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Wild Bill Hickok

James Butler Hickok
Born May 27, 1837(1837-05-27)
Troy Grove, Illinois, U.S.
Died August 2, 1876 (aged 39)
Deadwood, Dakota Territory, U.S.
Occupation Abolitionist, facilitator of The Underground Railroad, Lawman, Gunfighter, Gambler
Not to be confused with William "Wild Bill" Hickok, American football player. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Troy Grove is a village in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Deadwood, named for the dead trees found in its Gulch, is a city in and the County seat of Lawrence County, South Dakota, Dakota Territory was the name of an organized territory of the United States that existed from 1861 to 1889 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and Safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States William Orville Hickok III ( August 23, 1874 &ndash September 4, 1933) was an American football player and industrialist

James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 – August 2, 1876), better known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a legendary figure in the American Old West. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year His skills as a gunfighter and scout, along with his reputation as a lawman, provided the basis for his fame, although some of his exploits are fictionalized. His moniker of Wild Bill has inspired similar nicknames for men named William (even though that was not Hickok's name) who were known for their daring in various fields. Wild Bill is a nickname most commonly associated with Wild Bill Hickok, which may refer to one of two individuals James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok Hickok's horse was called Black Nell and he owned two Colt. 44 guns.

Hickok came to the West as a stage coach driver, then became a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. The Territory of Kansas was an Organized territory of the United States that existed from May 30 1854 until January 29 1861 when Kansas became the 34th The Territory of Nebraska was a historic Organized territory of the United States from May 30, 1854 until March 1, 1867 He fought in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and gained publicity after the war as a scout, marksman, and professional gambler. The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Between his law enforcement duties and gambling, which easily overlapped, Hickok was involved in several notable shootouts, and was ultimately killed while playing poker in a Dakota Territory saloon.

Contents

Life and career

Early life

Wild Bill Hickok was born in Homer, IL (name later changed to Troy Grove, Illinois) on May 27, 1837. Troy Grove is a village in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common His birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok State Memorial, a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance The Illinois Historic Preservation Agency is a governmental agency of the U While he was growing up, his father's farm was one of the stops on the Underground Railroad, and he learned his shooting skills protecting the farm with his father from anti-abolitionists. The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and Safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies Hickok was a good shot from a very young age.

In 1855 Hickok, then 18, had a fight with Charles Hudson which resulted in both falling into a canal. Mistakenly thinking he had killed Hudson, Hickok fled and joined General Jim Lane's Free State Army ("The Red Legs") where he met then 12 year old William Cody, later to be known as "Buffalo Bill", who at that time was a scout for Johnston's Army. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman. The Utah War, also known as the Utah Expedition or Buchanan's Blunder, was an armed dispute between Latter-day Saint (" Mormon " [1] Due to his "sweeping nose and protruding upper lip", Hickok was nicknamed "Duck Bill". [2] In 1861, after growing a moustache following the infamous McCanles incident, and not without some encouragement from himself, he was to become known by the nickname he is most famous for, "Wild Bill". [3]

Constable

In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160 acre (65 ha) tract of land in Johnson County, Kansas (in what is now the city of Lenexa) where, on March 22 in 1858, he was elected as the first constable of Monticello Township, Kansas. Johnson County (county code JO) is a county located in northeast Kansas, in the central United States of America. Lenexa is a City in the central part of Johnson County, located in northeast Kansas, in the central United States of America. In northwest Johnson County Kansas, Monticello Township is now merged with Shawnee Kansas. In 1859 he joined the Russell, Waddell, and Majors freight company as a driver. The following year he was badly injured by a bear and sent to the Rock Creek Station in Nebraska (which the company had recently purchased from David McCanles) to work as a stable hand while he recovered. Rock Creek Station was a Stagecoach and Pony Express station in southeastern Nebraska, near the present-day village of Endicott. Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and In 1861 he was involved in a deadly shoot-out with the McCanles gang at the Rock Creek Station after 40 year old David McCanles, his 12 year old son and two farmhands called at the stations office to demand payment of an overdue second installment on the property, an event still under much debate. The supposed McCanles Gang or McCandless Gang were known as an Outlaw Gang in the early 1860s that was wanted for alleged Train robbery, Hickok and his accomplices, the station manager Horace Wellman, his wife and an employee J. W. Brink were tried but judged to have acted in self defense despite reports that none of the "McCanles gang" were armed. [1] McCanles was the first man Hickok killed in a fight. On several later occasions, Hickok was to confront and kill several men while fighting alone. [4]

Hickok invented the practice of "posting" men out of town. He would put a list on what was called the "dead man's tree" (so called because men had been lynched on it) while constable of Monticello Township. Lynching in the United States is the practice in the 19th and 20th centuries of the humiliation and killing of people by mobs acting outside the law Hickok proclaimed he would shoot them on sight the following day. Few stayed around to find out if he was serious.

Civil War and scouting

When the Civil War began, Hickok joined the Union forces and served in the west, mostly in Kansas and Missouri. He earned a reputation as a skilled scout. After the war, Hickok became a scout for the U. S. Army and later was a professional gambler. He served for a time as a United States Marshal. In 1867, his fame increased from an interview by Henry Morton Stanley. Sir Henry Morton Stanley, GCB, born John Rowlands ( January 28 1841 &ndash May 10 1904) was a British journalist

During the Civil War, "Buffalo Bill Cody" served as a scout with Robert Denbow, David L. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman. Payne, and Hickok. The men formed a friendship that would last decades. After the war, the four men, Payne, Cody, Hickok, and Denbow engaged in buffalo hunting. When Payne moved to Wichita, Kansas in 1870, Denbow joined him there while Hickok served as sheriff of Hays, Kansas. Hickok was rumored to have appeared in a stage play put on in 1873 by Bill Cody entitled "Scouts of the Plains. " When Bill Cody started the Buffalo Bill shows, Denbow traveled with Cody all over Iowa with the Buffalo Bill shows.

Lawman and gunfighter notoriety

On July 21, 1865, in the town square of Springfield, Missouri, Hickok killed Davis Tutt, Jr. in a "quick draw" duel. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Springfield is a city in Christian and Greene Counties in the U As practiced from the 11th to 20th centuries in Western societies a duel is an engagement in combat between two individuals with matched weapons in accordance with their combat Fiction later typified this kind of gunfight, but Hickok's is in fact the first one on record that fits the portrayal. [5] The incident was precipitated by a dispute over a gambling debt incurred at a local saloon and likely exacerbated by the fact there was a long standing dispute over a mutual girlfriend Susannah Moore. Several weeks later Hickok was interviewed by Colonel George Ward Nichols and the interview was published in Harpers New Monthly Magazine. Using the name "Wild Bill Hitchcock" the article recounted the hundreds of men Hickok personally killed and other exaggerated exploits. The article was controversial wherever Hickok was known and led to several frontier newspapers writing rebuttals and is credited as the reason for Hickok's failure to be elected Marshall of Springfield. Leaving Springfield he was recommended for the position of Deputy United States Marshall at Fort Riley Kansas. Fort Riley North is a Census-designated place (CDP that covers part of Fort Riley, a US Army installation in Geary and Riley counties At this time the Western Plains were involved in Native American wars and Hickok also served as a scout for George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry. [1]

In 1867 Hickok took a break from the west and moved to Niagara Falls where he tried his hand at acting in a stage play called "The Daring Buffalo Chases of the Plains". The Niagara Falls are massive Waterfalls on the Niagara River, straddling the international border separating the Canadian province of Ontario [6] He proved to be a terrible actor and returned west, where in 1868 he ran for sheriff in Ellsworth County, Kansas, but was defeated by former soldier E. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Ellsworth County (county code EW) is a county located in Central Kansas, in the Central United States. W. Kingsbury, but was elected sheriff and city marshal of Ellis County, Kansas on August 23, 1869. Ellis County (county code EL) is a county located in Northwest Kansas, in the Central United States. [1] In his first month in Hays, Kansas he killed two men in gunfights. Hays is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, near the intersection of Interstate 70 and U The first was Bill Mulvey who "got the drop" on Hickok. Hickok looked past him and yelled "Don't shoot him boys" which was enough distraction to win him the fight. [1] The second was cowboy Samuel Strawhun, who drew his gun on Hickock after the latter had been called to a saloon where Strawhun was causing a disturbance. [2]

On July 17, 1870, also in Hays he was involved in a gunfight with disorderly soldiers of the 7th US Cavalry, wounding one and mortally wounding another. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He later failed to win re election. On April 15 1871, Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas, taking over for former marshal Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed on November 2nd, 1870. Abilene is a city in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States, 163 miles (262 km west of Kansas City. Thomas James Smith, known as Tom "Bear River" Smith ( June 12, 1830 -1870 was a town Marshal of Old West Cattle Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 [7] The outlaw John Wesley Hardin was originally befriended by Hickok and the two often gambled and went "whoring" together, until he shot a snoring hotel guest for disturbing his sleep and had to leave town. John Wesley Hardin ( May 26, 1853 — August 19, 1895) was an Outlaw and gunfighter of the American Old West. In his autobiography (written several years after Hickok's death) Hardin claimed to have disarmed Hickok using the famous Road agent's spin during a failed attempt to arrest him for wearing his pistols in a saloon. The road agent's spin, also known as the "Curly Bill spin" (after Curly Bill Brocius) was a Gunfighting maneuver first identified in the days of the This story is considered to be apocryphal, or at the very least an exaggeration, as Hardin claimed this at a time when Hickok couldn't defend himself, and Hardin was considered to be boastful and a liar. [1]

While working in Abilene, Hickok and Phil Coe, a saloon owner, had an ongoing dispute that later resulted in a shootout. Phil Coe, born Phillip Houston Coe (1839-1871 was an Old West Gambler, Soldier and Businessman from Texas, and the business partner Coe had been the business partner of known gunman Ben Thompson, with whom he co-owned the Bulls Head Saloon. Ben Thompson, born in Knottingley, Yorkshire, England on November 2, 1843. On October 5, 1871, Hickok was standing off a crowd during a street brawl, during which time Coe fired two shots and Hickok ordered him to be arrested for firing a pistol within the city limits. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Coe explained he was shooting at a stray dog[8] but suddenly turned his gun on Hickok who fired first and killed Coe. Hickok caught the glimpse of movement of someone running toward him and quickly fired two shots in reaction, accidentally shooting and killing Abilene Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams, who was coming to his aid, an event that haunted Hickok for the remainder of his life. [9]

Hickok's retort to Coe, who supposedly stated he could "kill a crow on the wing", is one of the West's most famous sayings (though possibly apocryphal): "Did the crow have a pistol? Was he shooting back? I will be. " However, due to his having accidentally killed deputy Mike Williams, Hickock was relieved of his duties as marshal less than two months later.

In 1876 Hickok was diagnosed with both glaucoma and gonorrhea. Glaucoma is a group of diseases of the Optic nerve involving loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy. Gonorrhea (also gonorrhoea) caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a common Sexually transmitted disease. It was apparent that his markmanship and health had been suffering for some time as despite earning a good income from gambling and displays of showmanship only a few years earlier, by this time he had been arrested several times for vagrancy. On March 5, 1876 Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor. Calamity Jane claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and had divorced him so he could be free to marry Agnes Lake. Martha Jane Cannary-Burke, better known as Calamity Jane ( May 1 1852 &ndash August 1 1903) was a Frontierswoman Hickok soon left his new bride to seek his fortune in the goldfields of South Dakota. South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America.

Shortly before Hickok's death, he wrote a letter to his new wife, Agnes Lake Thatcher, which reads in part: "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wife—Agnes—and with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore" and "My dearly beloved if I am to die today and never see the sweet face of you I want you to know that I am no great man and am lucky to have such a woman as you".

Death

Gravesite
Gravesite

On August 2, 1876, while playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Poker is a type of Card game in which players bet on the value of the card combination (" hand " in their possession by placing a bet into Nuttal & Mann's was a saloon located in Deadwood South Dakota, and the deathplace of Wild Bill Hickok. 10 in Deadwood, in the Black Hills, Dakota Territory, Hickok could not find an empty seat in the corner, where he always sat in order to protect himself against sneak attacks from behind, and instead sat with his back to one door and facing another. Deadwood, named for the dead trees found in its Gulch, is a city in and the County seat of Lawrence County, South Dakota, The Black Hills ( Pahá Sápa in Lakota, Moˀȯhta-voˀhonáaeva in Cheyenne) are a small isolated Mountain range rising from the Dakota Territory was the name of an organized territory of the United States that existed from 1861 to 1889 His paranoia was prescient: he was shot in the back of the head with a . 45-caliber revolver by Jack McCall. The term caliber or calibre designates the interior Diameter of a tube or the exterior diameter of a wire or rod rEVOLVEr is the fourth studio album by Swedish metal band The Haunted. Jack McCall (also known as "Crooked Nose" Jack) (born in 1852 or 1853 in Jefferson County, Kentucky &ndash died in Yankton, Legend has it that Hickok was playing poker when he was shot, was holding a pair of aces, a pair of eights, and a queen. The fifth card is debated, or, as some say, had not yet been dealt. "Aces and eights" thus is known as the "Dead Man's Hand". For other poker hands that have found a place in lore see Glossary of poker terms.

The motive for the killing is still debated. McCall may have been paid for the deed, or it may have been the result of a recent dispute between the two. Most likely McCall became enraged over what he perceived as a condescending offer from Hickok to let him have enough money for breakfast after he had lost all his money playing poker the previous day. McCall claimed at the resulting two-hour trial, by a miners jury, an ad hoc local group of assembled miners and businessmen, that he was avenging Hickok's earlier slaying of his brother which was later found untrue. Ad hoc is a Latin phrase which means "for this [ Purpose ]" McCall was acquitted of the murder, resulting in the Black Hills Pioneer editorializing:

"Should it ever be our misfortune to kill a man . The Black Hills Pioneer, published by A W Merrick along with W . . we would simply ask that our trial may take place in some of the mining camps of these hills"

McCall was subsequently rearrested after bragging about his deed, and a new trial was held. The authorities did not consider this to be double jeopardy because at the time Deadwood was not recognized by the U. Double jeopardy (non bis in idem is a Procedural defense (and in many countries such as the United States, Canada, Mexico and India S. as a legitimately incorporated town because it was in Indian Country and the jury was irregular. An Indian reservation is an area of land managed by a Native American Tribe under the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau The new trial was held in Yankton, capital of the territory. Yankton is a city in Yankton County, South Dakota, United States. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler Hickok, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. This time McCall was found guilty and hanged. After his execution it was determined that McCall never had a brother.

Funeral and burial

Charlie Utter, Hickok's friend and companion, claimed Hickok's body and placed a notice in the local newspaper, the Black Hills Pioneer, which read:

"Died in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876, from the effects of a pistol shot, J. Charles H Utter (Colorado Charlie (b near Niagara Falls New York, 1838 &ndash death unknown after 1912 was an early figure in the American Wild West, best known Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year B. Hickok (Wild Bill) formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. Cheyenne ( /ʃaɪˈæn/ or /ʃaɪˈɛn/) is the capital of the U Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year M. All are respectfully invited to attend. "

Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading:

"Wild Bill, J. B. Hickok killed by the assassin Jack McCall in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876. The Black Hills ( Pahá Sápa in Lakota, Moˀȯhta-voˀhonáaeva in Cheyenne) are a small isolated Mountain range rising from the Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Pard, we will meet again in the happy hunting ground to part no more. Good bye, Colorado Charlie, C. H. Utter. "

Wild Bill was originally buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. The graveyard filled quickly and was in an area that could be better used for the constant influx of settlers to live on, so all the people buried there were moved up the hill to the Mount Moriah Cemetery in the 1880s.

Hickok is currently interred in a ten-foot (3 m) square plot at the Mount Moriah Cemetery, surrounded by a cast-iron fence with a U. Mount Moriah Cemetery on Mount Moriah in Deadwood, Lawrence County, South Dakota is the burial place of Wild Bill Hickok, S. flag flying nearby. A monument has since been built there. In accordance with her dying wish, Martha Jane Cannary, known popularly as Calamity Jane, was buried next to him. Martha Jane Cannary-Burke, better known as Calamity Jane ( May 1 1852 &ndash August 1 1903) was a Frontierswoman Potato Creek Johnny, a local Deadwood Celebrity from the late 1800's / early 1900s is also buried next to Wild Bill.

Buffalo Bill

Some accounts report that Hickok took part in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman. However, that production was not in existence until 1882, well after Hickok's death. Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nonetheless, Hickok was reported by some to have appeared with Buffalo Bill in 1873 in a stage play titled Scouts of the Plains. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [10]

"Dime novel" fame

It is difficult to separate the truth from fiction about Hickok, the first "dime novel" hero of the western era, in many ways one of the first comic book heroes, keeping company with another who achieved part of his fame in such a way, frontiersman Davy Crockett. This article is about US novels For the British versions see Story papers and Penny Dreadfuls. A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative Colonel David Stern Crockett ( August 17, 1786 March 6, 1836) was a celebrated 19th-century American Folk hero, In the dime-store novels, exploits of Hickok were presented in heroic form, making him seem larger than life. In truth, most of the stories were greatly exaggerated or fabricated.

Hickok told the writers that he had killed over 100 men. This number is doubtful, and it is more likely that his total killings were about 20 or a few more. Hickok was a fearless and deadly fighting man, versatile with a rifle, revolver, or knife. His story of fighting a grizzly bear, which he claims mistook him for food because of his greasy buckskins, personified a man who feared nothing. The Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis, also known as the Silvertip Bear, is a Subspecies of Brown bear (Ursus arctos that lives According to Wild Bill, he killed the bear with a Bowie knife after emptying his pistols into the bear. Bowie knife specifically refers to a style of knife popularized by Colonel James "Jim" Bowie and first made by James Black, although its common use refers He also cut off the bear's testicles and put them in a coffee can. That story is also thought to be an exaggeration.

Media

Television

Movies

Novels

Songs

Trivia

"Dead man's hand"
"Dead man's hand"

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Martin, George. The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a Television series which ran from 1951 through 1958 Deadwood, named for the dead trees found in its Gulch, is a city in and the County seat of Lawrence County, South Dakota, A folk hero is type of Hero, real or mythological. The single salient characteristic which makes a character a folk hero is the imprinting of the name personality "Guns of the Gunfighters", Peterson Publishing Company ISBN 0822700956, 1975. Retrieved on 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.  
  2. ^ "Wild Bill" Hickok Court Documents Nebraska State Historical Society 1861 Subpoena issued to Monroe McCanles to testify against Duck Bill, Dock and Wellman (other names not known)
  3. ^ Martin Fido: The Chronicle of Crime 1993 Page 24. The Nebraska State Historical Society is a Nebraska state agency originally founded in 1878 to "encourage historical research and inquiry spread historical information ISBN 1844426238 (from an 1861 newspaper article reporting the McCanles shooting)
  4. ^ City of Lenexa, Kansas
  5. ^ Spartacus Educational. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
  6. ^ James Butler Hickok/"Wild Bill" Margaret Odrowaz-Sypniewska B. F. A.
  7. ^ City Marshal Thomas J. Smith, Abilene Police Department
  8. ^ Shooting stray dogs within city limits was legal and a 50 cent bounty was paid by the city for each one shot.
  9. ^ Who was Wild Bill Hickok?
  10. ^ Buffalo Bill Museum & Grave - Golden, Colorado
  11. ^ The Young Riders at the Internet Movie Database
  12. ^ Deadwood at the Internet Movie Database
  13. ^ The Plainsman at the Internet Movie Database
  14. ^ Calamity Jane at the Internet Movie Database
  15. ^ Little Big Man at the Internet Movie Database
  16. ^ Wild Bill at the Internet Movie Database
  17. ^ This is shown in Hickok photographs on display in the Kansas State Historical Society museum.
  18. ^ Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok at the Internet Movie Database
12 Buffalo Girls [4] at Internet Movie Database

References

General References

External links

The Nebraska State Historical Society is a Nebraska state agency originally founded in 1878 to "encourage historical research and inquiry spread historical information
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