Water stagnation occurs when water stops flowing. The Silver Lining is Soul Asylum 's long-awaited follow-up to the 1998 studio release Candy from a Stranger. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of Chemicals Particulate matter, or Biological materials that cause harm or discomfort Acid rain is Rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually Acidic It has harmful effects on plants aquatic animals and infastructure The Air Quality Index ( AQI) is a standardized indicator of the Air Quality in a given location Atmospheric dispersion modeling is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere. The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of Chemical compounds consisting of Alkanes such as Methane Global dimming is the gradual reduction in the amount of global direct Irradiance at the Earth 's surface that was observed for several decades after the start of systematic Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Haze is traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon where dust smoke and other dry particles obscure the clarity of the sky Indoor Air Quality (IAQ deals with the content of interior air that could affect health and comfort of building occupants Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related observations a slow steady decline of about 4 percent per decade in the total amount of Ozone in Earth's Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas Smog is a kind of Air pollution; the word "smog" is a Portmanteau of Smoke and Fog. Water pollution is the contamination of Water bodies such as Lakes Rivers Oceans and Groundwater caused by human activities Eutrophication is an increase in chemical Nutrients -- typically compounds containing Nitrogen or Phosphorus -- in an Ecosystem, and may occur For other uses of the term "hypoxia" see Hypoxia. Hypoxia or oxygen depletion is a phenomenon that occurs in aquatic environments Marine pollution is the harmful effect caused by the entry into the ocean of chemicals particles, or Plastic debris. For the fictional character see Oil Slick (Transformers. An oil spill is the release of a Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbon into Ship pollution is the pollution of air and Water by Shipping. Surface runoff is a term used to describe when soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess Water, from Rain, Snowmelt, or other sources flows Thermal pollution is a Temperature change in natural bodies of water caused by human influence Distinguish from Wastwater (a lake in the Lake District in northwest England Waterborne diseases are caused by Pathogenic Microorganisms which are directly transmitted when contaminated Drinking water is consumed Water quality is the physical chemical and biological characteristics of Water in relationship to a set of standards Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment Bioremediation can be defined as any process that uses Microorganisms Fungi, green plants or their Enzymes to return the natural environment altered A herbicide is used to kill unwanted Plants Selective herbicides kill specific targets while leaving the desired Crop relatively unharmed A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. Radioactive contamination is the uncontrolled distribution of radioactive material in a given environment Actinides in the environment refer to the sources environmental behaviour and effects of Actinides in the environment. Environmental Radioactivity is the study of radioactive materials in the Human environment. Fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large nucleus fissions. Fallout is the residual radiation hazard from a Nuclear explosion, so named because it "falls out" of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion Plutonium in the environment is an article which is part of the Actinides in the environment series Radiation poisoning, also called " radiation sickness " or a " creeping dose " is a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to This is a subpage of Environmental radioactivity. Radium Radium in quack medicine See the story of Eben Byers for details of one very nasty case Uranium in the environment, this page is about the Science of Uranium in the environment and in animals (including humans Introduced species|Weed Invasive species is a phrase with several definitions Light pollution, also known as photopollution or luminous pollution, is excess or obtrusive Light created mainly by Humans Among other effects Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human- or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life Radio spectrum pollution is the straying of waves in the radio and Electromagnetic spectrums outside their allocations that cause problems for some activities Visual pollution is the term given to unattractive or unnatural (human-made visual elements of a vista a Landscape, or any other thing that a person might not want to For other similarly-named agreements see Montreal Convention (disambiguation. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes, opened for signature on The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the international Framework Convention on Climate Change with the objective of reducing Greenhouse gases in an effort The Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, often abbreviated as Air Pollution or CLRTAP, is intended to protect the human environment against Air This is a list of environmental organizations. See also Environmental organization Intergovernmental organizations International organizations The Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs ( Defra) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for environmental protection The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW is a worldwide system established by the World Meteorological Organization a United Nations agency to monitor trends in the Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1972 The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS are standards established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency that apply for outdoor Air Environmental science is the study of interactions among physical chemical and biological components of the environment. See also Nature The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living and Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Stagnant water can be a major environmental hazard. ' Environmental hazard' is a generic term for any situation or state of events which poses a threat to the surrounding environment

Dangers

Malaria and dengue are among the main dangers of stagnant water, which can become a breeding ground for the mosquitoes that transmit these diseases. Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including Mosquitoes are insects in the family Culicidae. They have a pair of scaled wings a pair of Halteres, a slender body and long legs

Stagnant water can be dangerous for drinking because it provides a better incubator (than running water) for many kinds of bacteria, and other parasites. The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between Organisms of different Species.

Causes and prevention

Stagnant water may be classified into the following basic, although overlapping, types:

• Water body stagnation: stagnation in lakes, lagoons, rivers, etc. A body of water is any significant accumulation of Water, usually covering the Earth or another planet A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt or Brackish water separated from the deeper Sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there
• Surface and ground water stagnation
• Trapped water stagnation. Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations The water may be trapped in human artifacts (discarded cans, plant pots, tires, dug-outs, roofs, etc. ), as well as in natural containers, such as hollow tree trunks, leaf sheaths, etc.

To avoid ground and surface water stagnation, drainage of surface and subsoil is advised. Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area Areas with a shallow water table are more susceptible to ground water stagnation due to the lower availability of natural soil drainage. The water table is the level at which the ground water pressure is equal to Atmospheric pressure.

Excessive watering may cause ground or surface water stagnation.

Life that may thrive in stagnant water

Some plants prefer flowing water, while others, such as lotuses, prefer stagnant water. See Lotus for other uses including several other plant taxa bearing this name

Bacteria

Various anaerobic bacteria are commonly found in stagnant water. An anaerobic organism is any Organism that does not require Oxygen for growth and may even die in its presence The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have

• Denitrifying bacteria
• Purple bacteria (both sulfur and non-sulfur)
• Leptospira

Fish

• Northern snakehead fish
• Siamese fighting fish
• Pygmy gourami
• Spotted barb
• Lepisosteidae (gar)
• Walking catfish

Mosquito larvae in stagnant water

Insects

Stagnant water is the favorite breeding ground for a number of insects. Denitrifying bacteria form a necessary part of the process known as Denitrification as part of the Nitrogen cycle, their primary purpose being to metabolise Purple bacteria or purple photosynthetic bacteria are Proteobacteria that are Phototrophic i Leptospira (from the Greek leptos, meaning fine or thin and the Latin spira, meaning coil is a genus of Spirochaete bacteria including The northern snakehead ( Channa argus) is a species of snakehead fish native to China, Russia, and Korea. The Siamese fighting fish ( Betta splendens) also known as the "betta fish" or just "betta" is one of the most popular Species of Freshwater * See also Croaking gourami (Trichopsis vittata which is often confused with the pygmy gourami. "Spotted barbs" is also used for the Genus Puntius as a whole In American English the name gar (or garpike) is strictly applied to members of the Lepisosteus, a family including seven living species of fish in two other name freshwater catfishThe walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, is a species of Freshwater Airbreathing catfish found primarily in Southeast A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described

• Mosquito larvae
• Fly maggots
• Dragonfly nymphs
• Nepidae (water scorpions)

Other

• A number of species of frogs prefer stagnant water. Mosquitoes are insects in the family Culicidae. They have a pair of scaled wings a pair of Halteres, a slender body and long legs True flies are Insects of the Order Diptera ( Greek: di = two and pteron = wing possessing a single pair of Anisoptera redirects here For the genus of trees see Anisoptera (tree. Nepidae is a family of Insects in the order Hemiptera, suborder Heteroptera. This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating.
• Algae
• Biofilm
• Some species of turtles
  • Mata mata

Miscellanea

Pools of stagnant water have historically been used in the processing of hemp and some other fiber crops, as well as of linden bark used for making bast shoes. Algae ( sing. alga are a large and diverse group of simple typically Autotrophic organisms ranging from Unicellular to Multicellular forms A biofilm is a structured community of Microorganisms encapsulated within a self-developed polymeric matrix and adherent to a living or inert surface Turtles are Reptiles of the Order Testudines (all living turtles belong to the Crown group Chelonia) most of The mata mata ( Binomial name Chelus fimbriatus) is a freshwater Turtle found in South America, primarily in the Amazon and Orinoco This article is about the cultivation and uses of industrial hemp not its psychoactive cousin Cannabis (drug. Fiber crops are field crops grown for their Fibers which are used to make Paper, Cloth, or Rope. Bark, also known as periderm is the outermost layer of stems and Roots of Woody plants such as Trees It overlays the Wood and consists Bast shoes are Shoes woven primarily from bast of the linden tree or from Birch Bark, a kind of basket fit to the shape of a foot Several weeks of soaking makes bast easily separable due to bacterial and fermentative processes.

See also

• Water pollution