The White House Plumbers or simply the Plumbers is the popular name given to the covert White House Special Investigations Unit established July 24, 1971 during the presidency of Richard Nixon. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Its job was to stop the leaking (hence "plumbers") of classified information to the news media during the Nixon administration. A news leak is a disclosure of embargoed information in advance of its official release or the unsanctioned release of confidential information Its members branched into more nefarious projects working for the Committee to Re-elect the President (CRP, or CREEP), including the Watergate break-ins and the ensuing Watergate scandal. The Committee to Re-elect the President, often abbreviated to CRP or CREEP (an acronym used derisively by critics of the Nixon administration was a Nixon The Watergate burglaries, which took place on May 28 and June 17, 1972, have been cited in testimony media accounts and popular works on Watergate as The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's
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History
The Plumbers was in response to the publication of The Pentagon Papers in The New York Times, beginning June 13, 1971. The Pentagon Papers is the popular name for a 14000-page top-secret United States government report about the history of the Government's internal planning and policy Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. These documents detailed the history of U. S. involvement in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Initially, White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman downplayed the matter to Nixon, stating that the information mainly made the Kennedy and Johnson administrations look bad. Harry Robbins Haldeman (publicly known as H R Haldeman, and informally as Bob Haldeman) ( October 27, 1926 &ndash November 12, John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of However, National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger and special counsel Charles Colson advocated a severe response to the massive leak1 in the form of publicly discrediting the leaker of the papers, former State Department and Defense Department analyst Daniel Ellsberg. The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, commonly referred to as the National Security Adviser (abbreviated NSA, or sometimes ANSA Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German -born American bureaucrat diplomat and 1973 Kingdoms in Conflict (1988 but I don't know where--> Charles (Chuck Wendell Colson (born October 16 The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Daniel Ellsberg (born April 7 1931 is a former American military Analyst employed by the RAND Corporation who precipitated a national political controversy
On July 1, David Young joined the White House and together with Egil Krogh penned a memorandum to Nixon advisors Haldeman and John Ehrlichman advocating the formation of a White House Special Investigations Unit. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. David R Young Jr (born November 10, 1936, Jersey City, New Jersey) was a special assistant at the National Security Council in the Nixon Egil “Bud” Krogh Jr (born in Chicago, Illinois, United States is a lawyer who came to prominence as a Nixon Administration official who went Haldeman and Ehrlichman discuss policy 1973png|thumb|200px|right|"The Berlin Wall" of Ehrlichman and Haldeman on April 27, 1973 three days before they would be asked to resign 2 Haldeman and Ehrlichman agreed to the plan and obtained the approval of Nixon. Young was put in charge of the unit and reported to Krogh. The nickname the "Plumbers" came to being when Young posted his name on his office door which read "David R. Young/Plumber". 3
Members
The Plumbers came to include several Watergate figures. E. Howard Hunt was recommended by Colson and G. Gordon Liddy was recommended by Krogh. Everette Howard Hunt Jr ( October 9 1918 – January 23 2007) was an American Author and spy. George Gordon Battle Liddy (born November 30, 1930) was the chief operative for the White House Plumbers unit that existed during several years of Liddy coined his own sensitivity indicator for the group in the form of "ODESSA" for "Organization Directed to Eliminate the Subversion of the Secrets of the Administration". Sensitive information is Information or Knowledge that might result in loss of an advantage or level of security if revealed ( disclosed) to others 4 The name reflects Liddy's admiration for Nazi-style intelligence operations as ODESSA was also the name of a Nazi fugitive network. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German
Another member of the group was its liaison to the CIA, John Paisley. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all John Arthur Paisley (died September 24 1978) was an employee of the Central Intelligence Agency and has been linked in later years to both the John In recent years Paisley's involvement has led to speculation the CIA had a far greater hand in the operations of the Plumbers than originally thought at the time. What is known is Paisley was assigned to the CIA's Office of Security (OS), of which Hunt was once a member. On August 9, 1971, David Young's memo indicates he met with Paisley and OS Director Howard Osborn in which Paisley provided a list of objectives for the Special Investigations Unit. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. 5
Operations
The Plumbers' first task was the burglary of the office of Daniel Ellsberg's Los Angeles psychiatrist, Lewis J. Daniel Ellsberg (born April 7 1931 is a former American military Analyst employed by the RAND Corporation who precipitated a national political controversy Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Fielding, in an effort to uncover evidence to discredit Ellsberg. The operation was reportedly unsuccessful in finding Ellsberg's file and was so reported to the White House. However, Fielding himself stated the file was in his office, he found it on the floor on the morning after the burglary and quite clearly someone had gone through it. 6 In a September 1971 conversation, Ehrlichman advised Nixon, “We had one little operation. It’s been aborted out in Los Angeles which, I think, is better that you don’t know about. " Eventually, the case against Ellsberg was dismissed due to government misconduct.
Aside from the Fielding burglary there are scarce few other activities the Plumbers were known to have been engaged in. Hunt reportedly looked into the Ted Kennedy Chappaquiddick incident and Liddy reported purported Kennedy administration involvement in the assassination of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem. The "Chappaquiddick incident" refers to the death of Mary Jo Kopechne, a former campaign worker for the assassinated U "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia 7
After the California break-in, Liddy was recruited by White House Counsel John Dean to perform an intelligence gathering operation for CRP. John Wesley Dean III (born October 14, 1938) was White House Counsel to U Liddy was transferred to CRP and involved Hunt in the operations which would later include the Watergate burglary.
Notes
- Note 1: Hougan, Jim (1984). Secret Agenda. Random House. ISBN 0-394-51428-9. p. 29-30
- Note 2: Ibid. p. 32-34
- Note 3: Ibid. p. 36
- Note 4: Liddy, G. Gordon (1980). Will. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-88014-6. p. 147-148
- Note 5: Hougan, Secret Agenda, p. 38-40
- Note 6: Ibid. p. 47
- Note 7: Liddy, Will, p. 149
Additional Sources
- The Watergate Files. The Watergate Files presented by The Gerald R. Ford Museum & Library. Retrieved on March 6, 2005.
- G. Gordon Liddy deposition on December 6, 1996 in Maureen K. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Dean and John W. Dean v. St. Martin's Press et al United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Case No. 92 1807 (HHG) [1]
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