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The Cenotaph in Whitehall, London, England.
The Cenotaph in Whitehall, London, England. A cenotaph is a tomb or a Monument erected in honour of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
The 82-meter-tall monument "The Motherland Calls! — the tallest statue in the world when erected in 1967, Volgograd, Russia
The 82-meter-tall monument "The Motherland Calls! — the tallest statue in the world when erected in 1967, Volgograd, Russia
The Yasukuni Shrine in Japan.
The Yasukuni Shrine in Japan. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It is dedicated to the Kami (spirits of Soldiers For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
German memorial commemorating World War I.
German memorial commemorating World War I. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne, Australia.
Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne, Australia. The Shrine of Remembrance, located in St Kilda Road, Melbourne, is one of the largest War memorials in Australia, and resides in Kings Domain For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
The National War Memorial in Canada.
The National War Memorial in Canada. The National War Memorial (also known as The Response) is a tall granite Cenotaph with acreted bronze sculptures that stands in Confederation Square Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
India Gate, National Monument of India in New Delhi.
India Gate, National Monument of India in New Delhi. The India Gate is one of the largest War memorials in India. Situated in the heart of New Delhi, India Gate is prominent landmark in Delhi India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
The Monument to the People's Heroes in Beijing, China.
The Monument to the People's Heroes in Beijing, China. The Monument to the People's Heroes ( Beijing, is a ten-story Obelisk that was erected as a national monument of the People's Republic of China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
Monument to the Heroes of the Warsaw Uprising in Poland.
Monument to the Heroes of the Warsaw Uprising in Poland. The Warsaw Uprising ( Powstanie Warszawskie) was a World War II struggle by the Polish Home Army ( Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland
The Liberty Memorial, National World War I Memorial of the USA in Kansas City, Missouri.
The Liberty Memorial, National World War I Memorial of the USA in Kansas City, Missouri. The Liberty Memorial, located in Kansas City, Missouri, USA, is called a National Symbol for World War I and houses the The National World The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Memorial of Kalevipoeg in Tartu, Estonia, commemorating the Estonian War of Independence
Memorial of Kalevipoeg in Tartu, Estonia, commemorating the Estonian War of Independence
Memorial to Women of World War II in London
Memorial to Women of World War II in London
The Commando Memorial located in the Scottish Highlands.
The Commando Memorial located in the Scottish Highlands. Kalevipoeg is an epic poem by Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald held to be the Estonian National epic. The Estonian War of Independence (Vabadussõda literally "freedom war" which occurred in 1918-1920 took place during the Russian Civil War, was the The Scottish Highlands ( Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghàidhealtachd, Scots: Hielans) include the rugged and Mountainous
The Auckland War Memorial Museum in New Zealand with the Cenotaph out front.
The Auckland War Memorial Museum in New Zealand with the Cenotaph out front. The Auckland War Memorial Museum (or simply the Auckland Museum) is one of New Zealand 's most important national Museums and War memorials New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island A cenotaph is a tomb or a Monument erected in honour of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere

A war memorial is a building, monument, statue or other edifice to celebrate a war or victory, or (predominating in modern times) to commemorate those who died or were injured in war. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units

Contents

Symbolism

Historic usage

For most of human history war memorials were erected to commemorate great victories. A memorial is an object which serves as a memory of something usually a person (who has died or an event Remembering the dead was a secondary concern. Indeed in Napoleon's day the dead were shoveled into mass, unmarked graves. The Arc de Triomphe in Paris or Nelson's Column in London contain no names of those killed. The Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris, France that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle also known as the Place de l'Étoile. Nelson's Column is a Monument in Trafalgar Square, London, England. By the end of the nineteenth century it was common for regiments in the British Army to erect monuments to their comrades who had died in small Imperial Wars and these memorials would list their names. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. By the early twentieth century some towns and cities in the United Kingdom raised the funds to commemorate the men from their communities who had fought and died in the Second Anglo-Boer War. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: However it was after the great losses of the First World War that commemoration took center stage and most communities erected a war memorial listing those men and women who had gone to war and not returned.

Modern usage

In modern times the main intent of war memorials is not to glorify war, but to honour those who have died. Sometimes, as in the case of the Warsaw Genuflection of Willy Brandt, they may also serve as focal points of increasing understanding between previous enemies. Warschauer Kniefall (German for " Warsaw Genuflection " refers to a gesture of humility and penance by social democratic Chancellor of Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (18 December 1913 - 8 October 1992 was a German politician Chancellor of West Germany 1969&ndash1974

Using modern technology an international project is currently archiving all war graves and memorials to create a virtual memorial (see The British War Memorial Project for further details). The British War Memorial Project is an internet project founded in 2001 to photograph and make available an archive of British war memorials and war graves all over the world and currently

History

World War I

During the First World War, many nations saw massive devastation and loss of life. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In response, most cities in the countries involved in the conflict erected memorials, and the memorials in smaller villages and towns often listed the names of each local soldier who had been killed. Massive monuments commemorating thousands of dead with no identified war grave, such as the Menin Gate at Ypres and the Thiepval memorial on the Somme, were also constructed. A war grave is a place where War dead are buried It may contain either a combatant or a civilian The Menin Gate Memorial at the Eastern exit of the Town of Ypres (known as "Ieper" in Dutch) in Flanders, Belgium Ypres ( French, generally used in English French ipʁ English ˈiːprə Ieper (official name in Dutch, pronounced /ˈiːpər/ or Ypern The Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme is a major war memorial to 72090 British and South African men who died in the World War I Battle of the Somme

World War II and later

In many cases, the World War I memorials were later extended to also show the names of locals who died in the Second World War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Since that time memorials to the dead in other conflicts such as the Second World War and the Vietnam War have also noted individual contributions, at least in the West. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia In the Soviet Union, China, Japan and other nations, memorials remained communalistic with long lists of names being far rarer. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

Types

They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old. Robert Laurence Binyon ( 10 August 1869 at Lancaster &ndash 10 March 1943 at Reading Berkshire) was an English
Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning
We will remember them.
Blow out, you bugles, over the rich Dead. A triumphal arch is a structure in the shape of a monumental Archway, in theory built to celebrate a victory in war actually used to celebrate a ruler The Royal Military College of Canada (RMC is the Military academy of the Canadian Forces, and is a degree-granting University. Rupert Chawner Brooke (middle name sometimes given as Chaucer) was an English Poet known for his idealistic war sonnets written during the First World
There are none of these so lonely and poor of old,
but dying has made us rarer gifts than gold.
I have fought the good fight,
I have finished my course,
I have kept the faith. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
When You Go Home, Tell Them Of Us And Say,
For Their Tomorrow, We Gave Our Today

In cemeteries

Many cemeteries tended by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission have an identical war memorial called the Cross of Sacrifice designed by Sir Reginald Blomfield that varies in height from 4. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC) is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth The Cross of Sacrifice or War Cross was designed by Sir Reginald Blomfield for the Commonwealth War Graves Commission and is the focal point of the numerous Sir Reginald Theodore Blomfield ( 20 December 1856 – 27 December 1942) was a British Architect, Garden designer 5 m to 9m depending on the size of the cemetery. A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. If there are one thousand or more burials, a Commonwealth cemetery will contain a Stone of Remembrance, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens with words from Ecclesiasticus: "Their name liveth for evermore"; all the Stones of Remembrance are 3. Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, OM, KCIE, PRA, FRIBA, LLD ( 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944 Sirach, by Ben Sira, also known as The Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach, The Wisdom of Ben Sira, or Ecclesiasticus 5 m long and 1. 5 m high with three steps leading up to them.

Arlington National Cemetery has a Canadian Cross of Sacrifice with the names of all the citizens of the USA who lost their lives fighting in the Canadian forces during the Korean War and two World Wars. Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the

Controversy

Unsurprisingly, war memorials can be politically controversial. A notable example are the controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine in Japan, where a number of convicted World War II war criminals are interred. Many controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine have arisen since the Shinto shrine 's founding in 1869 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Chinese and Korean representatives have often protested against the visits of Japanese politicians to the shrine. The visits have in the past led to severe diplomatic conflicts between the nations, and Japanese businesses were attacked in China after a visit by former Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi to the shrine was widely reported and criticized in Chinese and Korean media. is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006 [1]

In a similar case, former German chancellor Helmut Kohl was criticised by writer Günter Grass and Elie Wiesel for visiting the war cemetery at Bitburg (in the company of Ronald Reagan) which also contained the bodies of SS troops. Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born 3 April 1930 is a German conservative politician and statesman Günter Wilhelm Grass (born 16 October 1927 is a Nobel Prize -winning German Author and Playwright. Elie Wiesel (born Eliezer Wiesel on September 30 1928 in Sighetu Marmaţiei, Romania) is a Jewish writer professor political activist The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the [2] Unlike the case of the Yasukuni Shrine, there was no element of intentional disregard of international opinion involved, as is often claimed for the politician visits to the Japanese shrine.

Soviet WWII memorials included quotes of Joseph Stalin's texts, frequenty replaced after his death. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Such memorials were often constructed in city centres and now are sometimes regarded as symbols of Soviet occupation and removed, which in turn may spark protests (see Bronze Soldier of Tallinn). The Bronze Soldier (Pronkssõdur Бронзовый Солдат originally "Monument to the Liberators of Tallinn" ("Tallinna vabastajate monument"

In Australia, in 1981, historian Henry Reynolds raised the issue of whether war memorials should be erected to Indigenous Australians who had died fighting against British invaders on their lands. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it Henry Reynolds may be Henry Reynolds (historian, Australian historian Henry Reynolds (poet, English poet and critic of the seventeenth Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

"How, then, do we deal with the Aboriginal dead? White Australians frequently say that 'all that' should be forgotten. But it will not be. It cannot be. Black memories are too deeply, too recently scarred. And forgetfulness is a strange prescription coming from a community which has revered the fallen warrior and emblazoned the phrase 'Lest We Forget' on monuments throughout the land. [. . . ] [D]o we make room for the Aboriginal dead on our memorials, cenotaphs, boards of honour and even in the pantheon of national heroes? If we are to continue to celebrate the sacrifice of men and women who died for their country can we deny admission to fallen tribesmen? There is much in their story that Australians have traditionally admired. They were ever the underdogs, were always outgunned, yet frequently faced death without flinching. If they did not die for Australia as such they fell defending their homelands, their sacred sites, their way of life. What is more the blacks bled on their own soil and not half a world away furthering the strategic objectives of a distant Motherland whose influence must increasingly be seen as of transient importence in the history of the continent. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located "[3]

Reynolds' suggestion proved controversial. [4] Occasional memorials have been erected to commemorate Aboriginal people's resistance to colonisation, or to commemorate white massacres of Indigenous Australians. This is a list of massacres of Aboriginal Australians. For discussion of the historical arguments around these conflicts see the articles on the History Wars and the Black These memorials have often generated controversy. For example, a 1984 memorial to the Kalkadoon people's "resistance against the paramilitary force of European settlers and the Queensland Native Mounted Police" was "frequently shot at" and "eventually blown up". Kalkadoon, Indigenous Australian tribe living in the Mount Isa region of Queensland [5]

Famous examples

See also

References

  1. ^ Japan: Chinese foreign minister on fence-mending visit - Radio Australia program transcript, date unknown
  2. ^ Reagan Joins Kohl in Brief Memorial at Bitburg Graves - New York Times, Monday 6 May 1985
  3. ^ Reynolds, Henry, The Other Side of the Frontier: Aboriginal resistance to the European invasion of Australia, 1981, ISBN 0-86840-892-1, p. The Australian War Memorial is Australia 's national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated The ANZAC War Memorial, completed in 1934 is the main commemorative military monument of Sydney, Australia. The Shrine of Remembrance, located in St Kilda Road, Melbourne, is one of the largest War memorials in Australia, and resides in Kings Domain Hobart Cenotaph, also referred to as Hobart War Memorial is the main commemorative military monument for the Australian state of Tasmania. The Shrine of Remembrance is located in ANZAC Square, between Ann Street and Adelaide Street in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Brest Fortress (Брэсцкая крэпасць ISO 9:; Брестская крепость ISO 9:) in Brest Belarus, formerly The Menin Gate Memorial at the Eastern exit of the Town of Ypres (known as "Ieper" in Dutch) in Flanders, Belgium Saint Julien Wood is a section of forested land in Belgium, near Langemark at the north east of the Ypres Salient. The National War Memorial (also known as The Response) is a tall granite Cenotaph with acreted bronze sculptures that stands in Confederation Square The National War Memorial in St John's Newfoundland is the most elaborate of all the post World War I monuments in Newfoundland. The Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is located at the National War Memorial in Confederation Square Ottawa. The Old City Hall Cenotaph is located at front steps of Old City Hall (Toronto. The Ottawa Memorial is a monument in Ottawa, Ontario, that "commemorates by name almost 800 men and women who lost their lives while serving or training with The Peacekeeping Monument is a Monument in Ottawa, the capital of Canada, commemorating Canada's role in international Peacekeeping and the The Korean War Memorial Wall at Meadowvale Cemetery in Brampton Ontario commemorates those Canadians who served in the Korean War. The South African War Memorial is a memorial located at University Avenue and Queen Street West in Toronto. Victory Square is a park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Next of Kin Memorial Avenue is a National historic site which is part of the Woodlawn Cemetery City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Memorial Gates are a military memorial which are part of the University of Saskatchewan, City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The Monument to the People's Heroes ( Beijing, is a ten-story Obelisk that was erected as a national monument of the People's Republic of China. The Cenotaph ( Traditional Chinese: 和平紀念碑 constructed in 1923 in the Statue Square, Central, Hong Kong Island, commemorates Beaumont-Hamel is a commune in the Somme département in the Picardie region of France. The Douaumont Ossuary is a memorial containing the remains of soldiers who died on the battlefield during the Battle of Verdun in World War I. Notre Dame de Lorette is the name of a ridge and basilica northwest of Arras The Verdun Memorial is a War memorial situated on the battlefield, close to the destroyed village of Fleury-devant-Douaumont in the département The Canadian National Vimy Memorial is a Canadian National Historic Site and one of Canada 's most important overseas war memorials. The Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial is a World War II Cemetery and Memorial in Colleville-sur-Mer, Normandy, France The Tannenberg Memorial commemorated fallen German soldiers of the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914 The Völkerschlachtdenkmal ( English: "Monument of the Battle of the Nations" is a monument in Leipzig, Germany, to the Battle of Leipzig The Befreiungshalle ( "Hall of Liberation") is an historical classical monument upon Mount Michelsberg above the city of Kelheim in Bavaria, The Hermannsdenkmal ( German for Hermann monument) is a monument located in North Rhine Westphalia in Germany in the Southern part of the The Soviet War Memorial (sometimes translated as the Soviet Cenotaph) is a vast War memorial and military Cemetery in Berlin 's Treptower The India Gate is one of the largest War memorials in India. Situated in the heart of New Delhi, India Gate is prominent landmark in Delhi The Al-Shaheed Monument (نُصب الشهيد also known as the Martyr's Memorial, is a monument in the Iraqi capital Baghdad dedicated to the Iraqi soldiers The Garden of Remembrance (An Gairdín Cuimhneacháin is an Irish Memorial Garden, created in Dublin dedicated to the memory of all those who The Irish National War Memorial Gardens (Gairdíní Náisiúnta Cuimhneacháin Cogaidh na hÉireann is an Irish War memorial in Dublin dedicated "to Redipuglia are a Baseball team in Serie A1, Italy 's professional baseball league is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It is dedicated to the Kami (spirits of Soldiers Tugu Negara, literally the " National Monument " in Malay, is a sculpture that commemorates those who died in Malaysia 's struggle Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west The Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery and Memorial ( French Le Cemitière de Guerre Canadien Groesbeek) is located about three The Auckland War Memorial Museum (or simply the Auckland Museum) is one of New Zealand 's most important national Museums and War memorials Mărăşeşti (mərə'ʃeʃtʲ is a small town in Romania in Vrancea County. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Mormântul Soldatului Necunoscut is a monument located in Bucharest, dedicated to the soldiers who died while fighting for Romania The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier ( Могила Неизвестного Солдата in Russian, or Mogila Neizvestnovo Soldata is a War memorial, dedicated Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery (Пискарёвское мемориа́льное кла́дбище is located in Saint Petersburg, at the Avenue of the Unvanquished (Проспект Poklonnaya Gora (Покло́нная гора́ lit  a bow-down hill) is at 171 Mamayev Kurgan (Мамаев Курган is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad in southern Russia. The Kranji War Cemetery ( Chinese:; Malay: Tanah Perkuburan Perang Kranji) is located in Kranji, Singapore, and is the final resting Opened in 1994 the largely museum-like War Memorial of Korea in Yongsan-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, South Korea offers visitors an educational The Gapyeong Canada Monument is a monument erected to commemorate the sacrifice of the Canadian forces during the Korean war, especially at the Battle of Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu Yarımadası is located in Turkish Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles The Armed Forces Memorial is a national Memorial in the United Kingdom, dedicated to the 16000 servicemen and women of the British Armed Forces killed Alrewas (awl-ree-wuss al- is a large Village approximately 5 miles north of Lichfield in Staffordshire, England. Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. A cenotaph is a tomb or a Monument erected in honour of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere The Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme is a major war memorial to 72090 British and South African men who died in the World War I Battle of the Somme The Menin Gate Memorial at the Eastern exit of the Town of Ypres (known as "Ieper" in Dutch) in Flanders, Belgium Mametz Wood was the objective of the 38th (Welsh Division during the First Battle of the Somme. Spean Bridge is a settlement in the Highland region of Scotland. Spean Bridge is a settlement in the Highland region of Scotland. The Highland Council area ( Sgìre Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd in Gaelic, s̪g̊ʲiːɾʲə kɔ The Lewis War Memorial is a War memorial dedicated to the men who lost their lives in World War I from the Lewis area ( Outer Hebrides, Scotland Stornoway ( Steòrnabhagh in Scottish Gaelic) is a Burgh on the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland The Outer Hebrides, ( officially known for local government purposes by the Gaelic name Na h-Eileanan Siar) comprise an island The National Firefighters Memorial is a group of three Bronze figures depicting Firefighters in action at the height of the Blitz. Edinburgh Castle is an ancient Stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the Edinburgh Castle is an ancient Stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. The Shot at Dawn Memorial is a British Monument located at the National Memorial Arboretum near Alrewas, in Staffordshire, England The British tomb of The Unknown Warrior holds an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during World War I. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church The National Monument to the Women of World War II is a British war memorial sculpture situated in Whitehall, London to the north of the Cenotaph London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Iron Mike is the de facto name of various monuments commemorating servicemen of the United States military. The Korean War Veterans Memorial is located in Washington DC 's West Potomac 4 Fort Snelling Looking SouthwestJPG|thumb|200px| Fort Snelling National Cemetery, Minneapolis Minnesota]]" United States National Cemetery " is a designation for 139 The Spirit of the American Doughboy is a pressed copper sculpture by E The Tomb of the Unknowns (also known as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, although it has never been officially named is a monument dedicated to American servicemen who have The Marine Corps War Memorial is a military memorial Statue located near the Arlington National Cemetery and the Netherlands Carillon in The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a national War memorial located in Washington D The Vietnam Women's Memorial is a memorial dedicated to the women of the United States who served in the Vietnam War, most of whom were Nurses It serves The Liberty Memorial, located in Kansas City, Missouri, USA, is called a National Symbol for World War I and houses the The National World The US National World War II Memorial is a National Memorial dedicated to The United States Navy Memorial at 7th Street between Pennsylvania Avenue and Indiana Alexander Carrick 1882–1966 was one of Scotland’s leading monumental sculptors of the early part of the 20th century A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, is a plate of metal ceramic stone wood or other material typically attached to a wall stone or other vertical surface and bearing Throughout history many Soldiers have died in wars without their remains being identified The UK National Inventory of War Memorials (UKNIWM was founded in 1989 to build a comprehensive record of every War memorial in the United Kingdom (including A war grave is a place where War dead are buried It may contain either a combatant or a civilian The United States has many prominent Memorials and Monuments within the country commemorating the past wars leaders and other notable events from American history ABC Radio Australia is the international broadcasting and online service operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australia 's public broadcaster Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) 202
  4. ^ Reynolds, Henry, Why Weren't We Told?, 1999, ISBN 0-14-027842-7, chapter 12: "Lest We Forget", pp. 169-184
  5. ^ ibid, pp. 177-8
  6. ^ Vietnam Unit Memorial Monument Fund

External links

General:

United Kingdom:

United States:

France:

Ireland:

Other nations:

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC) is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people During the Second World War,, also abbreviated to 特攻隊 tokkōtai) also called shimbu-tai by the Imperial Japanese Army, were specialized units normally
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