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A wilāyah (Arabic: ولاية) or vilâyet (in Persian and Ottoman Turkish) is an administrative division, usually translated as "province. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlıca or tr ''Osmanlı Türkçesi'' Ottoman Turkish ota-Latn ''lisân-ı Osmânî'' is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. " The word derives from the Arabic root w-l-i, meaning "to govern": a wāli 'governor' governs a wilayah 'that which is governed'. Wāli or vali is an administrative title that was used during the Ottoman Empire to designate governors of administrative divisions Under the Caliphate, it referred to one of the constituent near-sovereign states. A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfa) is the political leadership of the Muslim community in classical and medieval Islamic history

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Use in specific countries

Middle East and North Africa

For Morocco which is divided into provinces and wilāyas the translation "province" would cause the distinction to cease. For Sudan the term state, and for Mauritania the term region is used. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Mauritania (موريتانيا Mūrītāniyā officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country

See also:

The governorates of Iraq (muhafazah) are often translated as province, in contrast to official Iraqi documents and the general use for other Arab countries. ||-|} Algeria is currently divided into 48 Wilayas ( Provinces, 553 Daïras ( circles, or Counties) and 1541 Baladiyahs The regions and governorates of Oman are subdivided into Provinces ( Wilaya) |||} Mauritania is divided into 12 regions (capitals in parentheses and one capital district Adrar ( Atar) Assaba Below is a list of the 25 states of Sudan organized by their original provinces under British rule The provinces of Kenya are subdivided into 71 districts ( Wilaya) |||} Tunisia is divided into 24 Governorates Ariana Béja Ben Arous Bizerte Gabès |||} Iraq is divided into 18 Governorates (or Provinces ( Muhafazah) Baghdād The Arabic word muhafazah (محافظة muḥāfaẓä plural محافظات muhafazat) is usually translated to Governorate in English occasionally to This conflicts somehow with the general translation for muhafazah (governorate) and wilāyah (province). A Governorate is an Administrative division of a country It is headed by a Governor.

Malaysia and Indonesia

Wilayah Persekutuan is the Malay term for federal territory. The Federal Territory ( Wilayah Persekutuan) is a collective of three territories namely Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan, governed directly The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the In Malaysia the term wilayah is used to represent central government controlled areas. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Wilayah Persekutuan are the areas directly under the control of the federal government, which all other states in Malaysia are subordinate to. States such as Penang and Malacca enjoy far more autonomy from the central government, as they were former Straits Settlements of Britain. Penang (pəˈnæŋ Malay: Pulau Pinang) is a state in Malaysia, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia The Straits Settlements were a collection of territories of the British East India Company in Southeast Asia, which were given collective administration in 1826 A major difference between Penang Island can be seen in automatic granting citizenship to any persons born within the Island of Penang, regardless of the citizenship of the parents. This right is a derived form of a law from the British era called "Jus soli". Jus soli ( Latin for "right of the soil" or somewhat figuratively "right of the territory" or birthright citizenship, is a Right However neither Penang or Malacca actually practise their autonomy status in the spirit of unity within Malaysia. However east Malaysian states of Sarawak and Sabah practice a large degree of autonomy from the central government. Sarawak is one of two Malaysian states on the Island of Borneo. Sabah is a Malaysian state located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. Passports are required for a Peninsular Malaysian to travel to Malaysian Borneo, although in the spirit of the union, these requirements maybe done away in the future. Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia) also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on

Technically, Malaysia is only the areas covered within the Wilayah Persekutuan, all other states in the Federation of Malaysia are subordinate states to the federal government, which may choose to leave the federation. One former state has been expelled in the past; the state of Singapore was expelled from the Malaysian Federation to form a new Republic of Singapore in the mid-Sixties. Singapore

However all Malaysians are equal federal citizens, meaning they owe no allegiance to the state, only to the federation of Malaysia, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Federal Constitution and the Malaysian Flag. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the highest ranking office created by the constitution of the federation of Malaysia

In Indonesian wilayah means area, region or regional, but does not refer to a level of government. Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of

The Ottoman Empire and Central Asia together with Britain who ruled Iraq after WWI

Main article: Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire#Administrative reform, 1864

Traditionally the provinces of the Ottoman Empire were known as eyâlets, but beginning in 1864, they were gradually restructured as vilâyets – the Turkish pronunciation of the Arabic word wilāyah. The subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire were Administrative divisions of the State organisation of the Ottoman Empire based on military administration but The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

This Ottoman Turkish name is still used in several similar forms:

The current provinces of Turkey are called il in Turkish. Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlıca or tr ''Osmanlı Türkçesi'' Ottoman Turkish ota-Latn ''lisân-ı Osmânî'' is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the The Provinces of Afghanistan (locally recognized as wilayats - ولايت are the primary Administrative divisions of Afghanistan. |||} Tajikistan is divided into 3 Provinces ( Tajik: Вилоят Viloyat, plural Вилоятҳо viloyatho) and one autonomous Turkmenistan is divided into 5 provinces or welayatlar (singular Welayat) and one independent city ( şäher) See also Uzbekistan is divided into 12 Provinces ( viloyatlar, singular Viloyat, viloyati in compound e Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i

Iran

In Iran, the word is also used unofficially. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

South Asia

In Hindi and Urdu, the term Vilayet is used to refer to any Foreign Country. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised The Concretes is the debut self-titled Album by the Swedish band The Concretes, first released in Sweden in 2003 As an adjective Vilayeti is used to indicate an imported article or good.

Other areas

In Arabic, wilāyah is used to refer to the states of the United States, and the United States as a whole is called "الولايات المتحدة" (al Wilāyat al Muttaḥidah) literally meaning "the United States. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The United States of America —commonly referred to as the "

In the Tsez language, the districts of Dagestan are also referred to as "вилайат" (wilayat), plural "вилайатйоби" (wilayatyobi). Tsez, also known as Dido ( цезйас мец cezyas mec or цез мец cez mec in Tsez is a Northeast Caucasian language The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul But the term "район" (rayon), plural "районйаби" (rayonyabi) is also used. Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulosic Fiber. Rayon is produced from naturally occurring Polymers and therefore it is not a truly

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