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Whole grains are cereal grains that retain the bran and germ as well as the endosperm, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm. Bran is the hard outer layer of Grain and consists of combined Aleurone and Pericarp. The germ is the "heart" of the Cereal kernel the Embryo of the Seed. Endosperm is the tissue produced in the Seeds of most Flowering plants around the time of fertilization Refined grains, in contrast to Whole grains, refers to grain products consisting of grains or grain Flours that have been significantly modified from their natural Whole-meal products are made from whole-grain flour. Flour is a powder made of Cereal grains It is the key ingredient of Bread, which is a staple food in many countries and therefore the availability

Common whole-grain products include oatmeal, popcorn, brown rice, whole-wheat flour, sprouted grains, and whole-wheat bread. Breakfast cereal health benefits There has been increasing interest in oatmeal in recent years due to its beneficial health effects Popcorn or popping corn is a type of corn which explodes from the kernel and puffs up when heated Brown rice (or "hulled rice" is unmilled or partly milled Rice, a kind of Whole grain. Whole wheat flour is a powdery substance derived by Grinding or mashing the wheat's Whole grain. Bread is a Staple food prepared by Baking a Dough of Flour and Water. Common refined-grain products include white rice, white bread, hominy, and pasta (although whole-grain varieties of pasta are available). White rice is the name given to milled Rice which has had its Husk, Bran, and germ removed White bread is Bread made from Wheat flour from which the Bran and often the germ have been removed in contrast to Whole wheat Hominy or nixtamal is dried maize (corn kernels which have been treated with an Alkali of some kind Pasta ( Italian for "dough" is a generic term for Italian variants of Noodles.

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Identifying whole-grain products

Whole grain products can be identified by the ingredient list. Typically, if the ingredient lists "whole wheat," "wholemeal," or "whole corn" as the first ingredient, the product is a whole-grain food item. On the other hand, terms such as "enriched" and "bromated," among others, could indicate that the food lacks whole grain. [1]

"Wheat flour" (as opposed to "whole-grain wheat flour" or "whole-wheat flour") as the first ingredient is not a clear indicator of the product's whole grain content. If two ingredients are listed as grain products but only the second is listed as whole grain, the entire product may contain between 1% and 49% whole grain. [1] Many breads are colored brown (often with molasses) and made to look like whole grain, but are not. Molasses or Treacle is a thick Syrup by-product from the processing of the Sugarcane or Sugar beet into Sugar. In addition, some food manufacturers make foods with whole-grain ingredients, but, because whole-grain ingredients are not the dominant ingredient, they are not whole-grain products. Contrary to popular belief, fiber is not indicative of whole-grains. The amount of fiber varies from grain to grain, and some products may have things like bran, peas, or other foods added to boost the fiber content. [2]

Other misleading descriptions include:

These do not correspond to any government standards (see below) and thus imply nothing about the product's nutritional makeup. [2]

In Canada, it is legal to advertise any food product as "whole wheat" with up to 70% of the germ removed. [3] While the resulting product will contain the benefit of fiber in the nutritional information, it lacks the more recently-discovered health benefits of antioxidants found in the wheat germ. Canadian consumers can be assured of whole-grain products by a label stating 100% whole grain whole wheat.

Whole grains are often more expensive than refined grains because their higher oil content is susceptible to rancidification, complicating processing, storage, and transport. Rancidification is the decomposition of Fats Oils and other Lipids by Hydrolysis or Oxidation, or both

Similar to the distinction between whole and refined grains is that between whole pulses and refined dal. Pulses are annual leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve Grains or Seeds of variable size shape and color within a Pod, according Dal (also spelled dahl, dhal or daal) ( Devanagari दाल Telugu పప్పు Bangla দ্দাল is a preparation

From AACC (American Association of Cereal Chemists) definition: "Whole grains shall consist of the intact, ground, cracked or flaked caryopsis, whose principal anatomical components - the starchy endosperm, germ and bran - are present in the same relative proportions as they exist in the intact caryopsis. ”

U. S. Standards of Identity

The following names indicate whole-grain products, in accordance with the federal government:[4][5][6]

Health benefits

Whole grains are nutritionally superior to refined grains, richer in dietary fiber, antioxidants, protein (although notably low in the amino acid lysine), dietary minerals (including magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and selenium), and vitamins (including niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin E). A standard of identity for a food product is the legal terminology used in the United States for a government regulation thumb|right|200px|Macaroni thumb|right|200px|Macaroni and cheese Macaroni is a kind of moderately extended machine-made dry Pasta. Spaghetti is a long thin cylindrical Pasta of Italian origin A variety of pasta dishes are based on it from spaghetti with cheese and pepper or garlic and Vermicelli (ˌvɜrmɪˈtʃɛli in English, Arabic: شعريه from Italian /veɾmiˈtʃɛlːi/ lit The graham cracker was developed in 1822 in Bound Brook New Jersey, by Presbyterian minister Rev Durum wheat or macaroni wheat (also spelled Durhum Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum durum) is the only Tetraploid species of Wheat Bulgur (also bulghur or burghul)(from Turkish bulgur, known as πλιγούρι, pligoúri, in Greek and Nutrition (also called nourishment or aliment) is the provision to cells and Organisms of the materials necessary (in the form of food to support Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the Digestive system, absorbing water and easing Defecation. An antioxidant is a Molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an α- Amino acid with the Chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2(CH24NH2 Dietary minerals are the Chemical elements required by living Organisms other than the four elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 Selenium (səˈliniəm is a Chemical element with the Atomic number 34 represented by the chemical symbol Se, an atomic mass of 78 A vitamin is an Organic compound required as a Nutrient in tiny amounts by an Organism. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease Pellagra. Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble Vitamin. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP is the active form and is a cofactor in many reactions of Amino acid metabolism including Tocopherol, a class of chemical compounds of which many have Vitamin E activity describes a series of Organic compounds consisting of various methylated phenols Manufacturers are sometimes required by law to fortify refined grain products to make up for the loss of vitamins and minerals.

The greater amount of dietary fiber, as much as four times that found in refined grains, is likely the most important benefit, as it has been shown to reduce the incidence of some forms of cancer, digestive system diseases, gum disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of Coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to Cardiac muscle and surrounding Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc Obesity is a condition in which excess Body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected Some of these protective effects occur because carbohydrates from whole grains are digested and enter the bloodstream more slowly (as measured by the glycemic index). Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most The Glycemic index (also glycaemic index) or GI is a measure of the effects of Carbohydrates on Blood glucose levels Many health studies[3] have shown that whole grains have numerous cardiovascular benefits.

One of the first in the western hemisphere to endorse and encourage the eating of whole grains instead of refined grains was Dr. Thomas Allinson, a British physician. Thomas Richard Allinson (1858 &ndash 1918 was a British doctor dietetic reformer business man and journalist

Flour, Glycemic Index and Insulin Resistance

When searching for whole-grain foods, it is important to note that any products made with flour can have the same effect on blood sugar, whether the flour is produced from whole grains or not. Flour is a powder made of Cereal grains It is the key ingredient of Bread, which is a staple food in many countries and therefore the availability Blood sugar, used in a physiological context is a misnomer and misleading For example, whole-grain wheat bread and white bread can have the same glycemic index. The Glycemic index (also glycaemic index) or GI is a measure of the effects of Carbohydrates on Blood glucose levels Grinding grains into flour increases the surface area upon which enzymes work to more quickly convert starch into glucose. Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins Starch, CAS # 9005-25-8 Chemical formula (C6H10O5n is a Polysaccharide Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. Keeping grains as close to their original form as possible slows or prevents the digestion of starch, and a slower digestion is responsible for preventing spikes in blood sugar (which over time may lead to insulin resistance). Insulin resistance is the condition in which normal amounts of Insulin are inadequate to produce a normal Insulin response from Fat, Muscle [7]

References

  1. ^ Whole Grains Council - Intro to Whole Grains. Retrieved on 2007-10-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated
  2. ^ Whole Grains Council - Identifying Whole Grain Products. Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  3. ^ Schwartz, Rosie. A whole grain of truth. Retrieved on 2007-05-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor.
  4. ^ 21 CFR 136 (HTML). Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  5. ^ 21 CFR 137 (HTML). Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  6. ^ 21 CFR 139 (HTML). Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  7. ^ Glycemic Index – From Research to Nutrition Recommendations?. Retrieved on 2007-07-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

See also

External links

The Whole Grain Stamp was created by the Whole Grains Council and a panel of scientific and culinary advisors in January 2005 as a visual marker to signal products that contain dietarily-significant Alkylresorcinols are phenolic Lipids present in high amounts in the Bran layer (e "Whole Foods" redirects here See also Whole Foods Market and Whole food supplements.
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