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Wayne Shorter
Photo by Tom Beetz
Photo by Tom Beetz
Background information
Born August 25, 1933 (1933-08-25) (age 74)
Origin Newark, New Jersey,
United States
Genre(s) Modal jazz
Crossover jazz
Post-bop
Hard bop
Jazz fusion
Occupation(s) Composer, bandleader, saxophonist
Instrument(s) Tenor saxophone, Soprano saxophone
Years active 1959 – present
Label(s) Blue Note, Verve
Associated acts Art Blakey, Miles Davis, Weather Report

Wayne Shorter (born August 25, 1933) is an American jazz composer and saxophonist, commonly regarded as one of the more important American jazz saxophonists and composers since the 1960s. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Modal jazz is Jazz using Musical modes rather than chord progressions as its harmonic framework In the wake of fusion 's decline in the mid-1970s jazz artists who continued to seek wider audiences began incorporating a variety of popular sounds into their music forming a group of Post-bop is a term for a form of small-combo Jazz music that evolved in the early-to-mid sixties Hard bop is a style of Jazz that is an extension of Bebop (or "bop" music Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance A bandleader is the leader of a band of Musicians The term is most commonly though not exclusively used with a group that plays Popular music as The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s The soprano saxophone was invented in 1840 and is a variety of the Saxophone, a Woodwind instrument. In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Verve Records is an American Jazz Record label now owned by the Universal Music Group. Arthur (Art Blakey ( October 11 1919 &ndash October 16 1990) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Weather Report was an influential Jazz fusion band of the 1970s and early 1980s combining Jazz and Latin jazz with Art music, Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969

Shorter has recorded dozens of albums as a leader, and appeared on dozens more with others including Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers in the late 1950s, Miles Davis second great quintet in the 1960s and the jazz-rock fusion band Weather Report, which Shorter co-led in the 1970s. An album or record album is a collection of related audio or Music tracks distributed to the public Arthur (Art Blakey ( October 11 1919 &ndash October 16 1990) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Weather Report was an influential Jazz fusion band of the 1970s and early 1980s combining Jazz and Latin jazz with Art music, Many of his compositions have become standards. A jazz standard is a Jazz tune that is held in continuing esteem and which is widely known performed and recorded among jazz musicians as part of the jazz musical repertoire

Contents

Early life and career

Shorter was born in Newark, New Jersey, and attended Newark Arts High School. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. He loved music, being encouraged by his father to take up the saxophone as a teenager (his brother Alan became a trumpeter). The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind Alan Shorter ( May 29, 1932 - 1987 was a Free jazz Trumpet and Flugelhorn player and the older After graduating from New York University in 1956 Shorter spent two years in the U.S. Army, during which time he played briefly with Horace Silver. New York University ( NYU) is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in New York City. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Horace Silver (born September 2, 1928) born Horace Ward Martin Tavares Silva in Norwalk Connecticut, is an American Jazz pianist After his discharge from the army he played with Maynard Ferguson. Walter Maynard Ferguson ( May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian Jazz Trumpet player and Bandleader It was in his youth that Shorter was given the nickname Mr. Gone, which would later become an album title for Weather Report. Weather Report was an influential Jazz fusion band of the 1970s and early 1980s combining Jazz and Latin jazz with Art music, [1]

In 1959 Shorter joined Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers. Arthur (Art Blakey ( October 11 1919 &ndash October 16 1990) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He stayed with Blakey for five years, and eventually became musical director for the group. The title of music director or musical director is used by many Symphony orchestras to designate the primary conductor and artistic leader of the orchestra

With Miles Davis (1964-70)

When John Coltrane finally left Miles Davis' band in 1960 to pursue his own group(after previously trying to leave in 1959), Coltrane proposed Wayne Shorter as a replacement but Shorter was unavailable and Davis went with Sonny Stitt on tenor followed by a revolving door of Hank Mobley, George Coleman, and Sam Rivers. Edward "Sonny" Stitt (b February 2, 1924, Boston Massachusetts &ndash d Henry (Hank Mobley ( July 7, 1930 – May 30, 1986) was an American Hard bop and Soul jazz tenor Saxophonist George Edward Coleman (born March 8, 1935 in Memphis Tennessee) is an American Hard bop saxophonist, Bandleader Samuel Carthorne Rivers (born September 25, 1923, in El Reno Oklahoma) is an American Jazz musician and Composer. In 1964, Miles Davis persuaded Shorter to leave Blakey and join his quintet alongside Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter and Tony Williams. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ("Herbie" born April 12 1940 is a Jazz Pianist and Composer. Ron Carter (born May 4, 1937, Ferndale, Michigan) is an American Jazz Double-bassist. Anthony Tillmon "Tony" Williams ( December 12, 1945 &ndash February 23, 1997) was an American jazz drummer. Miles' quintet with Shorter is considered by many to have been Davis's strongest working group. Shorter composed extensively for Davis ("Prince of Darkness", "ESP", "Footprints", "Sanctuary", "Nefertiti", and many others; on some albums he provided half of the compositions), typically hard-bop workouts with spaced-out long melody lines above the beat.

Herbie Hancock had this to say of Shorter's tenure in the group: "The master writer to me, in that group, was Wayne Shorter. He still is a master. Wayne was one of the few people who brought music to Miles that didn't get changed. " Davis said: "Wayne is a real composer. He writes scores, write the parts for everybody just as he wants them to sound. He also brought in a kind of curiosity about working with musical rules. If they didn't work, then he broke them, but with musical sense; he understood that freedom in music was the ability to know the rules in order to bend them to your own satisfaction and taste. "

Shorter remained in Davis's band after the breakup of the quintet in 1968, playing on early jazz fusion recordings including In a Silent Way and Bitches Brew (both 1969). Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly In a Silent Way is a 1969 album by Jazz Trumpeter Miles Davis. Bitches Brew is a studio Double album by Jazz musician Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His last live dates and studio recordings with Davis were in 1970.

Until 1968 he played tenor saxophone exclusively. The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s The final album on which he played tenor in the regular sequence of Davis albums was Filles de Kilimanjaro. Filles de Kilimanjaro ("Girls of Kilimanjaro " is a Jazz album by Miles Davis. In 1969 he played the soprano saxophone on the Davis album In a Silent Way and on his own Super Nova (recorded with then-current Davis sidemen Chick Corea and John McLaughlin). The soprano saxophone was invented in 1840 and is a variety of the Saxophone, a Woodwind instrument. In a Silent Way is a 1969 album by Jazz Trumpeter Miles Davis. Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (born June 12, 1941) is a multiple Grammy Award winning American Jazz Pianist John McLaughlin (born January 4 1942 also Mahavishnu John McLaughlin is a Jazz fusion Guitarist and Composer from Doncaster, In live Davis recordings from summer 1969 to early spring 1970 he played both saxophones. By the early 1970s, however, he chiefly played soprano saxophone.

Solo Blue Note Recordings

Simultaneous with his time in the Miles Davis quintet, Shorter recorded several albums for Blue Note Records, featuring almost exclusively his own compositions, with a variety of line-ups, quartets and larger groups including Blue Note favourites such as Freddie Hubbard. Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (born April 7 1938 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American Jazz Trumpeter. His first Blue Note album (of nine in total) was Night Dreamer recorded at Rudy Van Gelders studio in 1964 with Lee Morgan, McCoy Tyner, Reggie Workman and Elvin Jones. Rudy Van Gelder (born November 2, 1924, in Jersey City New Jersey) is a recording engineer specializing in Jazz. Lee Morgan ( 10 July, 1938 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania &ndash 19 February, 1972 in New York City) was an American Alfred McCoy Tyner (born 11 December 1938) is a jazz pianist from Philadelphia Pennsylvania, known for his work with the John Coltrane Reginald "Reggie" Workman (born June 26, 1937 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is an American Avant-garde jazz and Hard Elvin Ray Jones ( 9 September 1927 &ndash 18 May 2004) was one of the most influential jazz drummers of the Post-bop era

JuJu and Speak No Evil are two more well known recordings from this era. JuJu is an album by Wayne Shorter, recorded and released on Blue Note in 1964. For other uses see Three wise monkeys. Speak No Evil is an Album by Wayne Shorter, recorded on 24 December Shorter's compositions on these albums are notable for their use of:

The later album The All-Seeing Eye was a free-jazz workout with a larger group, while Adam's Apple of 1966 was back to carefully constructed melodies by Shorter leading a quartet. Then a sextet again in the following year for Schizophrenia with his Miles Davis band mates Hancock and Carter plus trombonist Curtis Fuller, alto saxophonist/flautist James Spaulding and strong rhythms by drummer Joe Chambers. Curtis DuBois Fuller (born in Detroit, December 15, 1934) is a United States Hard bop trombonist. James Spaulding (born July 30, 1937 in Indianapolis Indiana) is a jazz alto saxophonist and flautist Joe Chambers (born June 25, 1942) is an American jazz drummer, Pianist and Composer most notable for his work with These albums have recently been remastered by Rudy Van Gelder. Rudy Van Gelder (born November 2, 1924, in Jersey City New Jersey) is a recording engineer specializing in Jazz.

Shorter also recorded occasionally as a sideman (again, mainly for Blue Note) with Donald Byrd, McCoy Tyner, Grachan Moncur III, Freddie Hubbard, Lee Morgan, and bandmates Hancock and Williams. A sideman is a professional Musician who is hired to perform or record with a group of which he is not a regular member Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (born December 9, 1932) is an American Jazz and Rhythm and blues Trumpeter Alfred McCoy Tyner (born 11 December 1938) is a jazz pianist from Philadelphia Pennsylvania, known for his work with the John Coltrane Grachan Moncur III (born June 3, 1937) is an American Jazz Trombonist. Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (born April 7 1938 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American Jazz Trumpeter. Lee Morgan ( 10 July, 1938 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania &ndash 19 February, 1972 in New York City) was an American

Weather Report period, 1971 to 1985

Following the release of his Odyssey Of Iska album in 1970, Shorter along with keyboardist Joe Zawinul (also a veteran of the Miles Davis group) formed the fusion group Weather Report. A keyboardist is a Musician who plays Keyboard instruments Until the early 1960s musicians who played keyboards were generally classified as either pianists Josef Erich Zawinul ( July 7 1932 &ndash September 11 2007) was a Jazz keyboardist and Composer. Weather Report was an influential Jazz fusion band of the 1970s and early 1980s combining Jazz and Latin jazz with Art music, The other original members were bassist Miroslav Vitous, percussionist Airto Moreira, and drummer Alphonse Mouzon. A bass player (bassist is a Musician who plays a Double bass, Bass guitar, keyboard bass or wind Miroslav Ladislav Vitouš, born 6 December 1947) is a Czech Jazz bassist who was born in Prague. Airto Moreira (born August 5, 1941) is a Brazilian Jazz percussionist and musician A drummer is a Musician who plays a Drum or drums particularly a Drum kit ("drum set" or "trap set" Marching percussion Alphonse Mouzon (b 21 Nov 1948 is a well known jazz-fusion drummer and Percussionist, and the Chairman/CEO of Tenacious Records. After Vitous' departure in 1973 Shorter and Zawinul co-led the group until the band's break up in late 1985. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) A great variety of excellent musicians that would make up Weather Report alumni over the years (most notably the revolutionary bassist Jaco Pastorius) helped the band produce many high quality recordings in varying styles through the years — with bebop, latin jazz, ethnic music, and futurism being the most prevalent denominators. John Francis Anthony "Jaco" Pastorius III (December 1 1951–September 21 1987 was a American Jazz Musician and Composer widely Futurism was an Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century

Solo

Shorter also recorded critically acclaimed albums as leader, notably Native Dancer, which featured his Miles Davis band-mate Herbie Hancock and Brazilian composer and vocalist Milton Nascimento. Native Dancer is the fifteenth album by Wayne Shorter. It is a collaboration with Brazilian musician Milton Nascimento, featuring some of his most |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Milton Nascimento (born October 26, 1942) is a self-taught Grammy Award -winning Singer, Songwriter, and Guitarist Shorter was to work with both of these musicians again later. He also contributed to several albums by Joni Mitchell. Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7 1943) is a Canadian Musician, Songwriter, and On the title track of Steely Dan's 1978 album Aja, he played a solo the critic who wrote the album's liner notes called "suitable for framing" (meaning 'beautiful' rather than 'wooden'). Steely Dan is a American rock band centered on core members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen. Aja (pronounced) is an album by the rock band Steely Dan. The album was named after the Korean wife of group co-founder Donald Fagen 's friend's brother For a bibliographic format for citing liner notes see WikipediaCiting sources/example style Liner notes (also sleeve notes or album notes

Concurrently, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s he toured in the V. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. S. O. P. quintet. This group was a revival of the 1960s Miles Davis quintet, except that Freddie Hubbard filled the trumpet chair instead of Miles. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (born April 7 1938 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American Jazz Trumpeter.

For further discussion of V. S. O. P. please see Herbie Hancock. Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ("Herbie" born April 12 1940 is a Jazz Pianist and Composer.

Performing on soprano and tenor saxophone, Shorter was also cast as a 1950s jazz musician in Bertrand Tavernier's 1986 film Round Midnight. Bertrand Tavernier (b April 25, 1941 in Lyon) is a French director, Screenwriter, Actor, and producer Round Midnight is a 1986 film directed by Bertrand Tavernier that tells the story of an African American Tenor saxophone player in Paris

Recent career

After leaving Weather Report, Shorter continued to record and lead groups in jazz fusion styles, including touring in 1988 with guitarist Carlos Santana. Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly For the Costa Rican football player see Carlos Santana (footballer; for the Mexican academic see Carlos Santana Morales. He has also maintained an occasional working relationship with Herbie Hancock, including a tribute album recorded shortly after Davis's death with Hancock, Carter, Williams and Wallace Roney. A Tribute to Miles is a tribute album by Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, Tony Williams, Ron Carter. Wallace Roney (born May 25, 1960) is an American Hard bop and Post-bop Trumpeter. He continued to appear on Joni Mitchell's records in the 1990s. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999

In 1995 Shorter released the album High Life, his first solo recording for seven years. It was also Shorter's debut as a leader for Verve Records. Verve Records is an American Jazz Record label now owned by the Universal Music Group. Shorter composed all the compositions on the album and co-produced it with the bassist Marcus Miller. Marcus Miller (born June 14, 1959 in Brooklyn, New York) is a Grammy Award-winning Jazz musician composer producer and multi-instrumentalist High Life received the Grammy Award for best Contemporary Jazz Album in 1997. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences

Shorter would work with Hancock once again in 1997, on the much acclaimed and heralded album 1+1. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar 1 + 1 is a Duet Album by Herbie Hancock ( Piano) and Wayne Shorter ( Soprano saxophone) The song Aung San Suu Kyi(named for the Burmese pro-democracy activist) won both Hancock and Shorter a Grammy award. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Aung San Suu Kyi ( àunsʰánsṵtʃì born 19 June 1945 in Rangoon, is a pro- Democracy activist and leader of the National League for

The Quartet

Shorter formed his current band in 2000, the first permanent acoustic group under his leadership, a quartet with young musicians, pianist Danilo Perez, bassist John Patitucci, and drummer Brian Blade, playing his own complex compositions, many of them reworkings of tunes from his substantial portfolio going back to the 1960s. Acoustic music refers to music that solely or primarily uses instruments which produce sound through entirely acoustic means as opposed to Electronic means A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra Danilo Pérez is a Panamanian Pianist and Composer. Biography Danilo Pérez was born in 1966. John Patitucci (born December 22, 1959) is an American Jazz Double bass and electric bass player specializing in Brian Blade (born July 25, 1970 in Shreveport Louisiana) is an American Jazz Drummer and Composer. Two albums of live recordings featuring this quartet have been released (Footprints Live (2002) and Beyond the Sound Barrier (2005)). The quartet has received great acclaim from fans and critics, especially for the strength of Shorter's tenor saxophone playing. The Shorter biography Footprints by journalist Michelle Mercer contains an insight into the working life of these musicians as well as insight into Shorter's life, thoughts and Buddhist beliefs. Beyond the Sound Barrier received the 2006 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Album. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences

Shorter's 2003 album Alegria (his first studio album for ten years, since High Life) received the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Album; it features the quartet with a host of other musicians, including pianist Brad Mehldau, drummer Terri Lyne Carrington and former Weather Report percussionist Alex Acuña. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Brad Mehldau (born August 23, 1970) is an American Jazz Pianist. Terri Lyne Carrington (born 1965 in Medford Massachusetts) is a musician composer producer and clinician Alejandro Neciosup Acuña aka Alex Acuña (born December 12, 1944) is a Peruvian Afro-Cuban jazz Drummer and Percussionist Shorter's compositions, some new some reworked from his Miles Davis period, feature the complex Latin rhythms that Shorter specialised in during his Weather Report days.

Personal life

Shorter's wife Ana Maria and their niece Dalila were both killed on TWA Flight 800 in 1996, and he married Carolina Dos Santos, a close friend of Ana Maria, in 1999. Trans World Airlines (TWA Flight 800 was a scheduled international passenger flight from John F Shorter is a Nichiren Buddhist and a member of Soka Gakkai. The founder Nichiren From the age of 16 until 32 Nichiren studied in numerous temples in Japan especially Mt

Discography

Main article: Wayne Shorter discography

As leader

Awards

References

  1. ^ The Big Takeover: Weather Report - Forecast: Tomorrow (Columbia Legacy) :

Sources

External links

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