| William Carey | |
 Missionary to India
|
|
| Born | August 17, 1761 Paulerspury, England |
|---|---|
| Died | June 9, 1834 (aged 72) Serampore, India |
William Carey (August 17, 1761 – June 9, 1834) was an English Protestant missionary and Baptist minister, known as the "father of modern missions. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Paulerspury is a small village approximately south of Towcester and north of Milton Keynes along the A5 road which follows the course of the Roman England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Serampore (also called Serampur Srirampur is a city and a Municipality in Hooghly district India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. " Carey was one of the founders of the Baptist Missionary Society. BMS World Mission is a Christian Missionary society founded by Baptists from England around 1792. As a missionary in the Danish colony, Serampore, India, he translated the Bible into Bengali, Sanskrit, and numerous other languages and dialects. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Serampore (also called Serampur Srirampur is a city and a Municipality in Hooghly district India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical He also has at least three colleges named after him, Carey Theological College, Carey Baptist College, and William Carey University (Hattiesburg, Mississippi).
Contents |
Childhood and early adulthood
Carey, the eldest of five children, was born to Edmund and Elizabeth Carey, who were weavers by trade in the village of Paulerspury in Northamptonshire. Paulerspury is a small village approximately south of Towcester and north of Milton Keynes along the A5 road which follows the course of the Roman Northamptonshire (or archaically the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants William was raised in the Church of England; when he was six, his father was appointed the parish clerk and village schoolmaster. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican As a child he was naturally inquisitive and keenly interested in the natural sciences, particularly botany. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life He possessed a natural gift for language, teaching himself Latin. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.
At the age of 12, Carey’s father apprenticed him to a shoemaker in the nearby village of Hackleton, Northamtonshire[1]. Hackleton is a village located in the south of the English Shire County of Northamptonshire (Northants in the district of South Northamptonshire His master, Clarke Nichols, was a churchman like himself, but another apprentice, John Warr, was a Dissenter. The term dissenter (from the Latin dissentire, “to disagree” labels one who dissents or disagrees in matters of opinion belief etc Through his influence Carey would eventually leave the Church of England and join with other Dissenters to form a small Congregational church in Hackleton. Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently While apprenticed to Nichols, he also taught himself Greek with the help of a local villager who had a college education. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly
When Nichols died in 1779, Carey went to work for another local shoemaker, Thomas Old; he married Old’s sister-in-law Dorothy Plackett in 1781. Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1781 ( MDCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Unlike William, Dorothy was illiterate; her signature in the marriage register is a crude cross. William and Dorothy Carey had six children, four sons and two daughters; both girls died in infancy, as well as their son Peter, who died at the age of 5. Olds himself died soon afterward, and Carey took over his business, during which time he taught himself Hebrew, Italian, Dutch, and French, often reading while working on his shoes. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Somehow he managed to retain information while working.
Founding of the Baptist Missionary Society
| Part of a series on Protestant missions in India |
|
 |
|
| William Carey | |
|
Background |
|
|
People |
|
|
Works |
|
|
Missionary agencies |
|
|
Pivotal events |
|
|
Indian Protestants |
|
Carey became involved with a local association of Particular Baptists that had recently formed, where he became acquainted with men such as John Ryland, John Sutcliff, and Andrew Fuller, who would become his close friends in later years. P C John was an evangelist and Bible teacher among the Syrian Christians and the Plymouth Brethren for 38 years Strict Baptists, also known as Particular Baptists, are people who believe in a strict- Calvinist interpretation of Christian theology. See also Fuller Baptist Church, Kettering Deathless Sermon William Carey Strict Baptist They invited him to preach in their church in the nearby village of Barton every other Sunday. On October 5, 1783, William Carey was baptized by Ryland and committed himself to the Baptist denomination. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted
In 1785, Carey was appointed the schoolmaster for the village of Moulton. Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Moulton is a large village in the Daventry district of the county of Northamptonshire in England. He was also invited to pastor the local Baptist church. During this time he read Jonathan Edwards' Account of the Life of the Late Rev. This article is about the theologian (b 1703 for other uses of Jonathan Edwards see Jonathan Edwards. David Brainerd and the journals of the explorer James Cook, and became deeply concerned with propagating the Christian Gospel throughout the world. David Brainerd, ( April 20, 1718 &ndash October 9, 1747) was an American Missionary to the Native Americans. Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and This article is about the canonical books of the New Testament His friend Andrew Fuller had previously written an influential pamphlet in 1781 titled The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation, answering the hyper-Calvinist belief then prevalent in the Baptist churches, that all men were not responsible to believe the Gospel. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the At a ministers' meeting in 1786, Carey raised the question of whether it was the duty of all Christians to spread the Gospel throughout the world. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common J. R. Ryland, the father of John Ryland, is said to have retorted: "Young man, sit down; when God pleases to convert the heathen, he will do it without your aid and mine. " However, Ryland's son, John Ryland Jr. , disputes that his father made this statement. [2]
In 1789 Carey became the full-time pastor of a small Baptist church in Leicester. Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional Three years later in 1792 he published his groundbreaking missionary manifesto, An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens. This short book consists of five parts. The first part is a theological justification for missionary activity, arguing that the command of Jesus to make disciples of all the world (Matthew 28:18-20) remains binding on Christians. The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel The second part outlines a history of missionary activity, beginning with the early Church and ending with David Brainerd and John Wesley. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical Part 3 comprises 26 pages of tables, listing area, population, and religion statistics for every country in the world. Carey had compiled these figures during his years as a schoolteacher. The fourth part answers objections to sending missionaries, such as difficulty learning the language or danger to life. Finally, the fifth part calls for the formation by the Baptist denomination of a missionary society and describes the practical means by which it could be supported. Carey's seminal pamphlet outlines his basis for missions: Christian obligation, wise use of available resources, and accurate information.
Carey later preached a pro-missionary sermon (the so-called Deathless Sermon), using Isaiah 54:2-3 as his text, in which he repeatedly used the epigram which has become his most famous quotation:
| “ | Expect great things from God; attempt great things for God. The Deathless Sermon was a Sermon given during the decline of Hyper-Calvinism in England. Isaiah (; Greek:, Ēsaiās; Arabic: اشعیاء, Ash-ee-yaa; "Salvation of/is YHWH " is | ” |
Carey finally overcame the resistance to missionary effort, and the Particular Baptist Society for Propagating the Gospel among the Heathen (now the Baptist Missionary Society) was founded in October 1792, including Carey, Andrew Fuller, John Ryland, and John Sutcliff as charter members. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year They then concerned themselves with practical matters such as raising funds, as well as deciding where they would direct their efforts. A medical missionary, Dr. John Thomas, had been in Calcutta and was currently in England raising funds; they agreed to support him and that Carey would accompany him to India.
Early Indian period
Carey, his eldest son Felix, Thomas and his wife and daughter sailed from London aboard an English ship in April 1793. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Dorothy Carey had refused to leave England, being pregnant with their fourth son and having never been more than a few miles from home; but before they left they asked her again to come with them and she gave with the knowledge that her sister Kitty would come help her give birth. En route they were delayed at the Isle of Wight, at which time the captain of the ship received word that he endangered his command if he conveyed the missionaries to Calcutta, as their unauthorized journey violated the trade monopoly of the British East India Company. The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or He decided to sail without them, and they were delayed until June when Thomas found a Danish captain willing to offer them passage. In the meantime, Carey's wife, who had by now given birth, agreed to accompany him provided her sister came as well. They landed at Calcutta in November.
During the first year in Calcutta, the missionaries sought means to support themselves and a place to establish their mission. Tentmaking, in general refers to the activities of any Christian who while functioning as a minister receives little or no pay for his or her church work and supports They also began to learn the Bengali language to communicate with the natives. A friend of Thomas owned two indigo factories and needed managers, so Carey moved with his family north to Mudnabatty. Indigo dye is Dye with a distinctive blue color (see Indigo) The chemical compound that constitutes the indigo dye is called indigotin During the six years that Carey managed the indigo plant, he completed the first revision of his Bengali New Testament and began formulating the principles upon which his missionary community would be formed, including communal living, financial self-reliance, and the training of indigenous ministers. His son Peter died of dysentery, causing Dorothy to suffer a nervous breakdown from which she never recovered. Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is an infection of the digestive system that results in severe Diarrhea containing mucus and blood
Meanwhile, the missionary society had begun sending more missionaries to India. The first to arrive was John Fountain, who arrived in Mudnabatty and began teaching school. He was followed by William Ward, a printer; Joshua Marshman, a schoolteacher; David Brunsdon, one of Marshman's students; and William Grant, who died three weeks after his arrival. The name William Ward may refer to William Ward (priest died 1641 William Ward (engraver (1762-1826 English engraver His family Of his family little is known except that they traced their descent from an officer in the Army of Cromwell: one of a band who at the Restoration relinquished Because the East India Company was still hostile to missionaries, they settled in the Danish colony at Serampore and were joined there by Carey on January 10, 1800. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Serampore (also called Serampur Srirampur is a city and a Municipality in Hooghly district Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday.
Late Indian period
Once settled in Serampore, the mission bought a house large enough to accommodate all of their families and a school, which was to be their principal means of support. Christianity is India's third-largest religion, with approximately 24 million followers constituting 2 Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Malankara Church of India is the Christian church believed to be started by St The Syrian Malabar Nasrani people are an Ethnoreligious group from Kerala, India. This article addresses the Saint Thomas Christians and the various churches and denominations that form the Nasrani people. Malankara Metropolitan is the title of the head of Malankara Church of Kerala, India, believed to be started by St See also Syrian Malabar Nasrani Knanaya (Hebקנאים Malayalam ക്നാനായ Arقينان literally meaning "Knai people" are an The Synod of Diamper, held at Udayamperoor /Diamper ( Kerala, India) formally united the ancient Christian Church of the Malabar Coast Saint Thomas The Coonan Cross Oath was taken in 1653, by a group of Saint Thomas Christians, reacting to the persecution of their Church by the Portuguese colonials The Goa Inquisition was the office of the Inquisition acting in the Indian state of Goa and the rest of the Portuguese empire in Asia Thomas the Apostle, also called Judas Thomas, Doubting Thomas, or Didymus, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Saint Francis Xavier ( Konkani / Konknni: Sam Fransisku Xavier/ Sanv Fransisk Xavier Basque: San Frantzisko Xabierkoa Spanish: San Francisco Mother Teresa, Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, (born August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997) was an Albanian ref>Spink Reginald Heber ( April 21, 1783 - April 3, 1826) was a Church of England bishop now remembered chiefly as a hymn-writer Blessed Kuriakose Elias Chavara was the co-founder and first prior-general of the Congregation of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and of the Congregation of the Henry Martyn ( 18 February, 1781 - 16 October 1812) was an Anglican priest and Missionary to the peoples of India George Edward Lynch Cotton ( October 29, 1813 – October 6, 1866) was an English and educator and churchman renowned for his connections Biography Early life Groves was born in Newton Valance, Hampshire, England Hugh Findlay ( Newmilns, Ayrshire, Scotland, June 9, 1822 &ndash March 2, 1900 in Fish Haven Idaho Advent Christian Conference Anglican Church of India Apatani Christian Fellowship Apostolic Christian Assembly Chaldean Syrian Church is the name used for the Assyrian Church of the East in India. The Church of North India (CNI the dominant Protestant denomination in northern India is a United church established on 29 November 1970 by The Church of South India ( Abbreviation: CSI) is a union of many Protestant Denominations spread throughout South India. The Brethren are a Christian Evangelical Premillennial religious movement The Indian Pentecostal Church of God (IPC is the largest indigenous Pentecostal movement in India, with its headquarters at Hebron Kumbanad, Kerala The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church is the Malankara Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church in Kerala, India. Malabar Independent Syriac Church is also known as Thozhyur Sabah (church and Anjoor church The Mar Thoma Church is a Christian denomination from Kerala, the South Western State of India. The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (also known as the Malankara Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of the East, Orthodox Syrian Church of the East, The Roman Catholic Church in India is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome. St Thomas Evangelical Church of India (STECI is an Evangelical, Episcopal denomination based in Kerala, India. The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (also known as Malankara Syrian Catholic Church Malankara Syriac Catholic Church) The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church is a Chaldean Rite Major Archiepiscopal Church in Full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Serampore (also called Serampur Srirampur is a city and a Municipality in Hooghly district Ward set up a print shop with a secondhand press Carey had acquired and began the task of printing the Bible in Bengali. In August 1800 Fountain died of dysentery. By the end of that year, the mission had their first convert, a Hindu named Krishna Pal. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Krishna Pal (1764 &ndash 1822 was the first Indian convert to Christianity due to the Missionary activity of William Carey, the founder of the They had also earned the goodwill of the local Danish government and Richard Wellesley, then Governor-General of India. Richard Colley Wesley, later Wellesley 1st Marquess Wellesley KG PC ( 20 June 1760 – 26 September 1842) was
The conversion of Hindus to Christianity posed a new question for the missionaries concerning whether it was appropriate for converts to retain their caste. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Castes are Hereditary systems of occupation, Endogamy, social culture, Social class, and Political power. In 1802, the daughter of Krishna Pal, a Sudra, married a Brahmin. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Shudra ( IAST: Śūdra is the fourth Varna in the traditional four-section division in historic Hindu society Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. This wedding was a public demonstration that the church repudiated the caste distinctions.
Brunsdon and Thomas died in 1801. Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday The same year, the Governor-General founded Fort William, a college intended to educate civil servants. See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis He offered Carey the position of professor of Bengali. Carey's colleagues at the college included pundits, whom he could consult to correct his Bengali testament. A paṇḍit or pundit ( Devanagari: पण्डित is a scholar a teacher particularly one skilled in Sanskrit and Hindu Law, Religion He also wrote grammars of Bengali and Sanskrit, and began a translation of the Bible into Sanskrit. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical He also used his influence with the Governor-General to help put a stop to the practices of infant sacrifice and suttee, after consulting with the pundits and determining that they had no basis in the Hindu sacred writings (although the latter would not be abolished until 1829). Satī ( Devanagari: सती, the feminine of sat "true" (also suttee) is a Funeral practice among some For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display
Dorothy Carey died in 1807. Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common She had long since ceased to be a useful member of the mission, and in fact was actually a hindrance to its work. John Marshman wrote how Carey worked away on his studies and translations, ". . . while an insane wife, frequently wrought up to a state of most distressing excitement, was in the next room. . . . ". Carey re-married a year later to Charlotte Rhumohr, a Danish member of his church who, unlike Dorothy, was his intellectual equal. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe They were married for 13 years until her death.
From the printing press at the mission came translations of the Bible in Bengali, Sanskrit, and other major languages and dialects. Many of these languages had never been printed before; William Ward had to create punches for the type by hand. Carey had begun translating literature and sacred writings from the original Sanskrit into English to make them accessible to his own countryman. On March 11, 1812, a fire in the print shop caused £10,000 in damages and lost work. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Amongst the losses were many irreplaceable manuscripts, including much of Carey's translation of Sanskrit literature and a polyglot dictionary of Sanskrit and related languages, which would have been a seminal philological work had it been completed. See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" However, the press itself and the punches were saved, and the mission was able to continue printing in six months. In Carey's lifetime, the mission printed and distributed the Bible in whole or part in 44 languages and dialects.
Also, in 1812, Adoniram Judson an American Congregational missionary enroute to India studied the scriptures on baptism in preparation for a meeting with Carey. Adoniram Judson Sr ( 9 August 1788 — 12 April 1850) was an American Baptist missionary who labored for almost forty Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently His studies led him to become a Baptist. Carey's urging of American Baptists to take over support for Judson's mission, led to the foundation in 1814 of the first American Baptist Mission board, the General Missionary Convention of the Baptist Denomination in the United States of America for Foreign Missions, later commonly known as the Triennial Convention. Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Triennial Baptist Convention also simply known as the Triennial Convention, the first national Baptist denomination in the United States of America, was established Most American Baptist denominations of today are directly or indirectly descended from this convention.
In 1818, the mission founded Serampore College to train indigenous ministers for the growing church and to provide education in the arts and sciences to anyone regardless of caste or country. Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Serampore College is located in Serampore Town in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. The King of Denmark granted a royal charter in 1827 that made the college a degree-granting institution, the first in Asia[3]. This is a list of Danish Monarchs, that is the Kings and Queens regnant of Denmark. Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
| Part of a series on Baptists |
|
 |
|
|
Historical Background |
|
|
Doctrinal distinctives |
|
|
Pivotal figures |
|
|
Largest associations |
|
In 1820 Carey founded the The Agri Horticultural Society of India at Alipore, Kolkata, supporting his enthusiasm for botany. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings General Baptist is a generic term for Baptists that hold the view of a general Atonement, as well as a specific name of groups of Baptists within the broader See also Baptist The Beliefs of Baptist Churches are not totally consistent from one Baptist church to another as Baptists do not have a central governing authority Prima scriptura is a doctrine that says canonized scripture is "first" or "above all" sources of Divine revelation. Sola scriptura ( Latin ablative, "by scripture alone" is the assertion that the Bible as God's written word is self-authenticating See also Ordinance (Latter Day Saints See also Baptist Baptists recognize only two ordinances — Believer's baptism and the Lord's Baptists generally recognize two Scriptural offices, those of Pastor -teacher and Deacon. 1600s 1644 First London Baptist Confession - revised in 1646 1651 The Faith and Practice of Thirty Congregations 1654 The True Gospel-Faith Congregationalist polity, often known as congregationalism is a system of Church governance in which every Local church congregation is independent Separation of church and state is one of the primary theological distinctions of the Baptist tradition John Bunyan (28 November 1628 &ndash 31 August 1688 a Christian writer and Preacher, was born at Harrowden (one mile south-east of Bedford See also Fuller Baptist Church, Kettering Deathless Sermon William Carey Strict Baptist Thomas Helwys, (c 1575 - c 1616 was one of the joint founders of the Baptist denomination Charles Haddon Spurgeon, commonly CH Spurgeon, ( June 19, 1834 &ndash January 31, 1892) was a British Reformed Roger Williams ( December 21, 1603 &ndash April 1, 1683) was an English theologian, a notable proponent of Religious The American Baptist Churches USA ( ABCUSA) is a group of Baptist Churches within the United States; the denomination maintains headquarters in The Baptist General Convention of Texas is the oldest surviving Baptist convention in the state of Texas. The National Baptist Convention USA Inc is one of the largest religious organizations among African Americans The convention has over 30000 churches and over 6000000 The Progressive National Baptist Convention (PNBC is a convention of African-American Baptists emphasizing Civil rights and social justice The Southern Baptist Convention ( SBC) is a United States -based mostly conservative Christian denomination The European Baptist Federation (EBF is a federation of 51 Baptist associations and is one of six regional fellowships in the Baptist World Alliance. The Agri Horticultural Society of India was founded in 1820 by William Carey on the Alipore Road Kolkata.
Carey's second wife, Charlotte, died in 1821, followed by his eldest son Felix. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year In 1823 he married a third time, to a widow named Grace Hughes. Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
Internal dissent and resentment was growing within the Missionary Society as its numbers grew, the older missionaries died, and they were replaced by less experienced men. Some new missionaries arrived who were not willing to live in the communal fashion that had developed, one going so far as to demand "a separate house, stable and servants. " Unused to the rigorous work ethic of Carey, Ward, and Marshman, the new missionaries thought their seniors - particularly Marshman - to be somewhat dictatorial, assigning them work not to their liking.
Andrew Fuller, who had been secretary of the Society in England, had died in 1815, and his successor, John Dyer, was a bureaucrat who attempted to reorganize the Society along business lines and manage every detail of the Serampore mission from England. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Their differences proved to be irreconcilable, and Carey formally severed ties with the missionary society he had founded, leaving the mission property and moving onto the college grounds. He lived a quiet life until his death in 1834, revising his Bengali Bible, preaching, and teaching students. Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The couch on which he died, on 9 June 1834, is now housed at Regent's Park College, the Baptist hall of the University of Oxford. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Alternate uses Regent's Park (disambiguation Regent's Park College is a Permanent Private Hall in the University of Oxford. A Permanent Private Hall at the University of Oxford is an educational institution within the university &mdash not as a constituent college but able to present students for The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the
Family history
Biographies of Carey, such as those by F. D. Walker[4] and J. B. Myers, only allude to Carey's distress caused by the mental illness and subsequent breakdown suffered by his wife, Dorothy, in the early years of their ministry in India. More recently, Beck's biography of Dorothy Carey paints a more detailed picture: William Carey uprooted his family from all that was familiar and sought to settle them in one of the most unlikely and difficult (for an uneducated eighteenth century English peasant woman) cultures in the world. Dorothy faced enormous difficulties in adjusting to all of this change; she failed to make the adjustment emotionally and ultimately, mentally, and her husband seemed to be unable to help her through all of this because he just did not know what to do about it. [5] Carey even wrote to his sisters in England on October 5, 1795, that "I have been for some time past in danger of losing my life. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Jealousy is the great evil that haunts her mind. "[6]
Dorothy's mental breakdown ("at the same time William Carey was baptizing his first Indian convert and his son Felix, his wife was forcefully confined to her room, raving with madness"[2]) led inevitably to other family problems. Joshua Marshman was appalled by the neglect with which Carey looked after his four boys when he first met them in 1800. His family Of his family little is known except that they traced their descent from an officer in the Army of Cromwell: one of a band who at the Restoration relinquished Aged 4, 7, 12 and 15, they were unmannered, undisciplined, and even uneducated. Carey had not spoiled, but rather simply ignored them.
Eschatology
Besides Iain Murray's study, The Puritan Hope,[7] less attention has been paid in Carey's numerous biographies to his postmillennial eschatology as expressed in his major missionary manifesto, notably not even in Bruce J. Iain Hamish Murray (b 1931 Lancashire, England) was educated in the Isle of Man and at the University of Durham. In Christian eschatology, postmillennialism is an interpretation of chapter 20 of the Book of Revelation which sees Christ 's Second coming Eschatology (from the Greek, Eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning "the study of" is a part of Theology Nichols' article "The Theology of William Carey. "[8] Carey was a Calvinist and a postmillennialist. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the In Christian eschatology, postmillennialism is an interpretation of chapter 20 of the Book of Revelation which sees Christ 's Second coming Even the two dissertations which discuss his achievements (by Oussoren[9] and Potts[10]) ignore large areas of his theology. Neither mention his eschatological views, which played a major role in his missionary zeal. [11] One exception, found in James Beck's biography of his first wife,[12] mentions his personal optimism in the chapter on "Attitudes Towards the Future," but not his optimistic perspective on world missions, which he derived from Postmillenial theology. [13]
Chronology of Events in Carey's Life
- 1761 Born at Paulerspury, Northampton. England. August 17.
- 1777 Apprenticed to the shoemaking trade.
- 1779 Attended prayer-meeting that changed his life, February 10.
- 1783 Baptized by Mr. Ryland, October 5.
- 1786 Called to the ministry at Olney, August 10.
- 1792 Pamphlet "An Inquiry" published;
- Baptist Missionary Society in England formed, October 2.
- 1793 Appointed missionary to India, January 10;
- Arrived in Calcutta, November 11.
- 1786 5-year-old son Peter dies on October 11.
- 1796 Baptized a Portuguese, his first convert.
- 1800 Moved to Serampore, January 10;
- Baptized Krishna Pal, first Bengali convert, December 28;
- Elected Professor of Sanskrit and Bengali languages at Fort Williams College.
- 1801 Completed New Testament in Bengali, February 7.
- 1803 Self-supporting missionary organization founded.
- 1807 Doctor of Divinity conferred by Brown University of U. S. A. ;
- Member of Bengali Asiatic Society.
- Dorothy Carey died.
- 1808 New Testament in Sanskrit published;
- Married Charlotte Emilia Rumohr.
- 1809 Completed translation of Bible in Bengali, June 24.
- 1811 New Testament in Marathi published.
- 1815 New Testament in Punjabi published.
- 1818 His father died, June 15.
- 1818 Old Testament in Sanskrit published.
- 1820 Founded the Agricultural and Horticultural Society, September 4;
- Danish King granted charter for college at Serampore;
- Marathi Old Testament published. The Agri Horticultural Society of India was founded in 1820 by William Carey on the Alipore Road Kolkata.
- 1821 Serampore college opened;
- Second wife Charlotte died.
- 1823 Married Grace Hughes.
- 1825 Completed Dictionary of Bengali and English.
- 1826 Government gave Carey "Grant in Aid" for education.
- 1829 Sati prohibited through Carey's efforts, December 4.
- 1834 Died at Serampore, June 9.
- 1835 Third wife Grace died.
Notes
- ^ Glimpses #45: William Carey's Amazing Mission. Christian History Institute. Retrieved on 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
- ^ F. Deaville Walker, William Carey. Missionary Pioneer and Statesman (1925 ed. ; repr. Chicago: Moody Press, n. d. ), 54, n. 1. See the recent discussion of this event by Brian Stanley, The History of the Baptist Missionary Society 1792-1992 (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1992), 6-7.
- ^ The Senate of Serampore College (University)
- ^ Frank Deauville Walker, William Carey (1925, repr. Senate of Serampore College (University is located in Serampore Town in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. Chicago: Moody Press, 1980). ISBN 0802495621.
- ^ Beck, James R. Dorothy Carey: The Tragic and Untold Story of Mrs. William Carey. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1992. ISBN 0801010306.
- ^ "Dorothy's Devastating Delusions," Christian History & Biography, October 1, 1992.
- ^ Iain H. Murray, The Puritan Hope. Carlisle, PA: Banner of Truth, 1975. ISBN 085151037X.
- ^ "The Theology of William Carey," Evangelical Review of Theology 17 (1993): 369-80.
- ^ Aalbertinus Hermen Oussoren, William Carey, Especially his Missionary Principles (Diss. : Freie Universtät Amsterdam), (Leiden: A. W. Sijthoff, 1945).
- ^ E. Daniels Potts. British Baptist Missionaries in India 1793-1837: The History of Serampore and its Missions, (Cambridge: University Press, 1967).
- ^ D. James Kennedy, "William Carey: Texts That Have Changed Lives": "It was the belief of these men that there was going to be ushered in by the proclamation of the Gospel a glorious golden age of Gospel submission on the part of the heathen. It is very interesting to note that theologically that is what is known as 'postmillennialism,' a view which is not very popular today, but was the view that animated all the men who were involved in the early missionary enterprise. "
- ^ Beck, James R. Dorothy Carey: The Tragic and Untold Story of Mrs. William Carey. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1992. ISBN 0801010306.
- ^ Thomas Schirrmacher, "William Carey, Postmillennialism and the Theology of World Missions," [1]
References
- Beck, James R. Dorothy Carey: The Tragic and Untold Story of Mrs. William Carey. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1992. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)
- Carey, William. An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens. Leicester: A. Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional Ireland, 1791. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
- An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens, available at Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
- Marshman, Joshua Clark. Life and Times of Carey, Marshman and Ward Embracing the History of the Serampore Mission. 2 vols. London: Longman, 1859. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
- Murray, Iain. The Puritan Hope: Revival and the Interpretation of Prophecy. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1971. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar.
- Nicholls, Bruce J. "The Theology of William Carey. " In Evangelical Review of Theology 17 (1993): 372. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar)
- Oussoren, Aalbertinus Hermen. William Carey, Especially his Missionary Principles. Leiden: A. "Leyden" redirects here For other uses see Leyden (disambiguation. W. Sijthoff, 1945. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
- Potts, E. Daniels. British Baptist Missionaries in India 1793-1837: The History of Serampore and its Missions. Cambridge: University Press, 1967. The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar.
- Smith, George. The Life of William Carey: Shoemaker and Missionary. London: Murray, 1887. Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
- The Life of William Carey: Shoemaker and Missionary, available at Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
- Walker, F. Deaville. William Carey: Missionary Pioneer and Statesman. Chicago: Moody, 1951. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January
Further reading
External links
- BMS World Mission (formerly the Baptist Missionary Society) Official website of the Missionary Society Carey founded
- Center for the study of the life and work of William Carey, USAincludes Works by and about Carey
- Works by William Carey at Project Gutenberg
- Friends of Serampore UK support group for College founded by Carey. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works nr:William Carey
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic