White Nationalism advocates a racial definition (or redefinition) of white national identity, as opposed to multiculturalism. Racialism is an emphasis on race or racial considerations Racialism entails a belief in the existence and significance of racial categories but not necessarily in a The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified The contemporary movement in the United States is a reaction to the apparent decline (based on US census projections) in white demographics, politics and culture. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [1] According to Samuel Francis, a key white nationalist writer, it is "a movement that rejects equality as an ideal and insists on an enduring core of human nature transmitted by heredity. Samuel Todd Francis ( April 29, 1947 &ndash February 15, 2005) was an anti-capitalist paleoconservative Columnist "[2] Anti-racist organizations generally have argued that ideas such as white pride and white nationalism exist merely to provide a sanitized public face for white supremacy. Anti-racism includes beliefs actions movements and policies adopted or developed to oppose Racism. White pride is a slogan used primarily in the United States and Canada to agitate for a white European racial identity and is White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups. [3]
The goal of white nationalism is to appeal to a larger audience. This has been done through the repackaging, relabeling, and transformation of white supremacy into something that would appeal to a broader, more educated audience. Many appear as nonviolent groups working for separatism. [4]
Supporters see themselves defending the legitimate civil rights of white people against society's alleged racial double standards. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. [5] Jared Taylor, another key writer in the movement, claims similar racial views were held by many mainstream American leaders before the 1950s. Samuel Jared Taylor (born 1951 of Oakton Virginia, is an American Journalist and an advocate of race-realist explanations for the sociological and economic The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive [6] Opponents accuse them of hatred, racial bigotry and destructive identity politics. Identity politics is Political action to advance the interests of members of a group whose members are oppressed by virtue of a shared and marginalized Identity (such [1][7]
According to Samuel P. Huntington, the modern movement is increasingly cultured, intellectual and academically trained. Samuel Phillips Huntington (born April 18, 1927) is an American political scientist who gained prominence through his " Clash of Civilizations [8] Rather than espouse violence, they use statistics and social science data to argue for a self-conscious white identity. The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies [9] They say a natural hierarchy should triumph over the "false promise of egalitarianism"[10] and that the downfall of white dominance spells doom for representative government, the rule of law and freedom of speech. Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have [11]
A point of contention for white nationalists and opponents alike is the issue of "white" identity. While the common definition of a singular "white" or "European" race is largely an anthropological archaism, many white nationalists continue to hold this belief, as the white nationalist movement depends on the existence of such a categorization.
Supporters say they stand for racial self-preservation and claim culture itself is a product of race. [12] As a result, according to Huntington, they say the demographic shift in the US towards non-whites brings a new culture that is intellectually and morally inferior. [13] With it comes affirmative action, immigrant ghettos and declining educational standards. Affirmative action in the United States|Employment equity (Canada|Reservation in India|Numerus clausus The term affirmative action describes many policies aimed at a historically Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term [14] By challenging established policy on immigration, civil rights and racial integration, they seek to build bridges with moderately conservative white citizens. [15]
White separatism and supremacism are two smaller subgroups within white nationalism. White separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for White people. White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups. [5] The former seek a separate white nation-state, while the latter add ideas from social Darwinism and Nazism to their ideology. Social Darwinism is a theory that competition among all individuals groups nations or ideas drives Social evolution in human societies Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German [16] Some white nationalists deny they are in either category. [17] Both schools of thought generally avoid the term "supremacy", saying it has negative connotations. [18]
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White nationalism has a long tradition in English-speaking countries. According to one view, it is a product of the modern centralized state's emergence in the West, like all nationalisms. [19] The term originated as a self-description by some groups, primarily in the United States, to describe their belief in a racially defined collective identity of white or Caucasian people. Racialism is an emphasis on race or racial considerations Racialism entails a belief in the existence and significance of racial categories but not necessarily in a White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. The Caucasian race, sometimes the Caucasoid race, is a term of Racial classification, coined around 1800 by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach for the " In the past, xenophobic ethnic policies may be seen as congruent to white nationalism. Xenophobia is an intense and/or irrational dislike and sometimes fear of people from other countries
In the 19th and early 20th century racial definitions of the American nation were common, resulting in race-specific immigration restrictions, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act. The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law passed on May 6 1882 following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868 The 1915 film Birth of a Nation was an allegorical invocation of white nationalism, for example. The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman) a Silent film directed by D [20]
Also, the White Australia ideal was semi-official policy in Australia for many decades. The White Australia policy is a term used to describe a collection of historical policies that intentionally restricted non-white Immigration to Australia from In South Africa, it was championed by the New National Party[21] starting in 1948, as the struggle over apartheid heated up. [22] In recent years, the Internet has provided an expansion of audiences for white nationalism. [23]
White nationalism in the US combines elements of American racial nationalism and race-based identity politics. Identity politics is Political action to advance the interests of members of a group whose members are oppressed by virtue of a shared and marginalized Identity (such Starting in the 1960s, it grew as the conservative movement developed in mainstream society. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 [24] Samuel Huntington argues that it developed as a reaction to a perceived decline in the essence of American identity as European, Anglo-Protestant and English-speaking. Samuel Huntington is a human name and may refer to Samuel Huntington (statesman (1731-1796 American jurist statesman and revolutionary leader [25] Some American white nationalists, for example, say immigration must be restricted to selected people of European ancestry. [26]
White nationalists say every nationality feels a natural affection for its own kind. [27] Thus they believe in a common identity, common interests, and common political action for white people. This identity is valid for the entire white population, but not an obligation for others. This worldview is often influenced by late 19th-century romantic racial nationalism. Romantic nationalism (also National Romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of Nationalism in which the state derives
Most supporters say 'white nationalism' refers to political activities within an existing country. They have not necessarily rejected their existing national identity and allegiance, nor that they seek to destroy existing states. They see themselves as patriotic preservers of European history and culture. Patriotism is commonly defined as love of and/or devotion to one's country In other words, their racial identity coincides with this patriotism: For them, everything that is good about their homeland is white.
The present form of American white nationalism, inclusive of Caucasian immigrant groups, is relatively recent. Conversely, "white nationalism" in Europe normally indicates a racial variant of an existing ethnic nationalism. For example, the British National Party opposes large-scale immigration of Russians and Poles, even though they are white. They see the true British nation as consisting of only white British people.
Some white nationalists support a territorially defined white separatism, the belief that white and non-white people should reside in separate territories (and not just lead separate social lives). White separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for White people. Like the Volksstaat proposal, it would require migration of whites to a remote and thinly populated location. Der Volksstaat, central organ of the German Social Democratic Workers Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands However, some other forms of white separatism proposed by white nationalists take the form of far-reaching racial segregation within an existing nation-state. For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy
White nationalists define 'white' in a restricted way. In the United States, it implies European ancestry, self-identification with European culture and European ethnicity. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. Likewise, the neologism European-American is a contrast with Asian-American and African-American. A European American (Euro-American is a person who resides in the United States and is either from Europe or is the descendant of European immigrants Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa A growing number of white nationalists reject the definition of white as being restricted to Europeans, and not only embrace all Europeans, but Latin American whites and biological whites in the Middle East and West Asia, such as Iranians, Turks and northern Arabs such as Syrians and Lebanese, as well as unmixed North African Berbers (called by their Berber name "Amazigh" in both the white nationalist and Berber nationalist movement).
Southern Middle Easterners such as Saudi Arabians, etc. are generally not accepted due to their perceived black and Dravidic origins, but individual nationalists make individual exceptions. Likewise they do not accept most South Asian Caucasoids such as Indians and Pakistanis, but again there are individual exceptions.
These Pan Aryans argue that since whites are indeed a shrinking minority, it is essential that all biological whites be united. They further state that since nearly all WNs believe that race is an objective biological concept, it is irrational and self-defeating to reject any biological white based on geography, religion, mere custom or an irrefutable presumption of racial mixture based on mere physical proximity to non-white people. They further argue that every white nationalist has an inflexible moral duty to raise the racial awareness of all whites. Pan Aryans usually reject the identification of "European" and prefer to be called "Aryan" or simply "white".
There is no corresponding 'European' ethnicity in Europe itself. In fact, some opponents of the European Union question its legitimacy, precisely because there is no corresponding ethnic or cultural group. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in [28] Despite their self-definition as 'European', many American white nationalists would not regard all descendants of European immigrants as "white". Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term For an acceptable definition, white nationalists draw primarily on 19th-century racial taxonomy, which neither reached a consensus on racial categories nor is accepted by geneticists. Scientific racism denotes the use of scientific or ostensibly scientific findings and methods to support or validate racist attitudes and worldviews Genetics (from Ancient Greek grc-Latn genetikos, “genitive” and that from grc-Latn genesis, “origin” a discipline of Biology, is (For example, geneticist Neil Risch classifies racial groups in a way that few white nationalists would accept; Jews, Germans and Pakistanis are all Caucasoid. Neil Risch is an American human Geneticist and professor at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF The Caucasian race, sometimes the Caucasoid race, is a term of Racial classification, coined around 1800 by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach for the " )[29]
Different variants of racial-origin theories, such as Nordicism and Germanism, define different groups as 'white', both excluding some Southern and Eastern Europeans because of perceived racial taint[3]. The Nordic race was one of the racial categories into which the Europeans were divided by anthropologists in the first half of the twentieth century Pan-Germanism (Pangermanismus or Alldeutsche Bewegung was a political movement of the 19th century aiming for unity of the German -speaking peoples of Europe Pan Aryanism — itself originally a component of Nazi race theories — defines most Europeans as Aryan-origin whites. Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Some white nationalists use the term 'Pan-Europeanism' for a definition including all European ethnic groups.
Other white nationalists hope that population genetics will provide clear criteria for 'white'. Population genetics is the study of the Allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four evolutionary forces Natural selection, Genetic Some have adopted a definition based on the Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b. In Human genetics, Haplogroup R1b is the most frequent Y-chromosome Haplogroup in Western Europe This marker is prevalent in most Western European populations, possibly reflecting the re-expansion into Europe of a smaller human population in Southern Europe, after the last ice age. In biology a refugium (plural refugia is a location of an isolated or Relict Population of a once widespread animal or plant species An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets
Opponents to white nationalism charge that white nationalists are in fact white supremacists, Ku Klux Klan members or white power skinheads, and that white nationalists are not so much interested in their own 'white heritage' as in power over non-whites. White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups. Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are White power skinheads are a racist, and often also anti-semitic, offshoot of the Skinhead Subculture that originated in Great Britain White nationalism is sometimes described as a reaction by whites who believe they are disenfranchised by the rise of liberal multicultural ideologies based on tolerance and multiculturalism, as well as the gains of other racial and ethnic groups against the majority white population in many Western nations. Reactionary (also reactionist) is a derogatory term usually used by the Left wing in regards to movements which oppose radical change in society and seeks a return Disenfranchisement or disfranchisement is the revocation of the right of Suffrage (the right to vote to a person or group of people or rendering a person's vote The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified An ideology is a set of beliefs aims and Ideas especially in politics The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified
White nationalists respond that they are simply organizing in ways similar to organizations such as the NAACP and other groups that are generally not seen as controversial, and that to accuse white-nationalist groups of racism while approving of, or tolerating, other racially oriented groups is hypocritical and racist towards white people. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations Racism in the United States has been a major issue since the colonial era A European American (Euro-American is a person who resides in the United States and is either from Europe or is the descendant of European immigrants Kofi Buenor Hadjor responds by stating that black nationalism is rather the response to white nationalism, while white nationalism is the expression of white supremacy. Black nationalism (BN advocates a racial definition (or redefinition of black national identity as opposed to Multiculturalism. [30] Some white nationalists respond to the accusation of white supremacism by saying that they are white separatists, and that separation precludes domination of one group by another. White separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for White people.
Critics point out that while posturing as civil rights groups advocating the interests of their ethnic or racial group, white nationalist groups frequently draw on the nativist traditions of the American Ku Klux Klan and the British National Front. Nativism is an Opposition to immigration which originated in United States politics with roots in the country's historic role as a Melting pot. Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are The British National Front (most commonly called the National Front, and often known as the NF) is a British Political party whose major political [31]
Anyone can call himself a 'white nationalist'. The term "white nationalist" has been used by neo-Nazi, white supremacy, and Christian Identity groups, which have differing ideologies but share an identification with the white race. The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups. For the general identity of an individual with certain core essential religious doctrines see Christianity.
The American Renaissance[32], Council of Conservative Citizens[33][34], the National Alliance[35][36] and National Vanguard[37] are four examples of groups in the United States that self-identify as white nationalist, but have been categorized as white supremacist and racist groups by such organizations as the SPLC and the ADL. For the magazine about renaissance faires see Renaissance Magazine American Renaissance (abbreviated AR or AmRen) is a monthly The Council of Conservative Citizens ( CofCC) is an American Right-wing organization that supports a large variety of conservative causes along with The National Alliance is a White nationalist and White separatist Radical political organization The United States of America —commonly referred to as the List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that The Southern Poverty Law Center ( SPLC) is an American Non-profit legal organization internationally known for its tolerance education programs its legal The Anti-Defamation League ( ADL) is an Interest group founded in 1913 by B'nai B'rith in the United States whose stated aim is "to stop
In Europe, nationalist parties such as France's Front National, Germany's National Democratic Party and Belgium's Vlaams Belang promote nationalism and oppose immigration (especially non-white immigration), but do not describe themselves as "white nationalist". The National Democratic Party of Germany (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands NPD is a German pan-German nationalist and White nationalist political Vlaams Belang ( English: Flemish Interest) is an anti-immigration right-wing Political party in the Flemish Community of Belgium In most European nation-states, the nation is traditionally defined by ancestry and long-term association of a single ethnic group with the national homeland. For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy If that ethnic group is already 'white' - as for instance with the Germans in Germany - then additional definition as 'white' is superfluous. In countries with a longer history of mass immigration, as in Britain, some definitions of the national identity now include immigrants. Since the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1922 there has been substantial Immigration from other parts of The world. It is when this redefinition is disputed, that ethnic or racial limits on the composition of the nation become a political issue.