A Web page or webpage is a resource of information that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser. The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format, and may provide navigation to other web pages via hypertext links. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, or XHTML, is a A navigation bar (also known as links bar or link bar) is a subregion of a Web page that contains Hypertext links in order to navigate In computing a hyperlink is a Reference or Navigation element in a Document to another Section of the same document or to another
Web pages may be retrieved from a local computer or from a remote web server. The term web server can mean one of two things A Computer program that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from web clients which are The web server may restrict access only to a private network, e.g. a corporate intranet, or it may publish pages on the World Wide Web. C D E An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet protocols and network connectivity to securely share any part of an organization's information or operational Web pages are requested and served from web servers using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP) is a Communications protocol for the transfer of information on the Internet.
Web pages may consist of files of static text stored within the web server's file system (static web pages), or the web server may construct the (X)HTML for each web page when it is requested by a browser (dynamic web pages). The term web server can mean one of two things A Computer program that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from web clients which are A static Web page is a Web page that always comprises the same information in response to all download requests from all users Classical Hypertext navigation occurs among Client-side scripting can make web pages more responsive to user input once in the client browser. Client-side scripting generally refers to the class of Computer programs on the web that are executed Client-side, by the user's
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Colour, typography, illustration and interaction
Web pages usually include instructions as to the colours of text and backgrounds and very often also contain links to images and sometimes other media to be included in the final view.
Layout, typographic and colour-scheme information is provided by Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) instructions, which can either be embedded in the HTML or can be provided by a separate file, which is referenced from within the HTML. The latter case is especially relevant where one lengthy stylesheet is relevant to a whole website: due to the way HTTP works, the browser will only download it once from the web server and use the cached copy for the whole site. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages In Computer science, a cache (kæʃ like "cash") is a collection of data duplicating original (notepad)
Images are stored on the web server as separate files, but again HTTP allows for the fact that once a web page is downloaded to a browser, it is quite likely that related files such as images and stylesheets will be requested as it is processed. An HTTP 1. 1 web server will maintain a connection with the browser until all related resources have been requested and provided. Browsers usually render images along with the text and other material on the displayed web page.
Dynamic behavior
Client-side computer code such as JavaScript or code implementing Ajax techniques can be provided either embedded in the HTML of a web page or, like CSS stylesheets, as separate, linked downloads specified in the HTML (using for example . Classical Hypertext navigation occurs among JavaScript is a Scripting language most often used for Client-side web development js file extensions for JavaScript files). These scripts may run on the client computer, if the user allows them to, and can provide a degree of interactivity between the web page and the user after the page has downloaded.
Browsers
A web browser can have a Graphical User Interface, like Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, or Opera, or can be text-based, like Lynx. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical Opera is a Web browser and Internet suite developed by the Opera Software company Lynx is a free Open-source, text-only Web browser and Gopher client for use on cursor-addressable character cell terminals. Web users with visual impairments may use a screen reader to read out the displayed text, or they may use a more specialized voice browser in the first place. A screen reader is a software application that attempts to identify and interpret what is being displayed on the screen (or more accurately sent to standard output A voice browser is a Web browser that presents an interactive voice user interface to the user Such users will want to enjoy the benefit of the web page without images and other visual media.
Users of fully graphical browsers still may disable the download and viewing of images and other media, to save time, network bandwidth or merely to simplify their browsing experience. Users may also prefer not to use the fonts, font sizes, styles and color schemes selected by the web page designer and may apply their own CSS styling to their viewed version of the page.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) recommend that all web pages should be designed with all of these options in mind. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C's Web Accessibility Initiative ( WAI) is an effort to improve the accessibility of the World Wide Web (WWW
Elements of a web page
A web page, as an information set, can contain many kinds of information, which is able to be seen, heard or interact by the end user:
- Perceived (rendered) information:
- Textual information: with diverse render variations. Economics and Commerce define an end-user as the person who uses a product.
- Non-textual information:
- Static images on raster graphics, typically GIF, JPEG or PNG; or vector formats as SVG or Flash. In Computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a Data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of Pixels Portable Network Graphics ( PNG) is a bitmapped image format that employs Lossless data compression. Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points lines, Curves and shapes or Polygon (s which are all based Adobe Flash (previously called Shockwave Flash and Macromedia Flash) is a set of Multimedia software created by Macromedia and currently
- Animated images typically Animated GIF and SVG, but also may be Flash, Shockwave, or Java applet. Adobe Flash (previously called Shockwave Flash and Macromedia Flash) is a set of Multimedia software created by Macromedia and currently Adobe Shockwave (formerly Macromedia Shockwave) was Macromedia 's first and most successful multimedia player prior to the introduction of Macromedia Flash (now A Java applet is an Applet delivered in the form of Java bytecode.
- Audio, typically MIDI or WAV formats or Java applets. MIDI ( Musical Instrument Digital Interface, ˈmɪdi is an industry-standard protocol that enables Electronic musical instruments Computers WAV (or WAVE) short for Waveform Audio format, is a Microsoft and IBM Audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on A Java applet is an Applet delivered in the form of Java bytecode.
- Video, WMV (Windows), RM (Real Media), FLV (Flash Video), MPG, MOV (Quicktime)
- Interactive information: more complex, glued to interface; see dynamic web page. Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images Classical Hypertext navigation occurs among
- For "on page" interaction:
- Interactive text: see DHTML. Dynamic HTML, or DHTML, is a collection of technologies used together to create interactive and animated Web sites by using a combination of a static Markup
- Interactive illustrations: ranging from "click to play" image to games, typically using script orchestration, Flash, Java applets, SVG, or Shockwave. Browser games are electronic Games that are played online via the Internet. Adobe Flash (previously called Shockwave Flash and Macromedia Flash) is a set of Multimedia software created by Macromedia and currently A Java applet is an Applet delivered in the form of Java bytecode. Adobe Shockwave (formerly Macromedia Shockwave) was Macromedia 's first and most successful multimedia player prior to the introduction of Macromedia Flash (now
- Buttons: forms providing alternative interface, typically for use with script orchestration and DHTML.
- For "between pages" interaction:
- Hyperlinks: standard "change page" reactivity.
- Forms: providing more interaction with the server and server-side databases.
- For "on page" interaction:
- Internal (hidden) information:
- Comments
- Metadata with semantic meta-information, Charset information, Document Type Definition (DTD), etc. Meta elements are HTML or XHTML elements used to provide structured Metadata about a Web page. Document Type Definition ( DTD) is one of several SGML and XML schema languages and is also the term used to describe a document or portion thereof that
- Diagramation and style information: information about rendered items (like image size attributes) and visual specifications, as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
- Scripts, usually JavaScript, complement interactivity and functionality. JavaScript is a Scripting language most often used for Client-side web development
- Note: on server-side the web page may also have "Processing Instruction Information Items".
The web page can also contain dynamically adapted information elements, dependent upon the rendering browser or end-user location (through the use of IP address tracking and/or "cookie" information).
From a more general/wide point of view, some information (grouped) elements, like a navigation bar, are uniform for all website pages, like a standard. A navigation bar (also known as links bar or link bar) is a subregion of a Web page that contains Hypertext links in order to navigate These kind of "website standard information" are supplied by technologies like web template systems. A Web template system describes the software and methodologies used to produce Web pages and for deployment on Websites and delivery over the Internet.
Rendering
Web pages will often require more screen space than is available for a particular display resolution. The display resolution of a Digital television or Computer display typically refers to the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed Most modern browsers will place scrollbars (the bar at the side of the screen that allows you to move down) in the window to allow the user to see all content. A scrollbar is a graphical widget in a GUI with which continuous text pictures or anything else can be scrolled including time in video applications i Scrolling horizontally is less prevalent than vertical scrolling, not only because those pages do not print properly, but because it inconveniences the user more so than vertical scrolling would (because lines are horizontal; scrolling back and forth for every line is much more inconvenient than scrolling after reading a whole screen; also most computer keyboards have page up and down keys, and many computer mice have vertical scroll wheels, but the horizontal scrolling equivalents are rare). In Computing, a keyboard is an Input device partially modelled after the typewriter keyboard which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys In Computing, a mouse (plural mice, mouse devices, or mouses) However, web pages may utilize page widening for various purposes. .
A web page can either be a single HTML file, or made up of several HTML files represented using frames. On a Web page, framing means that a Website can be organized into frames. Frames have been known to cause problems with navigation, printing, and search engine rankings [1], although these problems occur mostly in older-generation browsers. Their primary usage is to allow certain content which is usually meant to be static, such as page navigation or page headers, to remain in one place while the main content can be scrolled as necessary. Another merit of using a framed web page is that only the content in the "main" frame will be reloaded. [2] Frames are rendered very differently, depending on the host browser and for this reason, the usage of frames is typically frowned upon in professional web page development communities[3]. With design technologies such as CSS becoming more widespread in their usage, the effect frames provide can be made possible using a smaller amount of code and by using only one web page to display the same amount of content. In Communications a code is a rule for converting a piece of Information (for example a letter, Word, Phrase, or
When web pages are stored in a common directory of a web server, they become a website. In Computing, a directory, catalog, folder or drawer is an entity in a File system, which contains a group of files and/or other directories A server is a Computer dedicated to providing one or more services over a computer network typically through a request-response routine A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A website will typically contain a group of web pages that are linked together, or have some other coherent method of navigation. The most important web page to have on a website is the index page. When an HTTP client (generally a Web browser) requests a URL that points to a directory structure instead of an actual web page within the directory the Depending on the web server settings, this index page can have many different names, but the most common are index. htm and index. html. When a browser visits the homepage for a website, or any URL pointing to a directory rather than a specific file, the web server will serve the index page to the requesting browser. The homepage (often written as home page) or main page is the URL or local file that automatically loads when a Web browser starts and when Uniform Resource Locator is an URI which also specifies where the identified resource is available and the protocol for retrieving it If no index page is defined in the configuration, or no such file exists on the server, either an error or directory listing will be served to the browser.
When creating a web page, it is important to ensure it conforms to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards for HTML, CSS, XML and other standards. The W3C standards are in place to ensure all browsers which conform to their standards can display identical content without any special consideration for proprietary rendering techniques. A properly coded web page is going to be accessible to many different browsers old and new alike, display resolutions, as well as those users with audio or visual impairments.
URL
Typically, web pages today are becoming more dynamic. A dynamic web page is one that is created server-side when it is requested, and then served to the end-user. Classical Hypertext navigation occurs among These types of web pages typically do not have a permalink, or a static URL, associated with them. A permalink, or permanent link, is a URL that points to a specific Blog or forum entry after Today, this can be seen in many popular forums, online shopping, and even on Wikipedia. This practice is intended to reduce the amount of static pages in lieu of storing the relevant web page information in a database. A Computer Database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system Some search engines may have a hard time indexing a web page that is dynamic, so static web pages can be provided in those instances.
Viewing a web page
In order to graphically display a web page, a web browser is needed. This is a type of software that can retrieve web pages from the Internet. Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Most current web browsers include the ability to view the source code. In Computer science, source code (commonly just source or code) is any sequence of statements or declarations written in some Human-readable Viewing a web page in a text editor will also display the source code, not the visual product.
Creating a web page
To create a web page, a text editor or a specialized HTML editor is needed. A text editor is a type of program used for editing plain Text files Text editors are often provided with Operating systems or software development An HTML editor is a software application for creating Web pages Although the HTML markup of a web page can be written with any Text editor, specialized In order to upload the created web page to a web server, traditionally an FTP client is needed.
The design of a web page is highly personal. A design can be made according to one's own preference, or a pre-made web template can be used. A web template is a tool used to separate content from presentation in Web design, and for mass-production of Web documents It is a basic component of a Web Templates let web page designers edit the content of a web page without having to worry about the overall aesthetics. Many people publish their own web pages using products like Geocities from Yahoo, Tripod, or Angelfire. These web publishing tools offer free page creation and hosting up to a certain size limit.
Other ways of making a web page is to download specialized software, like a Wiki, CMS, or forum. A wiki is a page or collection of Web pages designed to enable anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content using a simplified Markup language. A content management system ( CMS) is a computer application used to create edit manage and publish content in a consistently organized fashion An, or message board, is a Bulletin board system in the form of a discussion site These options allow for quick and easy creation of a web page which is typically dynamic. Classical Hypertext navigation occurs among Wikipedia, WordPress, and Invision Power Board are examples of the above three web page options. ***************************************************************************************** * * WordPress is an Open source blog publishing application. WordPress is the official successor of b2\cafelog, developed by Michel Valdrighi Invision Power Board (abbreviated IPB or IPBoard or IP Board) is Internet forum software produced by Invision Power Services
Saving a web page
While one is viewing a web page, a copy of it is saved locally; this is what is being viewed. Depending on the browser settings, this copy may be deleted at any time, or stored indefinitely, sometimes without the user realizing it. Most GUI browsers will contain all the options for saving a web page more permanently. These include, but are not limited to:
- Saving the rendered text without formatting or images - Hyperlinks are not identified, but displayed as plain text
- Saving the HTML file as it was served - Overall structure will be preserved, although some links may be broken
- Saving the HTML file and changing relative links to absolute ones - Hyperlinks will be preserved
- Saving the entire web page - All images will be saved, as well as links being changed to absolute
- Saving the HTML file including all images, stylesheets and scripts into a single MHTML file. This is supported by Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Mozilla Firefox and Opera. Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical Mozilla was the official public original name of Mozilla Application Suite by the Mozilla Foundation, currently known as SeaMonkey suite. Opera is a Web browser and Internet suite developed by the Opera Software company Mozilla and Mozilla Firefox only support this if the MAF plugin has been installed. An MHTML file is based upon the MHTML standard. MHTML, short for MIME HTML, is a web page archive format used to bind resources which are typically represented by external links (such as images Flash
Common web browsers, like Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer and Opera, give the option to not only print the currently viewed web page to a printer, but optionally to "print" to a file which can be viewed or printed later. Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Some web pages are designed, for example by use of CSS, so that hyperlinks, menus and other navigation items, which will be useless on paper, are rendered into print with this in mind. Space-wasting menus and navigational blocks may be absent from the printed version; other hyperlinks may be shown with the link destinations made explicit, either within the body of the page or perhaps listed at then end.
See also
- Dead link
- Domain name
- Guestbook
- Homepage
- HTML element
- Linked data page
- Web document
- Web template
- Website
References
- ^ Frames Problems - ITC Web Development
- ^ Using Frames for Layout
- ^ http://www.agnr.umd.edu/intranet/webtips/frames.html
Dictionary
web page
-noun
- (computing) a single page in a website, together with any referenced images or scripts etc; often hyperlinked to others
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