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"White Russia" (Belarusian: Белая Русь ~ English: White Ruthenia) is a name that has historically been applied to various regions in Eastern Europe, most often to that which roughly corresponds to present-day Belarus. The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east In English, the use of "White Russia" to refer to Belarus is dated. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Many other languages, however, continue to use a literal translation of "White Russia" to refer to Belarus. Because the term "White Russian" has the alternative (and potentially confusing) meanings of the post-Russian Revolution, anti-Communist White movement or White emigre - with perceived Russian imperialism that came with them - some people in Belarus consider the name "White Russia" to be derogatory. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them Anti-communism refers to opposition to Communism. Historically the word "communism" has been used to refer to several types of communal social organization and The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Imperialism has two meanings one describing an action and the other describing an attitude

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Meaning of the name and its translation

The name "White Russia" is a literal, although not entirely correct translation of the names Belaya Rus (Белая Русь). The problem with this translation is that the name "White Russia" seems to suggest that this territory is related to the present-day Russian Federation, whereas it has nothing to do with the Russian Federation, but is related to the ancient lands of Ruthenia (or Rus’—see also Etymology of Rus and derivatives). Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Ruthenia is a geographic and culturo-ethnic name applied to the parts of Eastern Europe populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to the past various

Ruthenia is the latinized version of Kievan Rus’, a 9th to 12th-century state that existed in the territories of modern-day Belarus, Ukraine, and part of western Russia and eastern Poland. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland

Although Belarus translates to White Russia in many modern languages for historic reasons (starting from Russian Belorussiya and most Germanic languages), the equation of Rus’ and Russia is controversial today and is disputed by a number of historians. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Many Belarusians rankle at its implications on their national self-determination, particularly in the light of imperial Russian and Soviet rhetoric calling for the reunification of "one indivisible Russia". The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia.

Conversely, in some languages there is a clear distinction between the two words ("Russia" and the ancient "Rus"). For example:

An example of the use of this word in present day can be found in the German Embassy website of Australia, acknowledging both "White Russia" and Belarus as the same country. The German Chancellor used the term "Weissrussland" ("White Russia") in her speech to the European Council Summit in March 2007, suggesting the term is current in German.

History

Many other variants of this name appeared in ancient maps: for instance, Russia Alba, Russija Alba, Wit Rusland, Weiss Reussen, White Russia, Hvite Russland, Hvíta Rússland, Weiss Russland, Ruthenia Alba, Ruthenie Blanche and Weiss Ruthenien (Weißruthenien), assigned to various territories, often quite distant from that of present Belarus. For example, at one time the term was applied to Novgorod. Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod

Only by the late 16th century did it become a name for the area of the present Belarus. Until this time and for a long time afterwards the population of this territory (Belarusians) were known as Litvins (i. Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also e. , Lithuanians), by the name of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, into which the land had been integrated since the 13th - 14th centuries, or as Ruthenians, by the name of the Ruthenian state which this area used to belong to. Lithuanians are the Baltic Ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje The term Ruthenians (Русини Rusyny) is a culturally loaded term and has different meanings according to the context in which it is used Ruthenia is a geographic and culturo-ethnic name applied to the parts of Eastern Europe populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to the past various

The origins of the name are somewhat unclear, but it may have had its origins in the efforts made by Russia's tsars to distinguish themselves from their predecessors in Rome and Byzantium (on the basis that Russia was the "Third Rome"). Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The term Third Rome describes the idea that some European city or state is the successor to the legacy of the Roman Empire, with Byzantium being the "second The Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii by Sigismund von Herberstein explains that the Muscovite rulers wore white robes to distinguish themselves from the purple of the Roman rulers and the red of the Byzantines. Notes on Muscovite Affairs ( Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii) (1549 was a Latin book by Baron Sigismund von Herberstein on the geography history Siegmund (Sigismund Freiherr von Herberstein, (or Baron Sigismund von Herberstein) ( August 23, 1486 &ndash March 28, 1566) was The Russian Tsar was thus called the "White Tsar": Sunt qui principem Moscovuiae Album Regem nuncupant. Ego quidem causam diligenter quaerebam, cur Regis Albi nomine appellaretur, or Weisse Reyssen oder weissen Khünig nennen etliche unnd wöllen damit ain underscheid der Reyssen machen (from Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii).

The Tsar himself was often called the "Great White Tsar", while he included among his official titles the style (literal translation): "The Sovereign of all Rus': the Great, the Little, and the White". Great Russia (Великороссия Velikorossiya) is an obsolete name formerly applied to the territories of "Russia proper" the land that formed the core Little Russia, sometimes Little or Lesser Rus’ ( Malorossiya; Mala Rus’) was the name applied to parts of the territory of modern-day This appellation, together with the solemn wording "White Tsardom", was in use till the very end of the Russian Empire. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Ultimately, this colour was transferred onto the name of the counter-revolutionary White Army that fought against the Red Army. The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya

Alternatively, it may have its origins in the four colored cardinal directions used in many central Asian cultures, where white is an indicator for west.

It is noteworthy that some other peoples have been referred to by colour. There have been White, Red and Black Croats (White Croats and White Croatia were in today's Croatia, western Bosnia and Herzegovina and in south-east Poland and western Ukraine, beyond the Carpathians; Red Croats and Red Croatia were in today's south-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina and southern Montenegro, and in area beyond the Don river; Black Croats in today's north-east Czech Republic); White Serbs in today's East Germany. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries White Croats ( Byelohravati) is the designation for one group of Slavic (Croatian tribes which migrated to Dalmatia (the coastal part of today's Croatia White Croatia (also Chrobatia) is an ill-defined area said to lie somewhere in Central Europe, near Bavaria, beyond Hungary, and adjacent to Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Red Croatia ( Latin: Croatia Rubea, Croatian: Crvena Hrvatska) was a name that a medieval document designated to the initial Slavonic Red Croatia ( Latin: Croatia Rubea, Croatian: Crvena Hrvatska) was a name that a medieval document designated to the initial Slavonic Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The Don (Дон is one of the major rivers of Russia. It rises in the town of Novomoskovsk 60 Kilometres southeast from Tula, southeast The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Sorbs (Serbja Serby also known as Wends, Lusatian Sorbs or Lusatian Serbs, are a Slavic people settled in Lusatia Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. In the People's Republic of China Red, Black, and Green Miao are known. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The terms Hmong (m̥ɔ̃ŋ and Mong ( both refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southern China.

There is also a region historically known as Black Ruthenia (Black Russia, Чорная Русь). Black Ruthenia, Black Rus' or Black Russia are variant term used for a region around Novgorodok (Navahrudak in the western part of contemporary Belarus It covers Northwestern lands of modern-day Belarus: Hrodna, Slonim, Navahradak, Vaukavysk, and partly Minsk region. Slonim ( Belarusian: Сло́нім is a city in Belarus in the Hrodna voblast and Slonim Rayon, located at the junction of the Shchara Navahrudak, Novgorodok or Novogrudok (Навагрудак nava'ɣrudak Новогрудок also known as Nowogródek and Naugardukas is a city in the Hrodna Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers

See also

External links

Great Russia (Великороссия Velikorossiya) is an obsolete name formerly applied to the territories of "Russia proper" the land that formed the core Little Russia, sometimes Little or Lesser Rus’ ( Malorossiya; Mala Rus’) was the name applied to parts of the territory of modern-day The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard In most societies and by some anthropologists color terminology was used to label races sometimes in addition to a non-color term for the same race.

Dictionary

White Russia

-proper noun

  1. (historical) Literal name of Belarus, a country in Eastern Europe.
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