|
|
 |
|
| Capital | Padang |
| Governor | Gamawan Fauzi |
| Area | 42,297. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The Minangkabau language ( autonym: Baso Minang(kabau; Indonesian: Bahasa Minangkabau) is an Austronesian language, spoken by ||-||-||}The Province ( Indonesian: provinsi or propinsi) is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Padang (means field) is the capital and largest city of West Sumatra, Indonesia. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 30 km² (16,331 sq mi) |
| Population | 4,241,000 |
| Density | 100. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3 /km² (260 /sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | Minangkabau (88%), Batak (4%), Javanese (4%), Mentawai (1%)[1] |
| Religion | Islam (98%), Christian (1. The Minangkabau ethnic group (also known as Minang or Padang) is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia. Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of ethnic groups found in the highlands of North Sumatra Indonesia. Mentawai (also known as Mentawei and Mentawi) are the native people of the Mentawai Islands, province West Sumatra, Indonesia. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 6%), Hindu (0. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical 0032%), Buddhism (0. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices 26%) |
| Languages | Indonesian, Minangkabau, Mentawai |
| Time zone | WIB (UTC+7) |
| Web site | www.sumbarprov.go.id |
West Sumatra (Indonesian: Sumatera Barat, abbreviated to Sumbar) is a province of Indonesia. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of The Minangkabau language ( autonym: Baso Minang(kabau; Indonesian: Bahasa Minangkabau) is an Austronesian language, spoken by The Mentawai language is an Austronesian language, spoken by the Mentawai -people of the Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra. In Indonesia, the keeping of standard time is divided into three Time zones Indonesian Western Standard Time ( Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia In Indonesia, the keeping of standard time is divided into three Time zones Indonesian Western Standard Time ( Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia UTC+7 is a Time zone used in Laos Thailand Cambodia Vietnam Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of ||-||-||}The Province ( Indonesian: provinsi or propinsi) is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. It lies on the west coast of the island Sumatra, and borders the provinces of North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara) to the north, Riau and Jambi to the east, and Bengkulu to the southeast. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara is a province of Indonesia. Its capital is Medan. Riau is a province of Indonesia, located in the center of Sumatra Island along the Strait of Malacca. Jambi is a province of Indonesia located on the east coast of central Sumatra. Bengkulu is a province of Indonesia. It is on the southwest coast of the island of Sumatra, and borders the provinces of West Sumatra, It includes the Mentawai Islands off the coast. The Mentawai Islands are a chain of about seventy islands and islets off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. The capital of the province is Padang. Padang (means field) is the capital and largest city of West Sumatra, Indonesia.
Contents |
History
The history of West Sumatra is closely related to the history of the Minangkabau people. The Minangkabau ethnic group (also known as Minang or Padang) is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia. Archaeological evidence indicates that the area surrounding the Limapuluh Koto regency forms the first area inhabited by the Minangkabau. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Limapuluh Koto is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia. This interpretation seems to be justified as the area of the Limapuluh Koto regency covers a number of large rivers which meet at the eastern part of the Sumatran coastline. The rivers were known have provided important sailing transportation from the previous era to the end of the last century. The Minangkabau ancestors were believed to have arrived on this route. They sailed from Asia (Indo-China) via the South China Sea, crossing the Malacca Strait and later settled along the Kampar, Siak and Indragiri (or Kuantan) rivers. The South China Sea is a Marginal sea south of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from Singapore to the The Strait of Malacca is a narrow 805 km (500 mile stretch of water between Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra A portion of them lived and developed their culture and traits around the Limapuluh Koto regency.
The integration with migrants in the ensuing periods introduced cultural changes and an increase in population. Their settlement area gradually became diminished and eventually they spread to other parts of West Sumatra. A portion of them went to the Agam regency while others went to the now Tanah Datar regency. From those areas onward, further spread of the population occurred north of the Agam regency, in particular, the Lubuk Sikaping. Rao and Ophir districts. Most of them settled in the western area such as the coastline and some in the southern parts in Solok, Selayo and the surrounding areas of Muara and Sijunjung.
The history of the West Sumatra Province became more accessible at the time of the rule by Adityawarman. Adityawarman (also Adityavarman) according to a 16th century Javanese text was the son of a Malay princess captured in 1263 and a Javanese prince This ruler left considerable amount of evidence of himself, although he did not proclaim that he was the Minangkabau King. Adityawarman ruled Pagaruyung, a region believed by the Minangkabau to be the center of its culture. Adityawarman was the most important figure in Minangkabau history. Apart from introducing a government system by a ruling monarch, he also contributed significantly to the Minangkabau world. His most important contribution was the spread of Buddhism. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices This religion had a very strong influence in the Minangkabau life. The evidence of such influence found in West Sumatra today includes names such as Saruaso, Pariangan, Padang Barhalo, Candi, Biaro, Sumpur and Selo.
Since the death of Adityawarman in the middle of the 17th century the history of West Sumatra seems more complex. During that time, the connection of West Sumatra with the outside world, in particular, Aceh, became more intense. See also Sultanate of Aceh Aceh (ʔaˈtɕɛh generally anglicized as ˈɑːtʃeɪ is a special territory ( daerah istimewa) of Indonesia West Sumatra at that time was the political dominion of Aceh which also monopolized the economy of the area. Coupled with the intensive connection Islam entered into West Sumatra. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The new faith eventually became fundamental to the social and cultural way of life in the region. Sheik Burhanuddin was regarded as the first preacher of Islam in West Sumatra. Prior to expanding the faith in the region, he was studying in Aceh.
The dominating influence of Aceh’s politics and economy did not make the people of West Sumatra happy. Ultimately, the growing dissatisfaction gave way to the acceptance of the Dutch although the presence of them also opened up a new chapter in the history of West Sumatra. The arrival of the Dutch in the region caused them to enter the era of colonialism in the very of essence of its meaning.
The first westerner to reach West Sumatra was the French explorer Jean Parmentier in 1529. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( Jean Parmentier (1494 - 1529 born in Dieppe, France, was a navigator cartographer and poet However, the westerners who came for economic and political reasons were the Dutch. The Dutch commercial fleet was seen along the southern coast of West Sumatra between 1595 – 1598. Apart from the Dutch, other European nationalities also came to the region such as the Portuguese and the English. The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English
Geography
West Sumatra lies in the middle of the western coast of Sumatra, and has an area of 42,297. Marapi (also known as Merapi or Berapi) is a Complex volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two 30 km². Geographic features include plains, mountainous volcanic highlands formed by the Barisan mountain range that runs from north-west to south-east, and an offshore island archipelago called the Mentawai Islands. In Geography, a plain is an area of land with relatively low relief — meaning that it is flat The Bukit Barisan mountains are a Mountain range on the western side of Sumatra, Indonesia, covering nearly 1700 km (1050 mi of the island The Mentawai Islands are a chain of about seventy islands and islets off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. The West Sumatran coastline faces the Indian Ocean and stretches 375 km from North Sumatra province in the north-west to Bengkulu in the south-east. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara is a province of Indonesia. Its capital is Medan. Bengkulu is a province of Indonesia. It is on the southwest coast of the island of Sumatra, and borders the provinces of West Sumatra, The lakes of West Sumatra include: Maninjau (99. Lake Maninjau ( Indonesian: Danau Maninjau, Meninjau means Overlook or Observation) is a caldera lake in West Sumatra 5 km²), Singkarak (130. Lake Singkarak ( Danau Singkarak) is a Lake in West Sumatra, Indonesia. 1 km²), Diatas (31. Lake Diatas ( Indonesian: Danau Diatas, means Upper Lake) is a Lake in West Sumatra, Indonesia. 5 km²), Dibawah (14. Lake Dibawah ( Indonesian: Danau Dibawah, means Lower Lake) is a Lake in West Sumatra, Indonesia. 0 km²), Talang (5. 0 km²). The rivers of West Sumatra include: Kuranji, Anai, Ombilin, Suliki, Agam, Sinamar, Arau. The mountains & volcanoes of West Sumatra include: Marapi (2,891 m), Sago (2,271 m), Singgalang (2,877 m), Talakmau (2,912 m), Talang (2,572 m), Tandikat (2,438 m). Marapi (also known as Merapi or Berapi) is a Complex volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sago (also known as Malintang) is a mountain in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Singgalang is a Volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Its elevation is 2877 m (9439 ft Talakmau (also known as Talamau or Ophir) is a Volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Mount Talang ( Gunung Talang) (2597 m is a Stratovolcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Tandikat is a Volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Its elevation is 2438 m (7999 ft
Flora and fauna
The province includes large areas of dense tropical forest, which is home to a host of species including: Rafflesia arnoldii (world's largest flower), Sumatran Tiger, Siamang, Malayan tapir, Sumatran Serow, Rusa Deer, Malayan Sun Bear, Bornean Clouded Leopard, and many birds and butterflies. Rafflesia arnoldii is a member of the genus Rafflesia. It is noted for producing the largest individual flower on earth The Sumatran tiger ( Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a subspecies of Tiger found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The Siamang ( Symphalangus syndactylus) is a tailless Arboreal, black furred Gibbon native to the forests of Malaysia, Thailand The Malayan Tapir ( Tapirus indicus) also called the Asian Tapir, is the largest of the four species of Tapir and the only one native to Asia The Sun Bear ( Helarctos malayanus) is a Bear found primarily in the Tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia. The Bornean Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi is a medium-sized wild cat found on Borneo, Sumatra and the Batu Islands in the
The province includes two National Parks: Siberut National Park and Kerinci Seblat National Park, as well as a number of nature reserves: Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, Batang Palupuh Nature Reserve, Lembah Anai Nature Reserve, Lembah Harau Nature Reserve, Bung Hatta Grand Forest Park, Beringin Sakti Nature Reserve. Siberut National Park comprises 1905 km² (47% of the island of Siberut in the Mentawai Islands of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Kerinci Seblat National Park is the largest National park in Sumatra Indonesia.
-
For more details on this topic, see [www.nature-conservation.or.id/sumatra/index.html].
Transport
The province is served by the newly-opened Minangkabau International Airport, 23 km north-west of Padang in Ketaping, Padang Pariaman regency. Minangkabau International Airport is the principal Airport serving the province of West Sumatra on Padang (means field) is the capital and largest city of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Padang Pariaman is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia. The airport as hub and direct flied services to Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, and many cities in Indonesia. Kuala Lumpur (ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/ or often abbreviated as K Singapore
Significant roads include the Trans-Sumatran Highway which runs through the province and heads north-west towards Medan and south-east towards Jakarta, the road between Padang and Bukittinggi, and the road between Bukittinggi and Pekanbaru. The Trans-Sumatran Highway is a road in the Indonesian island of Sumatra, approximately 2500 km long and connecting the north of the island in Banda Aceh Medan is the capital of the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Padang (means field) is the capital and largest city of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Bukittinggi ( Indonesian for "high hill" is one of the larger cities in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of over 91000 people Bukittinggi ( Indonesian for "high hill" is one of the larger cities in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of over 91000 people Pekanbaru is the capital of Riau a province in Indonesia on the island of Sumatra. The provincial government plans to upgrade the later two roads over the next few years to improve traffic flows [1].
Regular bus services run between Padang and Bukittinggi, and other major cities of Sumatra. Padang (means field) is the capital and largest city of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Bukittinggi ( Indonesian for "high hill" is one of the larger cities in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of over 91000 people Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two Other public transport options within the province include oplet, taxi and horse cart (bendi). Types of vehicle Share taxis come in various Vehicle types including Minibuses Midibuses covered Pickup trucks Station wagons A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride Bendi may refer to Bendi people of Ituri Democratic Republic of the Congo A form of Horse-drawn vehicle in Indonesia
The Teluk Bayur port in Padang is the largest and busiest on the western coast of Sumatra. Teluk Bayur ( Minangkabau: Taluak Bayua) formerly known as Emma Haven or Emmahaven is a port located in Bayur Bay of Padang city Padang (means field) is the capital and largest city of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two It is used for exporting goods from West Sumatra as well as from some areas of the neighboring provinces.
Railway services run between Padang and Pariaman. For developing West Sumatra tourism, in 2006 the government opened tourist train railway service run between Padang, Padang Panjang, and Sawahlunto.
Administrative areas
West Sumatra consists of the following cities:
While the regencies are:
- Agam - capital: Lubuk Basung
- Dharmasraya - capital: Pulau Punjung
- Mentawai Islands (Kepulauan Mentawai) - capital: Tua Pejat
- Limapuluh Koto - capital: Payakumbuh
- Padang Pariaman - capital: Pariaman
- Pasaman - capital: Lubuk Sikaping
- West Pasaman (Pasaman Barat) - capital: Simpang Empat
- South Pesisir (Pesisir Selatan) - capital: Painan
- Sawahlunto Sijunjung - capital: Muaro Sijunjung
- Solok - capital: Solok
- South Solok (Solok Selatan) - capital: Padang Aro
- Tanah Datar - capital: Batusangkar
People
The Minangkabau people inhabit the area of West Sumatra province on the island Sumatra. Bukittinggi ( Indonesian for "high hill" is one of the larger cities in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of over 91000 people Padang (means field) is the capital and largest city of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Padang Panjang (sometimes written as Padangpanjang, means long field) is located in the cool highlands of West Sumatra, inland from the provincial Pariaman is a coastal city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pariaman has 72089 inhabitants (2002 an area of 73 Payakumbuh is a city north-east of Bukittinggi ( West Sumatra) Indonesia. Sawahlunto is a city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 273 Solok (means valley) is a city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Its Motto is Kota Beras which means "the rice city" Agam is a regency of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 2232 Dharmasraya is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia. The Mentawai Islands are a chain of about seventy islands and islets off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Limapuluh Koto is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Payakumbuh is a city north-east of Bukittinggi ( West Sumatra) Indonesia. Padang Pariaman is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pariaman is a coastal city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pariaman has 72089 inhabitants (2002 an area of 73 Pasaman is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 3947 West Pasaman ( Pasaman Barat) is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Simpang Empat or Simpang Ampat or Sempang Ampat may refer to Simpang Empat Kedah Simpang Ampat Kedah South Pesisir ( Indonesian: Pesisir Selatan) is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Painan is a coastal town and the capital of the South Pesisir regency of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sawahlunto Sijunjung or Sawah Lunto Sijunjung is a regency ( kabupaten) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Solok Regency is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia Solok (means valley) is a city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Its Motto is Kota Beras which means "the rice city" South Solok ( Indonesian: Solok Selatan) is a regency (kabupaten of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Tanah Datar is a regency ( kabupaten) in West Sumatra province Indonesia. Batusangkar ( batu: stone rock sangkar: cage is the capital of the Tanah Datar regency of West Sumatra, Indonesia. The Minangkabau ethnic group (also known as Minang or Padang) is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia. They are predominantly Muslim, and they have a reputation throughout Indonesia as traders. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion They are generally polite and welcome tourists and other travellers. One of the famous festivals is Tabuik. Tabuik is the local manifestation of the Shi'a Muslim Remembrance of Muharram among the Minangkabau people in the coastal regions of West Sumatra
Mentawaians live on the Mentawai Islands, off the western coast of Sumatra, that are also part of the province. Mentawai (also known as Mentawei and Mentawi) are the native people of the Mentawai Islands, province West Sumatra, Indonesia. They speak Mentawai languages, which are not intelligible with either Indonesian nor Minangkabau. The Mentawai language is an Austronesian language, spoken by the Mentawai -people of the Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra. Most of the Mentawais are Christians nowadays. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
Sport
West Sumatra is also home of several professional soccer clubs. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The most popular of them is Semen Padang, which regularly plays its matches in Agus Salim Stadium, the biggest stadium in West Sumatra. PS Semen Padang is an Indonesian football team located in Padang, West Sumatra. Haji Agus Salim (Koto Gadang Bukittinggi, Minangkabau, October 8 1884 - Jakarta, November 4 1954) was one of
Tourism
The prime tourist attractions of West Sumatra are the natural environment, and the culture and history of the Minangkabau and Mentawai people. Lake Maninjau ( Indonesian: Danau Maninjau, Meninjau means Overlook or Observation) is a caldera lake in West Sumatra The Minangkabau ethnic group (also known as Minang or Padang) is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia. Mentawai (also known as Mentawei and Mentawi) are the native people of the Mentawai Islands, province West Sumatra, Indonesia.
Natural attractions of the mainland include the tropical forests, mountains, volcanos, lakes, valleys, rivers & waterfalls in the highlands, the fauna and flora, and the beaches around Padang. Padang (means field) is the capital and largest city of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Many areas are protected as part of National Parks and Reserves.
The city of Bukittinggi is a popular central location in the highlands from which to explore the culture and history of the Minangkabau people, including architecture, crafts, dances, music and food. Bukittinggi ( Indonesian for "high hill" is one of the larger cities in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of over 91000 people The Minangkabau ethnic group (also known as Minang or Padang) is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia. There are a number of museums and cultural centers.
The Mentawai Islands are a popular destination for surfers and those looking to experience the culture and more primitive lifestyle of the Mentawai people. The Mentawai Islands are a chain of about seventy islands and islets off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.
References
- ^ (2003) Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
- Statistics Indonesia - 2000 Population Statistics. Retrieved on December 26, 2005.
See also
- Minangkabau ethnic group
- Mentawai ethnic group
External links
- (Indonesian) Official website
- Official tourism website
- Photos of West Sumatra
- West Sumatra travel guide from Wikitravel
| Administrative areas in West Sumatra |  |
|---|---|
|
Cities: Bukittinggi | Padang | Padang Panjang | Pariaman | Payakumbuh | Sawahlunto | Solok Regencies: Agam | Dharmasraya | Limapuluh Koto | Mentawai Islands | Padang Pariaman | Pasaman | West Pasaman | |
|
| See also: Provinces of Indonesia | |
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic