| Wicked | |
 |
|
| Broadway Poster | |
|---|---|
| Music | Stephen Schwartz |
| Lyrics | Stephen Schwartz |
| Book | Winnie Holzman |
| Based upon | Gregory Maguire's novel Wicked |
| Productions | 2003 Broadway 2005 North American tour 2005 Chicago 2006 West End 2007 Los Angeles 2007 Tokyo 2007 Stuttgart |
| Awards | Drama Desk Outstanding Musical Drama Desk Outstanding Book Drama Desk Outstanding Lyrics Grammy for Best Cast Album |
Wicked is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Schwartz and a book by Winnie Holzman. Stephen Lawrence Schwartz (born March 6, 1948) is an American Musical theater lyricist and Composer. Stephen Lawrence Schwartz (born March 6, 1948) is an American Musical theater lyricist and Composer. Winnie Holzman (born in 1954 in New York City) is an award-winning American dramatist screenwriter and poet Gregory Maguire (born June 9, 1954 in Albany, New York) is an American author Wicked The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, is a Parallel novel published in 1995. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The Drama Desk Award, created in 1955, is an award which recognizes shows produced on Broadway, Off-Broadway, Off-off-Broadway, and The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. Stephen Lawrence Schwartz (born March 6, 1948) is an American Musical theater lyricist and Composer. Winnie Holzman (born in 1954 in New York City) is an award-winning American dramatist screenwriter and poet The story is based on the best-selling novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West by Gregory Maguire, a re-imagining of L. Frank Baum's classic story The Wonderful Wizard of Oz from the perspective of the witches of the Land of Oz. Wicked The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, is a Parallel novel published in 1995. Gregory Maguire (born June 9, 1954 in Albany, New York) is an American author A " remake' " is a term used to described something that has been done again sometimes with better Quality, and usually with more features Lyman Frank Baum ( May 15 1856 &ndash May 5 1919) was an American Author, Actor, and Independent filmmaker Oz is a fairy
Wicked tells the story of Elphaba, the future Wicked Witch of the West and her relationship with Glinda, the Good Witch of the North. Elphaba Thropp is the name given to the Wicked Witch of the West in Wicked The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West by Gregory The Wicked Witch of the West (or simply The Wicked Witch) is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L Glinda (or Glinda the Good Witch) is a Fictional character in the Land of Oz created by American author L The Good Witch of the North is a fictional character in the Land of Oz, created by American author L Their friendship struggles through their opposing personalities and viewpoints, rivalry over the same love-interest, their reactions to the Wizard's corrupt government, and, ultimately, Elphaba's public fall from grace. The Wizard of Oz (or simply The Wizard) is a Fictional character in the Land of Oz created by American author L The plot is set mostly before Dorothy's arrival from Kansas, and includes several references to well-known scenes and dialogue in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Dorothy Gale is a Fictional character, the Protagonist of many of the Oz novels by American author L Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical - Fantasy film mainly directed by Victor Fleming and based on the 1900 children’s
The musical debuted on Broadway on October 30, 2003. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. It is produced by Universal Pictures and directed by Joe Mantello, with musical staging by Wayne Cilento. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American Joseph Mantello (born 27 December 1962) is an American actor and director best known for his work on Broadway productions of Wicked, Wayne Louis Cilento (born August 28, 1949) is an American Dancer and Choreographer. Its original stars were Idina Menzel as Elphaba, Kristin Chenoweth as Glinda, and Joel Grey as the Wizard. Idina Kim Menzel (born May 30 1971 is an American Tony Award winning Actress, Singer and Songwriter who achieved fame for her Kristin Chenoweth (born July 24, 1968) is an American Singer and Musical theatre, Film and Television Actress Joel Grey (born April 11, 1932) is a Tony - Golden Globe - BAFTA - & Academy Award -winning American stage [1] Although the production received mixed reviews and was panned by The New York Times, it has proved to be a favorite among patrons. The Broadway production's success spawned productions in Chicago, Los Angeles, London's West End, Tokyo, Australia, and Stuttgart, along with two North American tours that have visited over 30 cities in Canada and the United States. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [2]
Wicked has broken box office records around the world, holding weekly-gross-takings records in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and London, and the record for biggest opening in the West End (£100,000 in the first hour on sale). A box office is a place where tickets are sold to the public for Admission to a venue The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency [3] The West End production has played to more than 1. 2 million people, and the North American tour has been seen by over two million patrons. [4] The show was nominated for ten 2004 Tony Awards, winning those for Best Actress, Scenic Design and Costume Design. The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented The Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical is the Tony Awards award given to the actress who was voted as the best actress in a musical, whether a new production This is a list of winners and nominations for the Tony Award for Best Scenic Design for outstanding set design of a play or musical. This is a list of the winners and nominations for the Tony Award for Best Costume Design. It also won six Drama Desk Awards. The Drama Desk Award, created in 1955, is an award which recognizes shows produced on Broadway, Off-Broadway, Off-off-Broadway, and
Contents |
Development
Stephen Schwartz discovered the 1995 Maguire novel while on holiday and immediately realized its potential for dramatic adaptation. [5] Schwartz met Maguire in Connecticut in 1998 and persuaded him to release the rights for a stage production. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Intellectual property ( IP) is a legal field that refers to creations of the mind such as musical literary and artistic works inventions and symbols names [6]
Schwartz considered how best to condense the novel's complicated plot into a sensible script. [6] To this end, he collaborated with Emmy Award-winning writer Winnie Holzman to develop the outline of the plot over the course of a year. [7] While the draft followed Maguire's idea of retelling the story of the 1900 children's book from the perspective of its main villain, the storyline of the stage adaptation "goes far afield" from the novel. As Holzman observed in an interview with Playbill, "It was [Maguire's] brilliant idea to take this hated figure and tell things from her point of view, and to have the two witches be roommates in college, but the way in which their friendship develops – and really the whole plot – is different onstage. Playbill is a Monthly US Magazine for Theatregoers Although there is a Subscription issue available for Home delivery "[8] Schwartz justified the deviation, saying "Primarily we were interested in the relationship between Galinda – who becomes Glinda – and Elphaba. . . the friendship of these two women and how their characters lead them to completely different destinies. "[9] In addition to this change in focus, changes include Fiyero's appearance as the scarecrow, Elphaba's survival at the end, Nessarose's being wheelchair-bound instead of armless, and Doctor Dillamond not being murdered. [10]
The book, lyrics, and score for the musical were developed through a series of readings. For these developmental workshops, Kristin Chenoweth, the Tony Award-winning actress whom Stephen Schwartz had in mind while composing the music for the character,[11] joined the project as Glinda. Kristin Chenoweth (born July 24, 1968) is an American Singer and Musical theatre, Film and Television Actress Glinda (or Glinda the Good Witch) is a Fictional character in the Land of Oz created by American author L Stephanie J. Block read the role of Elphaba before Idina Menzel was cast in the role in 2001. Stephanie J Block (born Stephanie Janette Block on September 19, 1972) is an American stage Actress and member of Idina Kim Menzel (born May 30 1971 is an American Tony Award winning Actress, Singer and Songwriter who achieved fame for her In early 2000, the creators recruited David Stone, the New York producer, to begin the transition to a full Broadway production. David Stone ( 17 February 1770 7 October 1818) was the Democratic-Republican governor of the U Joe Mantello was brought in as director, and by April 2003 he had assembled a full cast, and the show was prepared for a public production. [11]
Tryout and Broadway production
On May 28, 2003, Wicked opened for a pre-Broadway tryout at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located The Curran Theatre is located in San Francisco and was named by its first owner Homer Curran The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city [12] The cast included Kristin Chenoweth as Glinda, Idina Menzel as Elphaba, Robert Morse as the Wizard, Norbert Leo Butz as Fiyero and Carole Shelley as Madame Morrible. Robert Morse (born May 18, 1931, Newton Massachusetts) is an American Actor. The Wizard of Oz (or simply The Wizard) is a Fictional character in the Land of Oz created by American author L Norbert Leo Butz (born January 30, 1967) is an American Actor best known for his work in Broadway theatre. Carole Shelley (born August 16, 1939) is an English Tony Award -winning actress. [11] Stephanie J. Block also served as an ensemble member and understudy for Elphaba. Stephanie J Block (born Stephanie Janette Block on September 19, 1972) is an American stage Actress and member of [13] The musical staging was created by Wayne Cilento. Wayne Louis Cilento (born August 28, 1949) is an American Dancer and Choreographer. Tony Award-winning designer Eugene Lee created a set and visual style for the production based on both W. W. Denslow's original illustrations for Baum's novels and Maguire's concept of the story being told through a giant clock. Eugene Lee (Scenic Designer was born in Beloit Wisconsin, 1933 William Wallace Denslow ( May 5, 1856 &ndash March 29, 1915) &ndash usually credited as W [11] Costume designer Susan Hilferty created a "twisted Edwardian" style through more than 200 costumes, while lighting designer Kenneth Posner used more than 800 individual lights to give each of the 54 distinct scenes and locations "its own mood. Class and society Socially the Edwardian era was a period during which the British Class system was very rigid Kenneth Posner is an award winning American theatrical Lighting designer, working on Broadway Off-Broadway and in American regional theatre Stage lighting instruments are used in Stage lighting to illuminate theatrical productions rock Concerts In Fiction, a scene is a unit of drama A sequel is what follows an aftermath "[11] The trial run closed on June 29 and extensive retooling for Broadway began. [11] Elements of the book were rewritten and several songs underwent minor transformations. One song from the pre-Broadway version was scrapped before the musical opened on Broadway. Entitled "Which Way Is The Party?” it was replaced by "Dancing Through Life"; each was used to introduce the character Fiyero. Fiyero is a character in Gregory Maguire 's novel Wicked The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, as well as in the Broadway [11]
The Broadway production began previews at the George Gershwin Theatre on October 8, 2003, and officially opened on October 30. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located The George Gershwin Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 222 West 51st Street in midtown- Manhattan in the Paramount Plaza Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. [1] Most of the production team and original cast members remained when the show opened on Broadway, but Morse was replaced by Joel Grey, who was billed over the title. Joel Grey (born April 11, 1932) is a Tony - Golden Globe - BAFTA - & Academy Award -winning American stage [11] Other notable actors who have performed in the Broadway production of Wicked include, Jennifer Laura Thompson, Megan Hilty, Kate Reinders, Kendra Kassebaum, and Annaleigh Ashford as Glinda; Shoshana Bean, Eden Espinosa, Ana Gasteyer, Julia Murney, Stephanie J. Block, and Kerry Ellis as Elphaba; Kristoffer Cusick, Taye Diggs, Joey McIntyre, David Ayers, and Sebastian Arcelus as Fiyero; George Hearn, Ben Vereen, David Garrison, and Lenny Wolpe as the Wizard; Michelle Federer and Jenna Leigh Green as Nessarose; Christopher Fitzgerald, Randy Harrison, and Robb Sapp as Boq; and Rue McClanahan, Carol Kane, Jayne Houdyshell, and Miriam Margolyes as Madame Morrible. Jennifer Laura Thompson (born December 5, 1969) is an American stage Actress. Megan Hilty (born Megan Kathleen Hilty on March 29, 1981 in Bellevue Washington, U Kate Reinders, born in Muskegon, Michigan, is an American Musical theatre actress who has performed as lead and Understudy in several Kendra Kassebaum (born May 12, 1973) is an American Theatre actress who has performed in many different musicals (both Broadway and non Annaleigh Ashford (born Annaleigh Swanson June 25, 1985) is an American actress known for her recent Broadway credits in Shoshana Elise Bean (born September 1, 1977) is an American stage Actress and Singer known for her roles in Broadway Eden Erica Espinosa (born February 2, 1978 in Anaheim, California) is an American Singer and stage Ana Kristina Gasteyer (born May 4, 1967) is an American actress and Comedian. Julia Kathleen Murney (born January 14, 1969) is an American Actress and Singer, primarily featured in Theatre and Stephanie J Block (born Stephanie Janette Block on September 19, 1972) is an American stage Actress and member of Kerry Ellis (born May 6, 1979) is a British stage actress who recently starred as Elphaba in the West End production of the musical Kristoffer Cusick is a Broadway actor He has performed in such musicals as Saturday Night Fever, RENT and Wicked. Taye Diggs (born Scott L Diggs; January 2, 1971) is an American Theatre, Film and television Actor. Joseph Mulrey McIntyre (aka Joe McIntyre or Joey McIntyre, born December 31, 1972 in Needham Massachusetts) is an American David Ayers is an American Actor, born in 1978 in Worthington Ohio, USA Sebastian Arcelus is an American Voice actor who works on the properties of 4Kids Entertainment and NYAV Post. George Hearn (born June 18 1934) is a American Tony Award -winning Actor and singer primarily in Broadway Musical Ben Vereen (born October 10, 1946, in Miami Florida) is an American Actor, Dancer, and Singer who has David Gene Garrison Although he is most widely known for his television roles and he continues to be seen frequently in guest starring roles on television today Garrison is primarily Lenny Wolpe is an American Musical theatre actor who has appeared in Broadway musicals including Wicked and The Drowsy Chaperone Michelle Federer (born December 5, 1973) to John and Claudia Federer is an American Theatre and Film Actress. Jenna Leigh Green (born August 22, 1974) is an American actress known for her performances on the television show Sabrina the Christopher Fitzgerald is a Tony Award -nominated American Actor, Singer, mime, Clown, juggler, and Randolph Clarke "Randy" Harrison (born November 2, 1977) is an American Actor whose best-known television role is that of Robb Sapp (born June 1 19-- (sometimes known as Rob Sapp, or Robbie Sapp) is an American vocalist who has appeared in many Broadway musicals Rue McClanahan (born Eddi Rue McClanahan; February 21, 1934) is an Emmy Award -winning American Actress, known for Carolyn Laurie Kane (born June 18 1952) is an Emmy Award -winning and Oscar -nominated American actress, known for her work Jayne Houdyshell (born September 25, 1953) is a Tony Award -nominated American theatre actress Miriam Margolyes OBE (born 18 May 1941 is a BAFTA Award -winning British character actress and voice artist
Synopsis
Act I
The citizens of Oz celebrate the death of the Wicked Witch of the West. Kristin Chenoweth (born July 24, 1968) is an American Singer and Musical theatre, Film and Television Actress The Wicked Witch of the West (or simply The Wicked Witch) is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L Glinda descends in her bubble to confirm the circumstances of the Witch's melting ("No One Mourns the Wicked"). Glinda (or Glinda the Good Witch) is a Fictional character in the Land of Oz created by American author L "No One Mourns the Wicked" is the opening musical number performed in the hit Broadway musical Wicked, composed by Stephen Schwartz
The scene then shifts to the birth, years earlier, of the green-skinned Elphaba Thropp. Elphaba suffers an unhappy childhood, facing discrimination because of her skin color and only being raised by her father. At Shiz University, Glinda first encounters Elphaba ("Dear Old Shiz"). Shiz University is a fictional university in Gregory Maguire 's revisionist novel Wicked The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West. In a moment of anger, as she is told that she will be rooming with the spoiled and popular Glinda, Elphaba accidentally reveals an innate magical talent. This impresses Madame Morrible, the headmistress of Shiz, who notes that Elphaba's talents may be of use to the Wizard of Oz. Headmaster redirects here For the type of Transformers please see Headmaster (Transformers. ("The Wizard And I") Galinda is horrified, and takes an immediate dislike to Elphaba. Elphaba also dislikes Glinda, and they each lament that they have no choice but to room together ("What Is This Feeling?").
Doctor Dillamond, a Goat and Shiz University's only Animal professor, is teaching history class when it is interrupted by an anti-Animal slogan on the back of his blackboard, apparently written in blood: "Animals should be seen not heard. Doctor Dillon Dillamond is a character in author Gregory Maguire 's 1995 novel Wicked The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West " After dismissing the class, he confides in Elphaba that something is causing the Animals of Oz to lose their powers of speech ("Something Bad"). Fiyero, a prince, arrives at Shiz and immediately impresses his own brand of cavalier, carefree living on the students ("Dancing Through Life"). Fiyero is a character in Gregory Maguire 's novel Wicked The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, as well as in the Broadway
Fiyero organizes a party at a local ballroom. Kerry Ellis (born May 6, 1979) is a British stage actress who recently starred as Elphaba in the West End production of the musical Dianne Pilkington (born June 7, 1975) is an English Actress. She trained at the Guildford School of Acting in England and since then has made Glinda, while preparing for the dance, discovers a black pointed hat in a box and gives it to Elphaba as a 'present'. Glinda convinces a munchkin student named Boq to take Nessarose (Elphaba's wheelchair-bound sister) to the party, more to avoid unwanted attention from Boq than out of a desire to be kind. Nessarose has a crush on Boq and is so overjoyed to be invited that she asks Elphaba if there is any way to repay what she perceives as Galinda's kindness. At the dance, Galinda is surprised by the appearance of Madame Morrible, who gives her a training wand and tells her that Elphaba has insisted she be included in the sorcery seminar. Clearly, despite apparent misgivings, Elphaba has done as her sister requested and found something nice to do for Galinda. Elphaba arrives wearing the hat Galinda had given her, only to be ridiculed. Defiant, she proceeds to dance alone and without musical accompaniment. Fiyero is impressed that Elphaba does not seem to care what anyone thinks of her, but Galinda realizes that this is not true. Feeling guilty, she joins Elphaba on the dance floor, marking the start of a new friendship between the two. After the dance, Galinda and Elphaba talk in their room. Elphaba confides that her father hates her because of her green skin and had forced her mother to eat milk flowers to ensure that Nessarose was not born the same, causing Nessarose to be born early, crippling her and killing their mother. Glinda comforts Elphaba, and, moved by a desire to help her new friend, Glinda decides to give Elphaba a makeover and to make her popular ("Popular"). Popular is a song from the Tony Award -winning musical Wicked.
The next day, Ozian officials take Doctor Dillamond away. The new history teacher arrives with a caged lion cub, revealing that Animals that are kept in cages will never learn to speak. The Cowardly Lion is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L Outraged, Elphaba casts a spell over the whole class except for Fiyero, and together they steal the cub and set it free. There is a hint of chemistry between the pair, but Fiyero leaves, embarrassed. Elphaba takes refuge under a bridge and regrets that it would be impossible for someone like Fiyero to love someone like her ("I'm Not That Girl"). Madame Morrible finds Elphaba and announces that she has been granted an audience with the Wizard. At the train station, Galinda and Fiyero see Elphaba off to the Emerald City. The Emerald City is the fictional capital city of the Land of Oz in L Galinda complains to Elphaba privately that Fiyero's affections toward her seem to be waning. Fiyero has brought flowers for Elphaba as a going away present, and seems to be more interested in her than he is in Galinda. In an attempt to impress Fiyero, Galinda announces that she will change her name to "Glinda" in honor of Doctor Dillamond's persistent mispronunciation. Fiyero does not appear to notice and, feeling bad for Glinda, Elphaba invites her along to see the Wizard.
After a day of sightseeing in the Emerald City ("One Short Day"), Elphaba and Glinda meet the Wizard. Eschewing special effects, which he employs for the benefit of most visitors, he invites Elphaba to join him ("Sentimental Man"). As a test, he asks that Elphaba give his Monkey servant, Chistery, the ability to fly using the Grimmerie, an ancient book of spells. The Grimmerie (a variation on the words ' Grimoire ' and 'gramarye' is a Fictional book of spells in Gregory Maguire 's novel Wicked Elphaba demonstrates an innate understanding of the lost language and successfully gives Chistery wings. The Wizard reveals an entire cage full of monkeys who now also have wings as a result of Elphaba's spell, and remarks that they will make good spies to report any subversive Animal activity. Realizing that she has been used and that the Wizard has no power of his own, Elphaba runs away with the Grimmerie, pursued by the palace guards.
Defying Gravity
Elphaba and Glinda run into the tallest tower, where they hear Madame Morrible declaring to all of Oz that Elphaba is a "Wicked Witch" and is not to be trusted. Elphaba enchants a broomstick to fly and tries to convince Glinda to join her in her cause, but Glinda cannot resist the call of popularity and refuses. Leaving Glinda behind, Elphaba flies off, promising to fight the Wizard with all her power ("Defying Gravity"). "Defying Gravity" is the showstopper song from the musical Wicked, composed by Stephen Schwartz and originally recorded by Idina Menzel &
Act II
Several years have passed, and Elphaba's exploits have earned her the title "The Wicked Witch of the West" ("No One Mourns the Wicked (reprise)"). Glinda and Morrible hold a press conference a la Evita to announce Glinda's surprise engagement to Fiyero ("Thank Goodness"). Evita is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. Wicked is a musical with songs and lyrics by Stephen Schwartz and a book by Winnie Holzman. Meanwhile, Elphaba arrives at the governor's residence in Munchkinland seeking refuge. Nessarose, now the governor following their father's suicide, criticizes Elphaba for not using magic to help her to overcome her disability. To assuage her feelings of guilt, Elphaba enchants Nessarose's jeweled shoes, enabling her to walk. Boq, who is now Nessarose's servant, is summoned and reveals that his affection for Nessarose was put on and that his heart lies with Glinda. Boq is a minor character in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L Frank Baum. Furious, Nessarose miscasts a spell from the Grimmerie, causing Boq's heart to shrink. While Elphaba attempts to save him, Nessarose reflects on how her obsession with Boq has led her to oppress the Munchkin people ("The Wicked Witch of the East"). "The Wicked Witch of the East" is a song from the hit Broadway musical Wicked, composed by Stephen Schwartz. Elphaba saves Boq by turning him into the Tin Man – horrified, Nessarose lays the blame on Elphaba, which because of all the Wizard and Madame Morrible's propaganda, Boq believes without question. The Tin Woodman (also known as the Tin Man or the Tin Woodsman, the latter appearing only in adaptations the former used only occasionally by Baum is a character
Elphaba returns to the Wizard's palace to free the rest of the winged monkeys. The Wizard attempts to regain her favor by agreeing to set them free ("Wonderful"). Upon discovering a now-speechless Doctor Dillamond among the monkeys, Elphaba rejects his offer and attempts to escape, running into Fiyero in the process. Confirming his true love for Elphaba, he runs off with her. Glinda sees this and is crestfallen that she has been betrayed by those closest to her ("I'm Not That Girl (Reprise)"). In an attempt to finally capture Elphaba, Madame Morrible decides to create a cyclone that will endanger Nessarose.
As Long As You're Mine
In a dark forest, Fiyero and Elphaba express their mutual love ("As Long As You're Mine") but are interrupted when Elphaba senses that her sister is in danger. "As Long as You're Mine" is a musical number from the hit Broadway musical Wicked. She flies off to help but is too late, arriving just after Dorothy's house has landed on Nessarose, killing her. Dorothy Gale is a Fictional character, the Protagonist of many of the Oz novels by American author L The palace guards capture Elphaba, but Fiyero intervenes and allows Elphaba to escape before surrendering himself. The guards take him to a nearby cornfield to be tortured until he tells them where Elphaba has fled. At one of Fiyero's family's castles, Elphaba tries to cast a spell to save Fiyero's life but, thinking she has failed, she begins to accept her reputation as "wicked" ("No Good Deed"). No Good Deed is a musical number from the hit Broadway musical Wicked.
Meanwhile, Boq and the citizens of Oz prepare a witch-hunt ("March of the Witch Hunters"). Kate Reinders, born in Muskegon, Michigan, is an American Musical theatre actress who has performed as lead and Understudy in several Ana Kristina Gasteyer (born May 4, 1967) is an American actress and Comedian. Boq claims that Elphaba turned him into the Tin Woodman as an act of evil, as he does not know that she saved him. The lion cub that Elphaba freed at Shiz is also at the gathering and turns out to be the "Cowardly" Lion. Boq tells the citizens that because Elphaba fought the lion's fights for him, he never learned to fend for himself, the lion has no courage; again Elphaba's good deed is lost amongst the crowd. Seeing the witch-hunt, Glinda travels to Elphaba and Fiyero's castle to persuade her to let Dorothy go, but she refuses. She does, however, start to talk peacefully with Glinda and starts treating her like a friend again. Elphaba makes Glinda promise not to clear her name and to take charge in Oz. She agrees, and the two confirm a true friendship ("For Good"). " For Good " is a musical number from the hit musical Wicked. As the mob arrives at the castle, Dorothy throws a bucket of water on Elphaba, apparently melting her. It is revealed that the Wizard is actually Elphaba's father. Glinda tells the Wizard to leave Oz in his balloon, and sends Morrible to prison, before preparing to address the citizens of Oz, returning to the opening scene of the show.
Meanwhile, Fiyero, whom Elphaba had turned into the Scarecrow with her spell to prevent his suffering from the torture, opens a trap door in the castle. The Scarecrow is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L Elphaba, very much alive, emerges, and the two are reunited. However, Fiyero tells Elphaba that if the two of them want to be safe, they must leave Oz forever. Elphaba agrees, but first, she says that she wants Glinda to know that she is indeed alive. But Fiyero insists that nobody can ever know. Glinda addresses the citizens of Oz, proclaiming that she would like to be "Glinda the Good" as she will reform the government. Elphaba and Fiyero leave Oz forever, as Glinda celebrates with the citizens of Oz ("Finale").
Principal roles
- See also: List of characters in Wicked
| Character[14] | Voice[14] | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Elphaba (later, The Wicked Witch of the West) | mezzo-soprano | An intelligent, misunderstood girl with green skin and shunned because of her appearance, she finds a friend in Galinda and falls in love with Fiyero. This is a list of characters in the books Wicked The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West and Son of a Witch as well as the broadway musical A voice type is a particular kind of human Singing voice perceived as having certain identifying qualities or characteristics This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. Her pro-Animal motives and her rebellion against the Wizard cause her to be branded the Wicked Witch of the West. |
| Galinda (later, Glinda the Good) | soprano | Beautiful and ambitious, she initially seems conceited and vain, though her friendship with Elphaba reveals more depth in her character. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. She later changes her name from "Galinda" to "Glinda" in honor of Doctor Dillamond's persistent mispronunciation. Glinda is a social climber and seizes the opportunity to join the Wizard, who decrees that she be known as "Glinda the Good. A social climber is someone who seeks social prominence by obsequious behavior " |
| The Wonderful Wizard of Oz | baritone | The illegitimate dictator of Oz appears fatherly and brands himself a "sentimental man," but he is secretly the driving force behind the oppression of Oz's Animals. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. The Wizard realizes at the end of the story that he is in fact the father of Elphaba after Glinda presents him with the green elixir Elphaba's mother always carried around. The two had an affair while Frex, Elphaba's father, was away on business |
| Madame Morrible | contralto | The power-hungry headmistress of Shiz University is revealed to be working in collaboration with the Wizard of Oz. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. Shiz University is a fictional university in Gregory Maguire 's revisionist novel Wicked The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West. Morrible has a magical talent for controlling the weather. |
| Fiyero | tenor | A handsome Vinkus prince with a "scandalacious" reputation, who is attracted to Galinda. The tenor is the highest male voice within the Modal register, just above the Baritone voice The Winkie Country is a division of the fictional Land of Oz. Fiyero is initially shallow and self-absorbed, but his encounters with Elphaba cause him to reevaluate his way of thinking. Elphaba transforms Fiyero into the Scarecrow when Ozian guards take him away to be beaten. He is saved from a painful death, but cursed to live forever, unable to feel pain. |
| Nessarose (later, The Wicked Witch of the East) | mezzo-soprano | Elphaba's spoiled, crippled younger sister, though heavily dependent on Elphaba, is also embarrassed by her sister. She develops an obsessive attachment to Boq while at Shiz. After becoming the governor of Munchkinland, she abuses her authority to keep him near her, earning her title, " The Wicked Witch of the East. The Wicked Witch of the East is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L " |
| Boq | tenor | A Munchkin who has eyes for Glinda but is instead attached to Nessarose against his will; he is unable to tell her his true feelings. Eventually he is enslaved and forbidden from leaving Munchkinland when Nessarose strips the Munchkins of their rights. Boq is transformed into the Tin Woodman after Nessarose misuses a spell with the intentions of gaining his true love. His heart begins to shrink, and Elphaba turns him into a creature that "won't need a heart. " |
| Doctor Dillamond | baritone | A Goat, and the only Animal professor left at Shiz University, Doctor Dillamond is a victim of the Wizard's Animal suppression policy. Elphaba is fond of him, but he is taken away from Shiz after the Wizard decrees that Animals are no longer permitted to teach. Doctor Dillamond eventually loses his ability to speak. |
Music
Wicked Overture/No One Mourns the Wicked
The score of Wicked is heavily thematic, bearing in some senses more resemblance to a film score than a musical's score. In Music, a theme is the initial or primary Melody. The Encyclopédie Fasquelle (Michel 1958–61 defines a theme as follows "Any A film score is a broad term referring to the music in a film which is generally categorically separated from songs used within a film [15] While many musicals' scores develop new motifs and melodies for each song with little overlap, Schwartz integrated a handful of leitmotifs throughout the production. A leitmotif (ˌlaɪtmoʊˈtiːf (also leitmotiv; lit "leading motif" is a recurring Musical theme, associated with a particular person place Some of these motifs indicate irony – for example, when Galinda presents Elphaba with a "ghastly" hat in "Dancing Through Life", the score reprises a theme from "What is this Feeling?" a few scenes earlier,[15] in which Elphaba and Glinda had espoused their mutual loathing.
Two musical themes in Wicked run throughout the score. Although Schwartz rarely reuses motifs or melodies from earlier works,[15] the first – Elphaba's theme – came from The Survival of St. Joan, on which he worked as musical director. The Survival of St Joan is a Rock opera by Smoke Rise (Gary Ruffin Hank Ruffin Stan Ruffin and Randy Bugg--music composed by Hank and Gary on The title of music director or musical director is used by many Symphony orchestras to designate the primary conductor and artistic leader of the orchestra [15] "I always liked this tune a lot and I never could figure out what to do with it," he remarked in an interview in 2004. [15] The chord progression that he first penned in 1971 became a major theme of the show's orchestration. By changing the instruments that carry the motif in each instance, Schwartz enables the same melody to convey different moods. In the overture, the tune is carried by the orchestra's brass section, with heavy percussion. A brass instrument is a Musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a tubular Resonator. The result is, in Schwartz' own words, "like a giant shadow terrorising you". [15] When played by the piano with some electric bass in "As Long As You're Mine", however, the same chord progression becomes the basis for a romantic duet. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the And with new lyrics and an altered bridge, the theme forms the core of the song "No One Mourns the Wicked" and its reprises. This article is about a bridge section in a piece of popular or classical music [15]
Schwartz uses the "Unlimited" theme as the second major motif running through the score. Although not included as a titled song, the theme appears as an interlude in several of the musical numbers. In Music, a section is "a complete but not independent Musical idea " (Bye 1993 p In a tribute to Harold Arlen, who wrote the score for the 1939 film adaptation, the "Unlimited" melody incorporates the first seven notes of the song "Over the Rainbow. Harold Arlen ( February 15, 1905 – April 23, 1986) was an American Composer of popular music The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical - Fantasy film mainly directed by Victor Fleming and based on the 1900 children’s In Music, the term note has two primary meanings 1 a sign used in Musical notation to represent the relative duration and pitch of a Sound; " Over the Rainbow " (sometimes mistakenly known as "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" is a Song with music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by E " Schwartz included it as an inside joke as, "according to copyright law, when you get to the eighth note, then people can come and say, 'Oh you stole our tune. Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for ' And of course obviously it's also disguised in that it's completely different rhythmically. And it's also harmonized completely differently. . . . It's over a different chord and so on, but still it's the first seven notes of 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow'". [15] Schwartz further obscured the motif's origin by setting it in a minor key in most instances. Minor Scale was a test conducted by the United States Defense Nuclear Agency (now part of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency) involving the detonation This also creates contrast in the songs in which it forms a part, for example in "Defying Gravity", which is written primarily in the key of D-flat major. Also see D-flat minor, or D major. D-flat major is a Major scale based on D-flat consisting of the [16] In "The Wicked Witch of the East", however, when Elphaba finally uses her powers to let her sister walk, the "Unlimited" theme is played in a major key. In Music theory, the major scale or Ionian scale is one of the diatonic scales It is made up of seven distinct Notes plus an eighth [15]
Musical numbers
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Response
Critical reception
The Broadway production opened on October 30, 2003, to mixed reviews from theatre critics. Popular is a song from the Tony Award -winning musical Wicked. "Defying Gravity" is the showstopper song from the musical Wicked, composed by Stephen Schwartz and originally recorded by Idina Menzel & "As Long as You're Mine" is a musical number from the hit Broadway musical Wicked. No Good Deed is a musical number from the hit Broadway musical Wicked. " For Good " is a musical number from the hit musical Wicked. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. [17][18] While Menzel and Chenoweth received nearly unanimous praise for their performances as Elphaba and Glinda, the plot was derided as "muddled", and the sound quality in the massive Gershwin Theatre as "smearing". The George Gershwin Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 222 West 51st Street in midtown- Manhattan in the Paramount Plaza [19][20] Despite these mixed reviews, interest in Wicked spread quickly by word-of-mouth, leading to record-breaking success at the box office, as described below. Speaking to The Arizona Republic in 2006, Schwartz commented, "What can I say? Reviews are reviews. The Arizona Republic is a daily newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. . . I know we divided the critics. We didn't divide the audience [though], and that's what counts. "[21]
The West End production opened to a similarly ambivalent, if slightly more upbeat, critical reception. Although The Daily Telegraph described it as "at times. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. . . a bit of a mess," it praised Holzman's script, described Kenneth Posner's lighting design as "magical" and lauded Menzel and Helen Dallimore (as Glinda). Kenneth Posner is an award winning American theatrical Lighting designer, working on Broadway Off-Broadway and in American regional theatre Modern stage lighting is a flexible Tool in the production of Theatre, Dance, Opera and other Performance arts Helen Dallimore (born 31 October 1971 is an Australian actress. [22] The Guardian gave it three out of five stars and remarked on the competence of all the lead actors; however, it also complained that Wicked was "all too typical of the modern Broadway musical: efficient, knowing and highly professional but more like a piece of industrial product than something that genuinely touches the heart or mind". The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. [23]
Awards
Wicked was nominated for ten of the 2004 Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Book, Best Orchestration and twice for Best Leading Actress, for Menzel and Chenoweth. 2004 Tony Awards (10 Nominations 3 Wins Best Musical Best Book of a Musical ( Winnie Holzman The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented This is a list of winners and nominations for the Tony Award for Best Musical first awarded in 1949 The Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical is awarded to librettists of the spoken non-sung dialogue and storyline of a musical play The Tony Award for Best Orchestrations has been given since 1997 The Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical is the Tony Awards award given to the actress who was voted as the best actress in a musical, whether a new production [24] Menzel won the Best Actress award, and the show also won the Tony Awards for Best Scenic Design and Best Costume design, although it lost the Best Musical award to Avenue Q. This is a list of winners and nominations for the Tony Award for Best Scenic Design for outstanding set design of a play or musical. This is a list of the winners and nominations for the Tony Award for Best Costume Design. Avenue Q is a musical conceived by Robert Lopez and Jeff Marx, who wrote the music and lyrics and directed by Jason Moore. [25] In the same year, the show won six Drama Desk Awards out of eleven nominations, including in the Book, Director and Costume Design categories. [26][27] The West End production was nominated for four Laurence Olivier Awards in 2007 but did not win any. The Laurence Olivier Award is regarded as the most prestigious award in British theatre and is presented in recognition of artistic achievement in London theatre [28]
Financial success
With a $14 million capitalization, the Broadway production earned back its entire initial investment by December 21, 2004. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " [11] In its first year it grossed more than $56 million. [29] The production, which was recently extended to September 27, 2008,[30] has been playing to capacity crowds for almost every recent performance and grosses more than a million dollars every week according to reports published by Playbill. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Playbill is a Monthly US Magazine for Theatregoers Although there is a Subscription issue available for Home delivery [31] In the week ending January 1, 2006, Wicked broke the record, previously held by The Producers, for the highest weekly box office gross in Broadway history, earning $1,610,934. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Producers is a Comedy - musical adapted by Mel Brooks and Thomas Meehan from Brooks' 1968 film of the same name, [32] Wicked broke its own record in the week ending November 26, 2006, when it grossed a total of $1,715,155. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [33] The Broadway production broke its own record again in the week ending December 30, 2007, grossing $1,839,950. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. That week the show also broke its own weekly gross records in Los Angeles ($1,949,968), Chicago ($1,418,363), and on tour ($2,291,608), as the seven worldwide productions of the show grossed a collective $11. 2 million. [34]
The Broadway company of Wicked celebrated its 1,000th performance on March 23, 2006. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [35] The touring company reached 1,000 performances on August 15, 2007,[36] while the Chicago company celebrated its 1,000th show on November 14, 2007. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [37]
Although West End theatres do not publish audited weekly grosses,[38] the London production of Wicked claims to hold the record for highest reported one-week gross at £761,000, achieved in the week ending December 30, 2006. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [39][40] On February 20, 2008, the producers reported that over 1 million people had seen the London production in its first year, grossing over £40 million. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [40] The show has consistently been one of the two highest-grossing shows in the West End. [40]
Popular culture
The extraordinary success of Wicked has made several of the songs popular and engendered references to the show, characters, and songs in popular culture. Media as diverse as the anime series Red Garden, the daytime drama Passions and the Buffy the Vampire Slayer graphic novels have all parodied Wicked's songs and characters. (anime in Japanese, is a Japanese animated Television program produced by Gonzo studios and broadcast in Japan on TV Asahi since October 3 2006 A soap opera is an ongoing episodic work of Fiction, usually broadcast on Television or Radio. Passions is an American television Soap opera created by Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight is a Comic book series published by Dark Horse Comics. [41][42] The production itself has been featured in episodes of television programs, including Brothers & Sisters and The War at Home. A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U Brothers & Sisters is an American Dramatic television series which centers around the Upper-middle class Walker family and their lives in The War at Home was a sitcom that ran from September 11, 2005 to April 22, 2007 on Fox. [43] In an episode of Ugly Betty ("Brothers"), Betty gets tickets to see Wicked, discussing with a friend how much she relates to Elphaba's outcast status in a popularity and beauty-oriented environment. Ugly Betty is an American television Comedy-drama series starring America Ferrera in the title role along with Eric Mabius Brothers is the fifteenth episode from the dramedy series Ugly Betty, which aired on February 8 2007 [44] In a later episode ("Something Wicked This Way Comes"), Betty goes to see Wicked on a date and accidentally stops the show. Something Wicked This Way Comes is the sixth episode in season two of the dramedy series Ugly Betty, and the 29th episode in the series which aired on November 1 [45] Although Betty attends the Broadway production, the episode is shot primarily in Los Angeles: the Pantages Theatre in Hollywood doubled for the Gershwin Theatre for filming purposes. The Pantages Theatre, formerly known as RKO Pantages Theatre, is located at Hollywood and Vine (6233 Hollywood Boulevard) Hollywood California The George Gershwin Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 222 West 51st Street in midtown- Manhattan in the Paramount Plaza [46] On the March 8, 2008 episode of Saturday Night Live, Amy Adams and Kristen Wiig kicked off the episode singing the song "What Is This Feeling?" In the episode of "The Dinner Party" on The Office, Michael and Jan are arguing. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Saturday Night Live ( SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute American Sketch comedy / Variety show based in New York City Amy Lou Adams (born August 20, 1974) is an American Actress. She is best known for playing characters with cheerful and sunny dispositions such Kristen Carroll Wiig (wɪg, pronounced like " Wig " born August 22 1973 is an American actress, comedienne, and impressionist Michael screams, "When I wanted to see 'Stomp' and you wanted to see 'Wicked,' what did we go see?" Jan meekly replies, "We saw 'Wicked. '" The musician and actor John Barrowman has been singing a version of The Wizard And I on his 2008 UK tour, with adapted lyrics referring to his Doctor Who and Torchwood character Jack's affection for The Doctor. John Scot Barrowman (b 11 March 1967 is a Scottish Actor, musical performer, Dancer, Singer and Television presenter Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC. Torchwood is a British science fiction Drama Television programme, created by Russell T Davies and starring John Barrowman Captain Jack Harkness The Doctor is the central character in the long-running BBC television science-fiction series Doctor Who, and also features in
Behind the Emerald Curtain
The success of the Broadway production has led to the development of an auxiliary show, Behind the Emerald Curtain. Created by Sean McCourt and Anthony Galde, two members of the original Broadway ensemble, the show features a sixty minute behind-the-scenes tour of the props, masks, costumes and sets, led by cast members, who also take part in a question-and-answer session. Sean McCourt is a Detroit Michigan -born American actor On Broadway, he replaced Andy Taylor in the musical Titanic. A theatrical property, commonly referred to as a prop, is any object held or used on stage by an Actor for use in furthering the plot or story line of a Theatrical Theatrical scenery is that which is used as a setting for a Theatrical production [47] Behind the Emerald Curtain accompanies the productions on Broadway, in Chicago, and Los Angeles. [48]
Other productions
- See also: Wicked cast lists
- North American tour
Wicked launched its first national tour in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in March, 2005. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Events in March American Red Cross Month Fire Prevention month ( The Philippines) Women's History Month ( United Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Since then it has visited numerous cities throughout North America. [11] The original touring cast included Kendra Kassebaum as Glinda, Stephanie J. Block as Elphaba, Derrick Williams as Fiyero, Jenna Leigh Green as Nessarose, Carol Kane as Madame Morrible, Timothy Britten Parker as Doctor Dillamond, Logan Lipton as Boq and David Garrison as the Wizard. Kendra Kassebaum (born May 12, 1973) is an American Theatre actress who has performed in many different musicals (both Broadway and non Stephanie J Block (born Stephanie Janette Block on September 19, 1972) is an American stage Actress and member of Jenna Leigh Green (born August 22, 1974) is an American actress known for her performances on the television show Sabrina the Carolyn Laurie Kane (born June 18 1952) is an Emmy Award -winning and Oscar -nominated American actress, known for her work Timothy Britten Parker (born February 8, 1962) also known as Toby is an American stage, Film, and Television David Gene Garrison Although he is most widely known for his television roles and he continues to be seen frequently in guest starring roles on television today Garrison is primarily Notable replacements have included Kristy Cates, Eden Espinosa, Julia Murney, Shoshana Bean and Victoria Matlock as Elphaba; Megan Hilty as Glinda; Sebastian Arcelus and Cliffton Hall as Fiyero; Carole Shelley and Alma Cuervo as Madame Morrible; and Deedee Magno as Nessarose. Kristy Cates is an American actress and Singer, best known for her role as Elphaba in the Chicago production of Wicked Eden Erica Espinosa (born February 2, 1978 in Anaheim, California) is an American Singer and stage Julia Kathleen Murney (born January 14, 1969) is an American Actress and Singer, primarily featured in Theatre and Shoshana Elise Bean (born September 1, 1977) is an American stage Actress and Singer known for her roles in Broadway Victoria Matlock (born 1978 is an American musical theatre actress Megan Hilty (born Megan Kathleen Hilty on March 29, 1981 in Bellevue Washington, U Sebastian Arcelus is an American Voice actor who works on the properties of 4Kids Entertainment and NYAV Post. Cliffton Hall is an actor Hawaiian Actor, born February 10 1975 Carole Shelley (born August 16, 1939) is an English Tony Award -winning actress. Alma Cuervo (born 13 August 1951 in Tampa Florida) is a Hispanic-American stage actress who has also performed on film and television Deedee Lynn Magno (born April 2, 1975) is an American actress and pop singer
Over 2. 2 million people saw the touring production in its first two years, and it grossed over $155 million. [4] The tour has played to capacity crowds on almost every performance,[4] with tickets for four-week engagements selling out in as little as seven hours. [4] The touring company celebrated its 1,000th performance on August 15, 2007 in Philadelphia. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə [36] In the week ending December 30, 2007 the production took in $2,291,608 in St Louis, Missouri, the highest weekly gross in North American touring history. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [49]
- 2005 Chicago production
The first non-Broadway sit-down production of Wicked opened in Chicago, Illinois at the Ford Center for the Performing Arts Oriental Theatre on July 13, 2005. The Ford Center for the Performing Arts Oriental Theatre is a Chicago theatre now owned by the Nederlander Organization and is operated by Broadway In Chicago. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Ford Center for the Performing Arts Oriental Theatre is a Chicago theatre now owned by the Nederlander Organization and is operated by Broadway In Chicago. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In its first week, the show grossed $1,400,000. It has continued to set records, becoming the longest running Broadway musical in Chicago history,[37] and is considered a key part of the booming Chicago theatre scene. Note on spelling While most Americans use "er" (as per American spelling conventions the majority of venues performers and trade groups for live theatre use "re [50] The limited engagement from April 29–June 12, 2005 with the original touring cast was extended to an open-ended run. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [51]
During the Chicago run, the 2005 touring cast has been gradually replaced by local actors. [52] The original Chicago cast included Ana Gasteyer as Elphaba, Kate Reinders as Glinda, Rondi Reed as Madame Morrible, Kristoffer Cusick as Fiyero, Heidi Kettenring as Nessarose and Gene Weygandt as the Wizard of Oz. Ana Kristina Gasteyer (born May 4, 1967) is an American actress and Comedian. Kate Reinders, born in Muskegon, Michigan, is an American Musical theatre actress who has performed as lead and Understudy in several Kristoffer Cusick is a Broadway actor He has performed in such musicals as Saturday Night Fever, RENT and Wicked. [52] Notable Chicago cast replacements have included Kristy Cates, Dee Roscioli and Lisa Brescia as Elphaba; Erin Mackey, Kate Fahrner, and Annaleigh Ashford as Glinda; Ben Vereen and David Garrison as the Wizard; Brad Bass as Fiyero; Timothy Britten Parker and William Youmans as Doctor Dillamond; and Carole Shelley and Barbara Robertson as Madame Morrible. Kristy Cates is an American actress and Singer, best known for her role as Elphaba in the Chicago production of Wicked Dee Roscioli (born Danielle Marie Roscioli on July 20, 1977 in Easton Pennsylvania) is an American actress. Lisa Brescia, born in Sioux Falls South Dakota, is an American musical theatre actress who has performed as lead and understudy in several Broadway shows Kate Fahrner is an American Actress and Singer. She appeared in The Full Monty and Cats national tours Annaleigh Ashford (born Annaleigh Swanson June 25, 1985) is an American actress known for her recent Broadway credits in Ben Vereen (born October 10, 1946, in Miami Florida) is an American Actor, Dancer, and Singer who has David Gene Garrison Although he is most widely known for his television roles and he continues to be seen frequently in guest starring roles on television today Garrison is primarily Brad Bass is an American stage Actor and Singer who is best known for his roles in the Chicago production of Wicked, along Not to be confused with Will Youmans, hip-hop artist William Youmans is an American Broadway, Film and Television Barbara Robertson is an American Actress and Singer. She currently plays the role of Mame at the Drury Lane Theatre
During the 2007 Christmas holiday season, the production broke its own Chicago box office record with a gross $1,418,363. 24 for the week ending December 30, 2007. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [53] Producer David Stone commented on the unanticipated success of the production in Variety magazine, saying "To be honest, we thought it would run 18 months, then we'd spend a year in Los Angeles and six months in San Francisco. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman . . but sales stayed so strong that the producers created another road show and kept the show running in Chicago. "[54] The Chicago production played its 1,000th performance on November 14, 2007. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [55] Wicked has now played to more than 2 million visitors in Chicago with a gross of over $140 million, making it the highest grossing show in Chicago history by June 2007. [55][56]
On May 20, 2008 it was announced that the production would close on January 25, 2009 after over 1,500 performances. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. [57]
- Original London West End production
The first international production of Wicked previewed on September 7, 2006 at the Apollo Victoria Theatre in London's West End with an official opening of September 27, 2006. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The West End production reunited the show's original creative team with its Tony Award-winning star, Idina Menzel. Idina Kim Menzel (born May 30 1971 is an American Tony Award winning Actress, Singer and Songwriter who achieved fame for her [58] Other original London cast members included Australian Helen Dallimore as Glinda, Miriam Margolyes as Madame Morrible, Martin Ball as Doctor Dillamond, Adam Garcia as Fiyero, James Gillan as Boq, Katie Rowley Jones as Nessarose and Nigel Planer as the Wizard. Helen Dallimore (born 31 October 1971 is an Australian actress. Miriam Margolyes OBE (born 18 May 1941 is a BAFTA Award -winning British character actress and voice artist Martin Ball is an English theatre and television actor who recently appeared as Doctor Dillamond in Wicked at the Apollo Victoria Theatre Adam Garcia (born 1 June 1973 in Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia) born Adam Gabriel Garcia, is an Australian Actor James Gillan may refer to James Angus Gillan, see Angus Gillan, Scottish rower gold medallist at the 1908 and 1912 Olympics James Gillan Nigel George Planer (born 22 February 1953 in London) is an English Actor, Novelist and Playwright. Replacements have included Kerry Ellis as Elphaba, Dianne Pilkington as Glinda, Susie Blake and Harriet Thorpe as Madame Morrible, and Desmond Barrit as the Wizard. Kerry Ellis (born May 6, 1979) is a British stage actress who recently starred as Elphaba in the West End production of the musical Dianne Pilkington (born June 7, 1975) is an English Actress. She trained at the Guildford School of Acting in England and since then has made Susie Blake (born 19 April 1950, Highgate, London) is a British Actress Harriet Thorpe is an English Actress. She came to prominence in the mid-to-late 1990s in the British television sitcom The Brittas Empire Desmond Barrit (born October 19, 1944 in Morriston, Swansea, Wales) is a Laurence Olivier Award winning British
The production was slightly tailored for a British audience, including minor creative changes to dialogue, choreography, and special effects. In the same fashion as the modifications that were made for the US/Canada tour, most of these changes were later incorporated into all productions of Wicked. [59]
- 2006 Universal Studios Japan (Osaka) mini-version
The theme park Universal Studios Japan in Osaka, Japan presents a 30-minute theme park version of Wicked, which began performances in July 2006. (USJ CO LTD) located in Osaka, Japan is one of three Universal Studios theme parks. is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of Honshū It focuses mainly on Elphaba and Glinda's relationship, but also includes the Wizard. Fiyero, Nessarose and Madame Morrible are absent from the production. The production generally uses American and Australian actresses to play Elphaba, while Japanese actresses play Glinda. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The are the dominant Ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent of these approximately 127 million are residents of Japan The show is performed four times a day, with several actresses sharing each role. This version is performed mostly in Japanese, with portions in English. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States [60]
- 2007 Los Angeles production
Wicked launched its fifth open-ended production in Los Angeles, California at the Pantages Theatre. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The Pantages Theatre, formerly known as RKO Pantages Theatre, is located at Hollywood and Vine (6233 Hollywood Boulevard) Hollywood California Performances began on February 10, 2007, with an official opening on February 21. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland All but two of the principals had previously performed their roles in another production – representatives from the Broadway, Chicago, and touring productions made up most of the original cast, with Eden Espinosa and Megan Hilty in the leads as Elphaba and Glinda, respectively. Eden Erica Espinosa (born February 2, 1978 in Anaheim, California) is an American Singer and stage Megan Hilty (born Megan Kathleen Hilty on March 29, 1981 in Bellevue Washington, U [61] Other original cast members included Carol Kane as Madame Morrible, Timothy Britten Parker as Doctor Dillamond, Jenna Leigh Green as Nessarose, Adam Wylie as Boq, Kristoffer Cusick as Fiyero, and John Rubinstein as the Wizard. Carolyn Laurie Kane (born June 18 1952) is an Emmy Award -winning and Oscar -nominated American actress, known for her work Timothy Britten Parker (born February 8, 1962) also known as Toby is an American stage, Film, and Television Jenna Leigh Green (born August 22, 1974) is an American actress known for her performances on the television show Sabrina the Adam Augustus Wylie (born May 23, 1984) is an American Television and Motion picture Actor, as well as a Broadway Kristoffer Cusick is a Broadway actor He has performed in such musicals as Saturday Night Fever, RENT and Wicked. John Arthur Rubinstein (born December 8, 1946) is an American film Broadway and television actor a composer of film and theatre music and a director Replacements have included Caissie Levy and Teal Wicks as Elphaba, Erin Mackey as Glinda, and Jo Anne Worley as Madame Morrible. Caissie Levy (born ca 1981 in Hamilton Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian stage Actress and Singer. Jo Anne Worley (born September 6 1937) is an American actress
In the week ending on March 4, 2007, the show grossed $1,786,110 and became the highest-grossing attraction in Los Angeles theatre history, taking the record from The Producers, which had set the record in June 2003 at the same theatre. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Producers is a Comedy - musical adapted by Mel Brooks and Thomas Meehan from Brooks' 1968 film of the same name, [62] In the week ended December 30, 2007, Wicked set a new box office record of $1,949,968 in Los Angeles. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [49]
It was announced on April 1, 2008 that the production would close on January 11, 2009. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. The show will have played 791 performances and 12 previews. [63]
- 2007-2008 international productions
Wicked opened its first non-English production in Tokyo, Japan on June 17, 2007, with previews starting on June 15, 2007. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Numao Miyuki and Hamada Megumi played Glinda and Elphaba in the original Tokyo production. The Shiki Theatre Company at the Dentsu Shiki Theatre "Umi" produces it. The production has a Japanese and Chinese cast and is performed entirely in Japanese. [60]
Wicked: Die Hexen von Oz ("Wicked: The witches of Oz") premiered November 15, 2007, at the Palladium Theater in Stuttgart. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Willemijn Verkaik and Lucy Scherer headline the production as Elphaba and Glinda, and Mark Seibert plays Fiyero. Wicked has become one of Germany's top musicals. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. [64] A recording of this production was released on December 7, 2007. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- 2008 Melbourne production
An open-ended Australian production of Wicked is scheduled to open on July 9, 2008, with previews commencing June 27, at the Regent Theatre in Melbourne, Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden The Regent Theatre is a 2162 seat Theatre in Melbourne, Australia. [65][66] Australians Amanda Harrison and Lucy Durack will play Elphaba and Glinda, respectively; they will join Maggie Kirkpatrick as Madame Morrible and Rob Guest as The Wizard, and Australian Idol finalists Rob Mills (Fiyero) and Anthony Callea (Boq). Amanda Harrison is an Australian stage actress and singer who is currently originating the role of Elphaba in the Melbourne production of the musical Maggie Kirkpatrick (born 29 January 1941, Albury New South Wales) is an Australian actress, who is best known for her portrayal of Rules Auditions Auditions are held in major cities around Australia to find each season's contestants [67]
- 2009 San Francisco production
SHN, who allow Broadway shows to use their theatres in San Francisco, have confirmed that Wicked, which did a trial run in San Francisco, will return to the Bay Area. It is scheduled to open in January of 2009 at the Orpheum Theatre. Events in January Holidays New Year's Day - January 1 Coptic Christmas - January 7 This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. [68]
- 2009 2nd National Tour
A second national tour of Wicked will kick off March 7, 2009, at the Barbara B. Mann Performing Arts Hall in Fort Myers, FL.
This tour will play through March 29 at the Florida venue before arriving in Birmingham, Jacksonville, Norfolk, Indianapolis and Memphis.
In a statement Wicked producer Marc Platt said, "Theatregoers across North America have embraced Wicked, creating an overwhelming demand for tickets and a wildly successful 1st North American Tour. The upcoming launch of this 2nd touring company will allow us to bring Wicked to markets which we have not yet been able to visit, as well as return to cities which have been asking for a second (or third) engagements. "
The current tour itinerary follows: March 7-29, 2009 at the Barbara B. Mann Performing Arts Hall in Fort Myers April 3-19 at the BJCC Concert Hall in Birmingham April 23-May 10 at the Times Union Center in Jacksonville May 13-31 at the Chrysler Hall in Norfolk June 3-21 at the Murat Centre in Indianapolis June 24-July 12 at the Orpheum Theatre in Memphis
Additional cities and casting will be announced at a later date.
Recordings
- See also: Wicked (Album)
A cast recording of the original Broadway production was released on December 16, 2003, by Universal Music. Wicked (Original Broadway Cast Recording contains the songs from the Tony award -winning American musical Wicked, A cast recording is a recording of a musical that is intended to document the songs as they were performed in the show and experienced by the audience Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Universal Music Group (UMG is the largest Business group and family of Record labels in the Recording industry. All of the songs featured on stage are present on the recording with the exception of "The Wizard And I (Reprise)" and "The Wicked Witch of the East". The short reprise of "No One Mourns The Wicked" that opens Act II is attached to the beginning of "Thank Goodness". [69] The music was arranged by Stephen Oremus, who was also the conductor and director, and James Lynn Abbott, with orchestrations by William David Brohn. Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures The title of music director or musical director is used by many Symphony orchestras to designate the primary conductor and artistic leader of the orchestra Orchestration is the study or practice of writing Music for Orchestra (or more loosely for any Musical ensemble) or of adapting for orchestra music composed William David Brohn ( 30 March 1933, Flint Michigan) is an award-winning arranger and orchestrator best known for his theatre scores of musicals such as [69] The recording received the Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album in 2005[70] and was certified platinum by the RIAA on November 30, 2006. The Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album has been awarded since 1959. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [71]
A German recording of the Stuttgart production was released on December 7, 2007, featuring a track listing and arrangements identical to those of the Broadway recording. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [72]
Although a London cast recording has been discussed, none has been recorded. It has also been noted that if a West End recording were to be released, Elphaba would be played by Kerry Ellis, rather than Idina Menzel who originated the part, both on Broadway and in the West End. Kerry Ellis (born May 6, 1979) is a British stage actress who recently starred as Elphaba in the West End production of the musical Idina Kim Menzel (born May 30 1971 is an American Tony Award winning Actress, Singer and Songwriter who achieved fame for her [73]
The Japanese cast recording will be released on July 23, 2008, featuring the Original Tokyo cast. [74]
Movie adaptation
In an interview with the UK Official Wicked Forums on iVillage, Maguire stated that "there will eventually be a film of Wicked the musical but probably not for four or five years". iVillage Inc is a media company that owns various girl and woman-oriented online and offline content channels including iVillage [75]
Notes
- ^Animal – When capitalised, "Animal" is used throughout the musical and Maguire's novel to refer to talking creatures. When begun with a lower-case letter, "animal" refers to creatures that have lost or never had the power of speech.
References
- ^ a b Wicked. Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Wicked cities. Wicked musical tour official website. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ "West End musical 'Wicked' launches with record-breaking sales", WICKED The Musical - UK, 2006-03-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable
- ^ a b c d Wicked. Talkin' Broadway. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ John Bucchino and the Origins of Wicked. MusicalSchwartz. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ a b Wicked - A Brief History. Wicked West End. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Winnie Holzman - Wicked's bookwriter. MusicalSchwartz. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Buckley, Michael. "STAGE TO SCREENS: A Chat with Wicked Nominee and TV Veteran Winnie Holzman", Playbill, 2004-06-06. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Wicked - Script. MusicalSchwartz. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Gregory Maguire (1995). Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West. ReganBooks. ISBN 0-0603-9144-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l David Cote (2005). Wicked: The Grimmerie: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Hit Broadway Musical. Hyperion. ISBN 1-4013-0820-1.
- ^ Macklin, Karen. "Witchy Ways", San Francisco Weekly, 2003-05-28. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Retrieved on 2007-11-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land
- ^ Stephanie J. Block, Star File. Broadway. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ a b Wicked - the Musical. Stage Agent. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wicked - Musical Themes. MusicalSchwartz. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Defying Gravity. Musicnotes. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Wicked reviews. New York Theatre Guide. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Wicked. Talkin' Broadway. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Isherwood, Charles. "Wicked Review", Variety, 2003-10-30. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Winer, Linda. "Broadway Review: "Wicked"", Newsday, 2003-10-31. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Lawson, Kyle. "The little musical that could A critical flop, 'Wicked' sets box-office records", The Arizona Republic, August 20, 2006. The Arizona Republic is a daily newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Spencer, Charles. "Flawed, but witches' spell still works", Daily Telegraph, 2006-09-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Billington, Michael. "Wicked: the musical", The Guardian, 2006-09-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ 2004 Tony Awards. BroadwayWorld. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ "Tony Awards 2004: The winners", BBC News, 2004-06-07. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ "'wicked' This Way Comes 6 Drama Desk Award Wins", The Hollywood Reporter, 2004-05-18. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ 2007 Drama Desk Award Winners. Drama Desk Awards. The Drama Desk Award, created in 1955, is an award which recognizes shows produced on Broadway, Off-Broadway, Off-off-Broadway, and Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ "Nominations announced for 2007 Laurence Olivier Awards", Society of London Theatre, 2007-01-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Wicked on Broadway. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Press release. Broadway official site. Retrieved on 2008-05-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ Ku, Andrew. "Broadway Grosses", Playbill, 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ "Wicked Has Highest Box Office Gross for Any Show in History - $1,610,934", BroadwayWorld. com, 2006-01-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ "Wicked Smashes Broadway Weekly Box Office Record", BroadwayWorld. com, 2006-11-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ "Wicked Smashes Records, Earning $11.2 Million in One Week", Broadway. com, 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2008-01-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina.
- ^ "Wicked Flies to 1,000th Broadway Performance, March 23", BroadwayWorld. com, 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ a b Gans, Andrew. "Wicked Tour Celebrates 1,000th Performance Aug. 15", Playbill Online, 2007-08-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Retrieved on 2008-02-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the
- ^ a b "Wicked Hits 1000th Chicago Performance Nov.14", BroadwayWorld. com, 2007-11-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Retrieved on 2008-01-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina.
- ^ Shenton, Mark. "Spinning the grosses… and spinning the gossip", The Stage, 2006-10-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ "Wicked 'sets record' for West End", BBC News, 2006-10-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ a b c "Harriet Thorpe in Morrible in West End Wicked April 14th", Wicked The Musical (UK), 2008-02-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Retrieved on 2008-04-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne
- ^ "At Every Window". This is the complete episode listing for the Anime series Red Garden. Red Garden. is a Japanese animated Television program produced by Gonzo studios and broadcast in Japan on TV Asahi since October 3 2006 2006-10-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse No. 5, season 1.
- ^ Whedon, Joss (w), Jeanty, Georges (p), Owens, Andy (i). Joseph Hill " Joss " Whedon ( born June 23, 1964 in New York City is an Academy Award -nominated and Hugo Award "Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight" The Long Way Home vol. Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight is a Comic book series published by Dark Horse Comics. " The Long Way Home " is the first arc from the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight series of Comic books, a direct continuation of the 3, #1 (2007-05-21) Dark Horse Comics
- ^ "Matriarchy". Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Dark Horse Comics is one of the largest independent American Comic book publishers behind dominant publishers Marvel Comics and DC Comics Brothers & Sisters. Brothers & Sisters is an American Dramatic television series which centers around the Upper-middle class Walker family and their lives in 2007-05-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held No. 23, season 1.
- ^ "Brothers". Brothers is the fifteenth episode from the dramedy series Ugly Betty, which aired on February 8 2007 Ugly Betty. Ugly Betty is an American television Comedy-drama series starring America Ferrera in the title role along with Eric Mabius 2007-02-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. No. 15, season 1.
- ^ "Something Wicked This Way Comes". Something Wicked This Way Comes is the sixth episode in season two of the dramedy series Ugly Betty, and the 29th episode in the series which aired on November 1 Ugly Betty. Ugly Betty is an American television Comedy-drama series starring America Ferrera in the title role along with Eric Mabius 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi No. 6, season 2.
- ^ "A “Wicked” Ugly Betty Episode", BroadwayWorld TV, 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Retrieved on 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
- ^ Behind the Emerald Curtain. Broadway in Chicago. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ What Is. Behind the Emerald Curtain. Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
- ^ a b 'Wicked' Shatters Box Office Records Worldwide.
- ^ "Wicked now longest-running musical in Chicago history", BroadwayWorld. com, 2007-06-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ Gans, Andrew (2005-03-23). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Wicked to Have Open-Ended Chicago Run. Playbill, Inc. . Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ a b Kleiman, Kelly. WICKED. AISLE SAY Chicago. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ George, Doug (2008-01-03). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. It's a wicked good week. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ Oxman, Steven. "Touring shows stay in the loop: Broadway in Chicago boost economy", Variety, 2007-01-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ a b Carter, Kelley L. . 'Wicked' actor ready for 1,000 more shows. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on 2007-11-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers
- ^ Wicked Now Longest-Running Musical in Chicago History. Broadwayworld. com. Wisdom Digital Media (2007-06-21). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Retrieved on 2007-01-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "Chicago's Wicked to Close in January 2009", Playbill, 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ "Wicked rehearsals start", Official London Theatre, Society of London Theatre, 2006-07-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "DIVA TALK: Chatting with Wicked and Rags Star Eden Espinosa", Playbill, 2006-12-01. Eden Erica Espinosa (born February 2, 1978 in Anaheim, California) is an American Singer and stage Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ a b Gans, Andrew. "Full production of Wicked likely to open in Japan in 2007", Playbill, 2006-07-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ Wicked Cities - Los Angeles. Wicked The Musical. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ "Wicked Breaks Los Angeles Box Office Records", BroadwayWorld. com, 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "Los Angeles Wicked Will Close in January 2009", Playbill, 2008-04-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Retrieved on 2008-04-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne
- ^ Wicked - die Hexen von Oz (German). Stage Entertainment. The musical production company Stage Entertainment is based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ "Melbourne braces for a Wicked musical", The Australian, 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ Wicked Musical. Front Row King. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "Harrison, Durack, Guest, Mills, Callea and Kirkpatrick to Star in Australia's Wicked", Playbill, 2008-02-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "Wicked to Play Open-Ended Run in San Francisco", Playbill, 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ a b (2003) Album notes for Wicked by Original Broadway Cast [CD liner]. Wicked (Original Broadway Cast Recording contains the songs from the Tony award -winning American musical Wicked, Universal Music. Universal Music Group (UMG is the largest Business group and family of Record labels in the Recording industry.
- ^ Jones, Kenneth. "Wicked's Cast Album Wins Grammy Award", Playbill, 2005-02-13. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ "WICKED Original Cast Recording Certified Platinum", BroadwayWorld. com, 2006-11-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration
- ^ (2007) Album notes for Wicked: Die Hexen von Oz by Ensemble Palladium Theater Stuttgart [CD liner]. Wicked (Original Broadway Cast Recording contains the songs from the Tony award -winning American musical Wicked, Universal Music. Universal Music Group (UMG is the largest Business group and family of Record labels in the Recording industry.
- ^ "Episode 37: Ball in our court", MusicalTalk, 2007-06-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Retrieved on 2008-01-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople.
- ^ ミュージカル『ウィキッド』日本語版ＣＤ製作中！ ((Japanese)). 劇団四季 (Shiki Theater Company) (2008-05-08). is one of Japan 's most well-known and largest theatre companies. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Retrieved on 2008-05-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
- ^ "An audience with Gregory Maguire", iVillage. Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to
External links
- Official production sites
- Wicked at the Internet Broadway Database
- Wicked at MusicalSchwartz. The Internet Broadway Database ( IBDB) is an online Database of Broadway theatre productions and their personnel com, the official Stephen Schwartz fan site
- Wicked casting information at StageAgent. com
- Wicked Obsession Project
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