Citizendia

An example for a web page that uses CSS Layouts
An example for a web page that uses CSS Layouts

Web design is a process of conceptualization, planning, modeling, and execution of electronic media content delivery via Internet in the form of technologies (such as markup languages) suitable for interpretation and display by a web browser or other web-based graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Electronic media are media that utilize Electronics or Electromechanical energy for the End user ( Audience) to access the content In media production and publishing content is Information and experiences that may provide value for an End-user / Audience. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks A markup language is an Artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a

The intent of web design is to create a web site (a collection of electronic files residing on one or more web servers) that presents content (including interactive features or interfaces) to the end user in the form of web pages once requested. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The term web server can mean one of two things A Computer program that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from web clients which are In media production and publishing content is Information and experiences that may provide value for an End-user / Audience. The end-user is a p concept in Software engineering, referring to an Abstraction of the group of persons who will ultimately operate a piece of software A web page or webpage is a resource of information that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a Web browser. Such elements as text, forms, and bit-mapped images (GIFs, JPEGs, PNGs) can be placed on the page using HTML, XHTML, or XML tags. A webform on a Web page allows a user to enter data that is typically sent to a server for processing and to mimic the usage of paper forms. Image file formats are standardized means of organising and storing images Portable Network Graphics ( PNG) is a bitmapped image format that employs Lossless data compression. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, or XHTML, is a Don't change "Extensible" Displaying more complex media (vector graphics, animations, videos, sounds) requires plug-ins such as Flash, QuickTime, Java run-time environment, etc. Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points lines, Curves and shapes or Polygon (s which are all based Adobe Flash (previously called Shockwave Flash and Macromedia Flash) is a set of Multimedia software created by Macromedia and currently QuickTime is a Multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc, capable of handling various formats of Digital video, Media clips sound text Java refers to a number of Computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems that together provide a system for developing Application software Plug-ins are also embedded into web pages by using HTML or XHTML tags.

Improvements in the various browsers' compliance with W3C standards prompted a widespread acceptance of XHTML and XML in conjunction with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to position and manipulate web page elements. The latest standards and proposals aim at leading to the various browsers' ability to deliver a wide variety of media and accessibility options to the client possibly without employing plug-ins.

Typically web pages are classified as static or dynamic.

With growing specialization within communication design and information technology fields, there is a strong tendency to draw a clear line between web design specifically for web pages and web development for the overall logistics of all web-based services. Communication design is a mixed discipline between Design and information-development which is concerned with how media intermission such as printed, Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Web development is a broad term for any activity related to developing a Web site for the World Wide Web or an Intranet.

Contents

History

Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, published a website in August 1991. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA (born 8 June 1955 is an English computer scientist who is credited An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. [1] Berners-Lee was the first to combine Internet communication (which had been carrying email and the Usenet for decades) with hypertext (which had also been around for decades, but limited to browsing information stored on a single computer, such as interactive CD-ROM design). The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Electronic mail, often abbreviated to e-mail, email, or originally eMail, is a Store-and-forward method of writing sending receiving Usenet, a Portmanteau of "user" and "network" is a world-wide distributed Internet discussion system CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable Websites are written in a markup language called HTML, and early versions of HTML were very basic, only giving websites basic structure (headings and paragraphs), and the ability to link using hypertext. A markup language is an Artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure This was new and different from existing forms of communication - users could easily navigate to other pages by following hyperlinks from page to page. In computing a hyperlink is a Reference or Navigation element in a Document to another Section of the same document or to another

As the Web and web design progressed, the markup language changed to become more complex and flexible, giving the ability to add objects like images and tables to a page. Features like tables, which were originally intended to be used to display tabular information, were soon subverted for use as invisible layout devices. With the advent of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), table-based layout is increasingly regarded as outdated. Database integration technologies such as server-side scripting and design standards like W3C further changed and enhanced the way the Web is made. Server-side scripting is a Web server technology in which a user's request is fulfilled by running a script directly on the web server to generate dynamic HTML pages As times change websites are changing inside(scripts) and out(design) because of the way programs and utilities are created and further developed.

With the progression of the Web, thousands of web design companies have been established around the world to serve the growing demand for such work. As with much of the information technology industry, many web design companies have been established in technology parks in the developing world as well as many Western design companies setting up offices in countries such as India, Romania, and Russia to take advantage of the relatively lower labor rates found in such countries.

Web site design

A Web site is a collection of information about a particular topic or subject. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Designing a web site is defined as the arrangement and creation of web pages that in turn make up a web site. A web page consists of information for which the web site is developed. A web site might be compared to a book, where each page of the book is a web page.

There are many aspects (design concerns) in this process, and due to the rapid development of the Internet, new aspects may emerge. Design is used both as a Noun and a Verb. The term is often tied to the various Applied arts and Engineering (See design disciplines For non-commercial web sites, the goals may vary depending on the desired exposure and response. For typical commercial web sites, the basic aspects of design are:

A web site typically consists of text and images. An image (from Latin imago) or picture is an artifact usually two-dimensional that has a similar appearance to some subject &mdashusually The first page of a web site is known as the Home page or Index. The homepage (often written as home page) or main page is the URL or local file that automatically loads when a Web browser starts and when Some web sites use what is commonly called a Splash Page. Splash pages might include a welcome message, language or region selection, or disclaimer. Each web page within a web site is an HTML file which has its own URL. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Uniform Resource Locator is an URI which also specifies where the identified resource is available and the protocol for retrieving it After each web page is created, they are typically linked together using a navigation menu composed of hyperlinks. In computing a hyperlink is a Reference or Navigation element in a Document to another Section of the same document or to another Faster browsing speeds have led to shorter attention spans and more demanding online visitors and this has resulted in less use of Splash Pages, particularly where commercial web sites are concerned.

Once a web site is completed, it must be published or uploaded in order to be viewable to the public over the internet. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks This may be done using an FTP client. Once published, the web master may use a variety of techniques to increase the traffic, or hits, that the web site receives. The webmaster (feminine webmistress) also called the Web architect, the Web developer, the site author, or the website This may include submitting the web site to a search engine such as Google or Yahoo, exchanging links with other web sites, creating affiliations with similar web sites, etc. Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online

Multidisciplinary requirements

Web site design crosses multiple disciplines of information systems, information technology and communication design. In Academia, Pedagogy, Physical sciences, Earth sciences, Human sciences and Social sciences The term information system (IS sometimes refers to a System of persons Data records and activities that process the data and Information in an organization Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Communication design is a mixed discipline between Design and information-development which is concerned with how media intermission such as printed, The web site is an information system whose components are sometimes classified as front-end and back-end. The term information system (IS sometimes refers to a System of persons Data records and activities that process the data and Information in an organization Front-end and back-end are generalized terms that refer to the initial and the end stages of a process The observable content (e. Web content is the textual Visual or Aural content that is encountered as part of the user experience on Websites It may include among other g. page layout, user interface, graphics, text, audio) is known as the front-end. Page layout is the part of Graphic design that deals in the arrangement and style treatment of elements (content on a page The user interface (or Human Computer Interface) is the aggregate of means by which people&mdash the users '&mdash interact with the System Graphics (from Greek grc [[wiktγραφικός γραφικός]] see -graphy) are Visual presentations on some surface such as a wall The back-end comprises the organization and efficiency of the source code, invisible scripted functions, and the server-side components that process the output from the front-end. Depending on the size of a Web development project, it may be carried out by a multi-skilled individual (sometimes called a web master), or a project manager may oversee collaborative design between group members with specialized skills. The webmaster (feminine webmistress) also called the Web architect, the Web developer, the site author, or the website hiyaA project manager is a professional in the field of Project management. Collaboration is a recursive process where two or more people or organizations work together toward an intersection of common goals — for example an intellectual

Issues

As in collaborative designs, there are conflicts between differing goals and methods of web site designs. These are a few of the ongoing ones.

Lack of collaboration in design

In the early stages of the web, there wasn't as much collaboration between web designs and larger advertising campaigns, customer transactions, social networking, intranets and extranets as there is now. An advertising campaign is a series of Advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme which make up an integrated marketing communication (IMC Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer A social network is a Social structure made of nodes (which are generally individuals or organizations that are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency such as An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet protocols and network connectivity to securely share any part of an organization's information or operational An extranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols network connectivity and possibly the public telecommunication system to securely share part of Web pages were mainly static online brochures disconnected from the larger projects. A brochure or Pamphlet is a leaflet Advertisement. Brochures may advertise locations events hotels products services etc

Many web pages are still disconnected from larger projects. Special design considerations are necessary for use within these larger projects. These design considerations are often overlooked, especially in cases where there is a lack of leadership, lack of understanding of why and technical knowledge of how to integrate, or lack of concern for the larger project in order to facilitate collaboration. The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading Collaboration is a recursive process where two or more people or organizations work together toward an intersection of common goals — for example an intellectual This often results in unhealthy competition or compromise between departments, and less than optimal use of web pages. Competition is a rivalry between individuals groups nations or animals for territory or resources In Arguments compromise is a concept of finding Agreement through Communication, through a mutual Acceptance of terms—often involving variations

Liquid versus fixed layouts

On the web the designer has no control over several factors, including the size of the browser window, the web browser used, the input devices used (mouse, touch screen, voice command, text, cell phone number pad, etc. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a A mouse (plural mice) is a small Animal that belongs to one A Touch Screen is a display which can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area TEXT is the band founded by Kristofer Steen David Sandström Fredrik Bäckström and Jon F Brännström ) and the size and characteristics of available fonts.

Some designers choose to control the appearance of the elements on the screen by using specific width designations. This control may be achieved through the use of a HTML table-based design or a more semantic div-based design through the use of CSS. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Whenever the text, images, and layout of a design do not change as the browser changes, this is referred to as a fixed width design. Proponents of fixed width design prefer precise control over the layout of a site and the precision placement of objects on the page. Other designers choose a liquid design. A liquid design is one, like Wikipedia, where the design moves to flow content into the whole screen, or a portion of the screen, no matter what the size of the browser window. ***************************************************************************************** * * Proponents of liquid design prefer greater compatibility and using the screen space available. Liquid design can be achieved through the use of CSS, by avoiding styling the page altogether, or by using HTML tables (or more semantic divs) set to a percentage of the page. Both liquid and fixed design developers must make decisions about how the design should degrade on higher and lower screen resolutions. Sometimes the pragmatic choice is made to flow the design between a minimum and a maximum width. Pragmatism generally considered to have originated in the late nineteenth century with Charles Peirce, who first stated the Pragmatic maxim. This allows the designer to avoid coding for the browser choices making up The Long Tail, while still using all available screen space. The phrase The Long Tail (as a Proper noun with capitalized letters was first coined by Chris Anderson in an October 2004 Wired magazine Depending on the purpose of the content, a web designer may decide to use either fixed or liquid layouts on a case-by-case basis.

Similar to liquid layout is the optional fit to window feature with Adobe Flash content. This is a fixed layout that optimally scales the content of the page without changing the arrangement or text wrapping when the browser is resized.

Flash

Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) is a proprietary, robust graphics animation or application development program used to create and deliver dynamic content, media (such as sound and video), and interactive applications over the web via the browser. Adobe Flash (previously called Shockwave Flash and Macromedia Flash) is a set of Multimedia software created by Macromedia and currently Macromedia was a North American graphics and Web development Software house headquartered in San Francisco, California producing such products

Flash is not a standard produced by a vendor-neutral standards organization like most of the core protocols and formats on the Internet. Flash is much more restrictive than the open HTML format, though, requiring a proprietary plugin to be seen, and it does not integrate with most web browser UI features like the "Back" button. An open format is a published specification for storing digital data usually maintained by a Standards organization, which basically can be used and implemented by anyone Proprietary software is Computer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use private modification copying, or republishing. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a

According to a study,[2] 98% of US Web users have the Flash Player installed. [3] Numbers vary depending on the detection scheme and research demographics. [4]

Many graphic artists use Flash because it gives them exact control over every part of the design, and anything can be animated and generally "jazzed up". Some application designers enjoy Flash because it lets them create applications that do not have to be refreshed or go to a new web page every time an action occurs. Flash can use embedded fonts instead of the standard fonts installed on most computers. There are many sites which forgo HTML entirely for Flash. Other sites may use Flash content combined with HTML as conservatively as gifs or jpegs would be used, but with smaller vector file sizes and the option of faster loading animations. Flash may also be used to protect content from unauthorized duplication or searching. Alternatively, small, dynamic Flash objects may be used to replace standard HTML elements (such as headers or menu links) with advanced typography not possible via regular HTML or CSS (see Scalable Inman Flash Replacement). Scalable Inman Flash Replacement (sIFR is an Open source JavaScript and Adobe Flash based technology that enables the replacement of text elements on

Flash detractors claim that Flash websites tend to be poorly designed, and often use confusing and non-standard user-interfaces. Up until recently, search engines have been unable to index Flash objects, which has prevented sites from having their contents easily found. This is because many search engine crawlers rely on text to index websites. It is possible to specify alternate content to be displayed for browsers that do not support Flash. Using alternate content also helps search engines to understand the page, and can result in much better visibility for the page. However, the vast majority of Flash websites are not disability accessible (for screen readers, for example) or Section 508 compliant. In 1998 the US Congress amended the Rehabilitation Act to require Federal agencies to make their electronic and information technology accessible to people with disabilities An additional issue is that sites which commonly use alternate content for search engines to their human visitors are usually judged to be spamming search engines and are automatically banned.

The most recent incarnation of Flash's scripting language (called "ActionScript", which is an ECMA language similar to JavaScript) incorporates long-awaited usability features, such as respecting the browser's font size and allowing blind users to use screen readers. ActionScript is a scripting language based on ECMAScript. ActionScript is used primarily for the development of websites and software using the Adobe Flash Player JavaScript is a Scripting language most often used for Client-side web development A screen reader is a software application that attempts to identify and interpret what is being displayed on the screen (or more accurately sent to standard output Actionscript 2. 0 is an Object-Oriented language, allowing the use of CSS, XML, and the design of class-based web applications. Object-oriented programming (OOP is a Programming paradigm that uses " objects " and their interactions to design applications and computer programs Don't change "Extensible" ActionScript 3. 0 has a similar syntax to ActionScript 2. 0 but different set of APIs for creating objects.

Silverlight

In 2007 Microsoft shed light on its answer to flash, Silverlight. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Microsoft Silverlight is a programmable Web browser Plugin that enables features such as Animation, Vector graphics and [1] A browser plug-in for playing media and right interactive web applications, silverlight is very similar to flash. Silverlight also comes with a designer and developer tools like flash, but instead of ActionScript uses Microsoft's . Net framework for building web applications. [2]

CSS versus tables

For more details on this topic, see Tableless web design. Tableless web design (or tableless web layout) is a method of Web design and development without using HTML tables for Page layout

When Netscape Navigator 4 dominated the browser market, the popular solution available for designers to lay out a Web page was by using tables. Netscape Navigator and Netscape are the names for the proprietary Web browser popular in the 1990s and the Flagship product of the Netscape Often even simple designs for a page would require dozens of tables nested in each other. Many web templates in Dreamweaver and other WYSIWYG editors still use this technique today. A web template is a tool used to separate content from presentation in Web design, and for mass-production of Web documents It is a basic component of a Adobe Dreamweaver is a Web development application originally created by Allaire Systems who was acquired approximately 1998 by Macromedia and is now owned WYSIWYG (ˈwɪziwɪg or /ˈwɪzɪwɪg/ is an Acronym for W hat Y ou S ee I s W hat Y ou G Navigator 4 didn't support CSS to a useful degree, so it simply wasn't used.

After the browser wars subsided, and the dominant browsers such as Internet Explorer became more W3C compliant, designers started turning toward CSS as an alternate means of laying out their pages. The term "browser wars" refers to the competition for dominance in the Web browser marketplace Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical CSS proponents say that tables should be used only for tabular data, not for layout. Using CSS instead of tables also returns HTML to a semantic markup, which helps bots and search engines understand what's going on in a web page. All modern Web browsers support CSS with different degrees of limitations. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a

However, one of the main points against CSS is that by relying on it exclusively, control is essentially relinquished as each browser has its own quirks which result in a slightly different page display. This is especially a problem as not every browser supports the same subset of CSS rules. For designers who are used to table-based layouts, developing Web sites in CSS often becomes a matter of trying to replicate what can be done with tables, leading some to find CSS design rather cumbersome due to lack of familiarity. For example, at one time it was rather difficult to produce certain design elements, such as vertical positioning, and full-length footers in a design using absolute positions. With the abundance of CSS resources available online today, though, designing with reasonable adherence to standards involves little more than applying CSS 2. 1 or CSS 3 to properly structured markup.

These days most modern browsers have solved most of these quirks in CSS rendering and this has made many different CSS layouts possible. However, some people continue to use old browsers, and designers need to keep this in mind, and allow for graceful degrading of pages in older browsers. Most notable among these old browsers are Internet Explorer 5 and 5. 5, which, according to some web designers, are becoming the new Netscape Navigator 4 — a block that holds the World Wide Web back from converting to CSS design. However, the W3 Consortium has made CSS in combination with XHTML the standard for web design.

How it Looks vs. How it Works

Some web developers have a graphic arts background and may pay more attention to how a page looks than considering other issues such as how visitors are going to find the page via a search engine. A web developer is a Software developer or Software engineer who is specifically engaged in the development of World Wide Web applications or distributed Graphic arts is a term applied historically to the art of Printmaking and Drawing. Some might rely more on advertising than search engines to attract visitors to the site. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand On the other side of the issue, search engine optimization consultants (SEOs) are concerned with how well a web site works technically and textually: how much traffic it generates via search engines, and how many sales it makes, assuming looks don't contribute to the sales. Search engine optimization ( SEO also search optimization) is the process of editing and organizing the content on a webpage or across a website to increase its potential A consultant (from the Latin consultare means "to discuss" from which we also derive words such as consul and counsel) is a Professional As a result, the designers and SEOs often end up in disputes where the designer wants more 'pretty' graphics, and the SEO wants lots of 'ugly' keyword-rich text, bullet lists, and text links. An index term or descriptor in Information Retrieval is a term that captures the essence of the topic of a document In Typography, a bullet is a typographical symbol or Glyph used to introduce Items in a list, like below also known as the point of a bullet One could argue that this is a false dichotomy due to the possibility that a web design may integrate the two disciplines for a collaborative and synergistic solution. The Informal fallacy of false dilemma (also called false Dichotomy, the either-or fallacy, or bifurcation) involves a situation in Synergy (from the Greek el-Latn syn-ergo, el συνεργός meaning working together is the term used to describe a situation where the final outcome Because some graphics serve communication purposes in addition to aesthetics, how well a site works may depend on the graphic designer's visual communication ideas as well as the SEO considerations. Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation Visual communication as the name suggests is Communication through visual aid

An additional concern website owners face is that of Usability. This factor involves the ability of the user (web site visitor) to interact with the web site and perform the tasks most important to the web site owner. For instance a web site that sells cars would want to make the process of buying a car as easy and thought free as possible. Ideas like this populate the web design community, and experts like Steve Krug [3] have emerged.

Another problem when using lots of graphics on a page is that download times can be greatly lengthened, often irritating the user. This has become less of a problem as the internet has evolved with high-speed internet and the use of vector graphics. Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just Broadband, is high-speed Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access over a Modem Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points lines, Curves and shapes or Polygon (s which are all based This is an engineering challenge to increase bandwidth in addition to an artistic challenge to minimize graphics and graphic file sizes. This is an on-going challenge as increased bandwidth invites increased amounts of content.

Accessible Web design

Main article: Web accessibility

To be accessible, web pages and sites must conform to certain accessibility principles. Web accessibility refers to the practice of making Websites usable by people of all abilities and Disabilities. These can be grouped into the following main areas:

However, W3C permits an exception where tables for layout either make sense when linearized or an alternate version (perhaps linearized) is made available.

Website accessibility is also changing as it is impacted by Content Management Systems that allow changes to be made to webpages without the need of obtaining programming language knowledge.

Website Planning

Before creating and uploading a website, it is important to take the time to plan exactly what is needed in the website. Thoroughly considering the audience or target market, as well as defining the purpose and deciding what content will be developed are extremely important.

Purpose

It is essential to define the purpose of the website as one of the first steps in the planning process. A purpose statement should show focus based on what the website will accomplish and what the users will get from it. A clearly defined purpose will help the rest of the planning process as the audience is identified and the content of the site is developed. Setting short and long term goals for the website will help make the purpose clear and plan for the future when expansion, modification, and improvement will take place. Also, goal-setting practices and measurable objectives should be identified to track the progress of the site and determine success.

Audience

Defining the audience is a key step in the website planning process. The audience is the group of people who are expected to visit your website – the market being targeted. These people will be viewing the website for a specific reason and it is important to know exactly what they are looking for when they visit the site. A clearly defined purpose or goal of the site as well as an understanding of what visitors want to do or feel when they come to your site will help to identify the target audience. Upon considering who is most likely to need or use the content, a list of characteristics common to the users such as:

Taking into account the characteristics of the audience will allow an effective website to be created that will deliver the desired content to the target audience.

Content

Content evaluation and organization requires that the purpose of the website be clearly defined. Collecting a list of the necessary content then organizing it according to the audience's needs is a key step in website planning. In the process of gathering the content being offered, any items that do not support the defined purpose or accomplish target audience objectives should be removed. It is a good idea to test the content and purpose on a focus group and compare the offerings to the audience needs. The next step is to organize the basic information structure by categorizing the content and organizing it according to user needs. Each category should be named with a concise and descriptive title that will become a link on the website. Planning for the site's content ensures that the wants or needs of the target audience and the purpose of the site will be fulfilled.

Compatibility and restrictions

Because of the market share of modern browsers (depending on your target market), the compatibility of your website with the viewers is restricted. Usage share, in Web browser statistics is the percentage of visitors to a group of web sites that use a particular browser For instance, a website that is designed for the majority of websurfers will be limited to the use of valid XHTML 1. The Markup Validation Service by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C allows Internet users to check HTML documents for conformance to HTML or The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, or XHTML, is a 0 Strict or older, Cascading Style Sheets Level 1, and 1024x768 display resolution. The display resolution of a Digital television or Computer display typically refers to the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed This is because Internet Explorer is not fully W3C standards compliant with the modularity of XHTML 1. Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical Web standards is a general term for the formal standards and other technical Specifications that define and describe aspects of the World Wide Web. 1 and the majority of CSS beyond 1. A target market of more alternative browser (e. g. Firefox and Opera) users allow for more W3C compliance and thus a greater range of options for a web designer. Opera is a Web browser and Internet suite developed by the Opera Software company

Another restriction on webpage design is the use of different Image file formats. Image file formats are standardized means of organising and storing images The majority of users can support GIF, JPEG, and PNG (with restrictions). Portable Network Graphics ( PNG) is a bitmapped image format that employs Lossless data compression. Again Internet Explorer is the major restriction here, not fully supporting PNG's advanced transparency features, resulting in the GIF format still being the most widely used graphic file format for transparent images. Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE) commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical

Many website incompatibilities go unnoticed by the designer and unreported by the users. The only way to be certain a website will work on a particular platform is to test it on that platform.

Recently the development teams who create new browser versions (Internet Explorer, Firefox etc. . ) have begun working toward more standards compliance. It was only in the beginning of 2008 that the developers of Internet Explorer 8 announced the new version of Internet Explorer (8. 0)[4] will be standards compliant. As of today all widely used browsers in development are standards compliant.

Planning documentation

Documentation is used to visually plan the site while taking into account the purpose, audience and content, to design the site structure, content and interactions that are most suitable for the website. Documentation may be considered a prototype for the website – a model which allows the website layout to be reviewed, resulting in suggested changes, improvements and/or enhancements. This review process increases the likelihood of success of the website.

First, the content is categorized and the information structure is formulated. The information structure is used to develop a document or visual diagram called a site map. This creates a visual of how the web pages will be interconnected, which helps in deciding what content will be placed on what pages. There are three main ways of diagramming the website structure:

In addition to planning the structure, the layout and interface of individual pages may be planned using a storyboard. See also Pre-production Storyboards are graphic organizers such as a series of Illustrations or Images displayed in sequence for the purpose of In the process of storyboarding, a record is made of the description, purpose and title of each page in the site, and they are linked together according to the most effective and logical diagram type. Depending on the number of pages required for the website, documentation methods may include using pieces of paper and drawing lines to connect them, or creating the storyboard using computer software.

Some or all of the individual pages may be designed in greater detail as a website wireframe, a mock up model or comprehensive layout of what the page will actually look like. A website wireframe is a basic Visual guide used in Web design to suggest the layout of fundamental elements in the interface In Graphic design and Advertising, a comprehensive usually shortened to comp is the Page layout of a proposed design as initially presented This is often done in a graphic program, or layout design program. The wireframe has no working functionality, only planning.

See also

References

  1. ^ Berners-Lee on the read/write web. ASPNET is a Web application framework developed and marketed by Microsoft, that Programmers can use to build dynamic Web sites Web applications The Biositemaps Protocol allows scientists engineers centers and institutions engaged in modeling software tool development and analysis of biomedical and informatics data to broadcast and A Color tool is an application usually found within Graphics software and online used for the purposes of Color management, creating Color schemes picking A Content Delivery Network or Content Distribution Network ( CDN) is a system of Computers networked together across the Internet that Content management, or CM, is a set of processes and technologies that support the evolutionary life cycle of digital information A faceted classification system allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object enabling the classifications to be ordered in multiple ways rather than in a single pre-determined Information architecture ( IA) is the art of expressing a Model or Concept of Information used in activities that require explicit details Interaction Design ( IxD) is the discipline of defining the behavior of products and systems that a user can interact with Information graphics or infographics are visual representations of Information, Data or Knowledge. PHP is a computer Scripting language. Originally designed for producing Dynamic web pages it has evolved to include a Command line interface capability Progressive enhancement is a strategy for Web design that emphasizes accessibility semantic markup and external stylesheet and scripting technologies Ruby on Rails is an Open source Web application framework for the Ruby programming language. Server-side scripting is a Web server technology in which a user's request is fulfilled by running a script directly on the web server to generate dynamic HTML pages Streaming multimedia is Multimedia that is constantly received by and normally presented to an end-user while it is being delivered by a streaming provider (the Web style sheets are a form of Separation of presentation and content for Web design in which the markup (i "Unobtrusive JavaScript" is an emerging technique in the JavaScript Programming language, as used on the World Wide Web. User interface design or user interface engineering is the design of Computers Appliances machines mobile communication devices, Software Web 20 is a term describing changing trends in the use of World Wide Web technology and Web design that aims to enhance Creativity, secure Web colors are Colors used in designing web pages and the methods for describing and specifying those colors Web indexing (or "Internet indexing" includes back-of-book-style indexes to individual Websites or an Intranet, and the creation of keyword Web Integration is leveraging the enormous success of the Web Browser to access services and information on the Web A web template is a tool used to separate content from presentation in Web design, and for mass-production of Web documents It is a basic component of a Web usability is the application of Usability in those domains where Web browsing can be considered as a general Paradigm (or "metaphor" for Web mining - is the application of Data mining techniques to discover patterns from the Web. Website architecture is an approach to the design and planning of websites which like Architecture itself involves technical aesthetic and functional criteria The internet industry has established various Award schemes for Websites, following the example of the Tony, Oscar, BAFTA, Cannes Film Festival Most web site builders are proprietary tools provided by Web hosting companies which cater to people who wish to build their own websites without learning the technical aspects of In web development slicing is the process of dividing a single Web page User interface composition layout (web page comp into multiple image BBC News.
  2. ^ Flash and Shockwave Players: NPD Methodology.
  3. ^ Flash Player Statistics.
  4. ^ Web Usage Graphs and Charts.

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