A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories firsthand from a war zone. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units In the 19th century they were also called Special Correspondents. Winston Churchill started writing as a war correspondent. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874

Contents 1 Methods 2 History 3 Notable war correspondents 4 See also 5 Notes 6 External links

Methods

Their jobs require war correspondents to deliberately go to the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. Thus, being a war correspondent is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism. On the other hand, war coverage is also one of the most successful branches of journalism. Newspaper sales increase greatly in wartime and television news ratings go up. News organizations have sometimes been accused of warmongering because of the advantages they gather from conflict. Militarism is the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or William Randolph Hearst is often said to have encouraged the Spanish-American War for this reason. For other people named William Randolph Hearst see William Randolph Hearst (disambiguation William Randolph Hearst I (April 29 1863 &ndash (See Yellow journalism)

Only some conflicts receive extensive worldwide coverage, however. Yellow journalism is Journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers Among recent wars, the Kosovo War received a great deal of coverage, as did the Gulf War. The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Many third-world wars, however, tend to received less substantial coverage because global audiences are often less interested and the conflicts are also far more dangerous for war correspondents. Third World is a name given to nations that are generally considered to be underdeveloped economically

History

Written war correspondents have existed as long as journalism. Before modern journalism it was more common for longer histories to be written at the end of a conflict. The first known of these is Herodotus's account of the Persian Wars, however he did not himself participate in the events. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash Thucydides, who some years later wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars was an observer to the events he described. Thucydides ( C 460 BC &ndash C 395 BC) ( Greek Θουκυδίδης Thoukydídēs) was a Greek

The first modern war correspondent is said to be Dutch painter Willem van de Velde, who in 1653 took to sea in a small boat to observe a naval battle between the Dutch and the English, of which he made many sketches on the spot, which he later developed into one big drawing that he added to a report he wrote to the States General. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Willem van de Velde the Elder (c 1611 Leiden &ndash December 13, 1693, Greenwich) was a Dutch painter The States-General ( Staten-Generaal) is the Parliament of the Netherlands. A further modernization came with the development of newspapers and magazines . A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally One of the earliest war correspondents was Henry Crabb Robinson, who covered Napoleon's campaigns in Spain and Germany for The Times of London. Henry Crabb Robinson (1775 - 1867 Diarist, was born in Bury St Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. William Howard Russell who covered the Crimean War, also for The Times, is often described as the first modern war correspondent. William Howard Russell ( 28 March, 1821 - 11 February, 1907) was an Irish reporter with The Times, and is considered The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought The stories from this era, which were almost as lengthy and analytical as early books on war, took many weeks from being written to being published.

It was not until the telegraph was developed that reports could be sent on a daily basis and events could be reported as they occurred that the short mainly descriptive stories of today became common. The continued progress of technology has allowed live coverage of events via satellite up-links. This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. The rise of twenty-four hour news channels has led to a heightened demand for coverage.

Early film and television news rarely had war correspondents. Rather they would simply collect footage provided by other sources, often the government, and the news anchor would then add narration. A narrator (or the extremely rarely used female equivalent narratress) is within any story (literary work movie play verbal account etc This footage was often staged as cameras were large and bulky. This changed dramatically with the Vietnam War when networks from around the world sent cameramen with portable cameras and correspondents. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia This proved damaging to the United States as the full brutality of war became a daily feature on the nightly news.

Notable war correspondents

Some of them became authors of fiction drawing on their war experiences, including Davis, Crane and Hemingway.

Kate Adie (born 1945); covered the Gulf War, Yugoslav Wars, Rwandan Genocide and the Sierra Leone Civil War. Kate Adie OBE (born Kathryn Adie September 19 1945) is a British Journalist. The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass killing of hundreds of thousands of Rwanda 's minority Tutsis and the moderates of its Hutu majority The Sierra Leone Civil War began in 1991, initiated by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF under Foday Sankoh. Christiane Amanpour (born 1958); covered the Gulf War and the Bosnian War. Christiane Amanpour, CBE, (born January 12, 1958) ( کریستین امان‌پور is the chief international correspondent for CNN. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 Peter Arnett (born 1934); covered the Vietnam War, 1991 Gulf War, the 2001 Invasion of Afghanistan and the 2003 Iraq War. Peter Gregg Arnett, ONZM (born November 13, 1934 in Riverton, New Zealand) is a New Zealand-American journalist The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7 2001 as the U The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign He is known for covering news from the "other side" of the battlefield. Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett (1881-1931); covered the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. This article is on the war correspondent For his father the politician see Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett (politician. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Robert King Beach; covered the Spanish-American War. Martin Bell (born 1938); covered the Vietnam War, Biafra War, The Troubles in Northern Ireland, the Angolan Civil War and the Bosnian War. Martin Bell, OBE, (born 31 August, 1938) is a British UNICEF Ambassador a former broadcast war reporter and former independent politician The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Nigerian-Biafran War, 6 July 1967 &ndash 13 January 1970 was a political conflict caused by the attempted Secession Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The Angolan Civil War began in Angola after the end of the war for independence from Portugal in 1975 Mary Marvin Breckinridge (1905-2002); covered World War II. Mary Marvin Breckinridge Patterson (1905-2002 ( Marvin Breckinridge Patterson, or Marvin Breckinridge) was an American Photojournalist, World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Wilfred Burchett (1911-1983); covered the Pacific War, Korean War and Vietnam War. Wilfred Graham Burchett ( September 16, 1911, Melbourne Australia &mdash September 27, 1983, Sofia, Bulgaria The Pacific War was the part of World War II —and preceding conflicts—that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands and in East Asia, between The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the He was known for covering news from the "other side" of the battlefield, and was often criticised of being a communist sympathiser. Robert Capa (1913-1954); covered the Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, the European Theatre of World War II and the First Indochina War (where he was killed by a landmine). Robert Capa ( Budapest, October 22 1913 &ndash May 25 1954) was a 20th century combat Photographer who covered five different The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the The European Theatre of Operations ( ETO) was an area of heavy fighting across Europe during World War II, from Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War, the The Anti-French War, the Franco-Vietnamese War, the Franco-Vietminh War, A land mine is an Explosive device designed to be placed on or in the ground to explode when triggered by an operator or the Proximity of a vehicle person Dickey Chapelle (1918-1965); covered the Pacific War, the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the Vietnam War (where she was killed by a landmine). Dickey Chapelle, born Georgette Louise Meyer ( March 14, 1918 &mdash November 4, 1965) was an American Photojournalist The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 ( Hungarian: 1956-os forradalom) was a spontaneous nationwide Revolt against the Stalinist government of She was the first female US war correspondent to be killed in action. Peter Cave (born 1952); covered the Gulf War, Yugoslav Wars,The Coconut War in the New Hebrides , Iraq War, Tiananmen Square Winston Churchill (1874-1965); covered the Siege of Malakand, the Mahdist War and the Second Boer War. Peter Cave has reported from more than 50 countries during a career with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation spanning more than 35 years The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and Hebrides (disambiguation New Hebrides was the colonial name for an Island group in the South Pacific that now forms the nation of Vanuatu. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Tiananmen Square ( is the large Plaza near the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen (literally Gate of Heavenly Peace Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Siege of Malakand was the 26 July – 2 August 1897 Siege of the British garrison in the Malakand region colonial India 's North West The Mahdist War was a Colonial war of the late 19th century It was fought between the Mahdist Sudanese and the Egyptian and later British See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: Basil Clarke (1879-1947); covered the fighting on the Western Front during WWI. Sir Basil Clarke KBE ( 12 August 1879 - 12 December 1947) was an early pioneer of Public relations and British government Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the German army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining Stephen Crane (1871-1900); covered the 1897 Greco-Turkish War, where he contracted tuberculosis. Stephen Crane (November 1 1871 &ndash June 5 1900 was an American novelist short story writer poet and journalist The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also called the Thirty Days' War and known as the black '97 in Greece was a war fought between the Kingdom of Greece Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common Neil Davis - Australian combat cameraman covered the Vietnam War, Cambodia and Laos and subsequently conflicts in Africa. Neil Brian Davis ( February 14, 1934 - September 9, 1985) was an Australian combat Cameraman who achieved worldwide recognition The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Richard Harding Davis (1864-1916); covered the Spanish-American War, Second Boer War and the fighting on the Macedonian front during WWI. Richard Harding Davis ( 18 April 1864 — 11 April 1916) was a popular writer of fiction and drama and a Journalist famous for The Macedonian Front (or Salonika front) resulted from an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the autumn of 1915 against the combined attack Richard Dimbleby (1913-1965); covered World War II Lady Florence Dixie (1855-1905); covered the First Boer War[1] Gloria Emerson (1929-2004); covered the Vietnam War. Richard Dimbleby CBE ( May 25, 1913 &ndash December 22, 1965) was an English Journalist and broadcaster Lady Florence Caroline Dixie ( 24 May 1855 &ndash 7 November 1905) was a British traveller War correspondent, See also Second Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The First Boer War ( Dutch: Eerste Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: Gloria Emerson ( May 19 1929, New York City – August 4 2004, New York City was an American author journalist and Richard Engel; covered the Iraq War and the 2006 Lebanon War. Richard Engel (born September 16, 1973) is NBC News 's Chief Foreign Correspondent The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Background See also Israel-Lebanon conflict The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO had engaged in cross-border attacks from Southern Lebanon Bernard B. Fall (1926-1967); covered the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War (where he was killed by a landmine). Bernard B Fall ( November 19, 1926 - February 21, 1967) was a prominent War correspondent, Historian, political scientist A land mine is an Explosive device designed to be placed on or in the ground to explode when triggered by an operator or the Proximity of a vehicle person Robert Fisk (born 1946); covered the Lebanese Civil War, the Iranian Revolution, Iran-Iraq War, the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the Algerian Civil War, Kosovo War and the 2003 Iraq War. Robert Fisk (born July 12 1946 in Maidstone, Kent) is a British Journalist and is Middle East correspondent The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed The Algerian Civil War was an armed conflict between the Algerian government and various Islamist rebel groups which began in 1991 The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 J.C. Furnas; covered World War II. JC (Joseph Chamberlain Furnas (1906-2001 was an American Freelance writer. Martha Gellhorn (1908-1998); covered the Spanish Civil War, World War II, Vietnam War, the Six-Day War and even the U.S. invasion of Panama. Martha Gellhorn ( 8 November 1908 - 15 February 1998) was an American Novelist, Travel Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, was the Invasion of Panama by the United States in December 1989 Georgie Anne Geyer (born 1935); covered the Guatemalan Civil War and the Algerian Civil War. Georgie Anne Geyer (born April 2 1935) is an American Journalist and Columnist for the Universal Press Syndicate. The Guatemalan Civil War, the longest civil war in Latin American history ran from 1960 to 1996, and had a profound impact on Guatemala. Cork Graham (born 1964); covered the Salvadoran Civil War from 1985 to 1989; imprisoned for 11 months in Vietnam 1983 to 1984 while on assignment for the Associated Press. Cork Graham (born November 29, 1964) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Film producer, director, Actor, The Salvadoran Civil War (1980–1992 was between the Right-wing Military government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Louis Grondijs (1878-1961); covered World War I, the Russian Civil War, the Invasion of Manchuria and the Spanish Civil War. Lodewijk Hermen Grondijs was born in 1878 in the Dutch East-Indies now known as Indonesia where he spent most of his youth and graduated in 1896 from grammar school The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed The invasion of Manchuria by the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan, beginning on September 19, 1931, immediately followed Al Gore (born 1948); covered the Vietnam War. Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former

David Halberstam Macdonald Hastings Max Hastings Ernest Hemingway Michael Herr; Marguerite Higgins; paved the way for female war correspondents. David Halberstam ( April 10 1934 – April 23 2007) was an American Pulitzer Prize -winning Journalist Macdonald Hastings (1909&ndash 4 October 1982) Journalist, Author and War correspondent. Sir Max Hastings, FRSL (born December 28, 1945) is a British Journalist, editor, Historian and Author Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21 1899 — July 2 1961 was an American novelist short-story writer, and Journalist. Michael Herr (born in 1940 Syracuse New York) is a Writer and former War correspondent, best known Marguerite Higgins, married name Marguerite Higgins Hall ( September 3 1920 - January 3 1966) was an American Reporter Peggy Hull Ryszard Kapuściński Helen Kirkpatrick Terry Lloyd Lara Logan Anthony Loyd Anne O'Hare McCormick Karen Maron Alan Moorehead Edward R. Murrow Kenji Nagai Arturo Pérez-Reverte, worked for Pueblo and Spanish TVE. Ryszard Kapuściński ( IPA: kapuɕ'ʨiɲski; March 4 1932 - January 23, 2007) was a popular Polish Journalist Terence Ellis Lloyd ( November 21, 1952 &ndash March 22, 2003) was a British television journalist well-known for his reporting from Lara Logan (born March 29, 1971) is a television and radio Journalist and War correspondent. Anthony William Vivian Loyd (born on 12 September 1966) is an English Journalist and noted War correspondent. Anne O'Hare McCormick (1882-1954 was a foreign news correspondent for the New York Times, in an era where the field was almost exclusively "a man's world" Karen Marón is a journalist and as international correspondent she realizes coverages in Middle East, Latin America, Africa and Europe, including Alan McCrae Moorehead (22 July 1910 — 29 September 1983 was a War correspondent and author of popular histories most notably two books on the exploration of the Nile Edward R Murrow (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow; April 25 1908 &ndash April 27 1965) was an American journalist was a Japanese photojournalist shot dead in Burma during the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests. Arturo Pérez-Reverte (November 25 1951 Cartagena Spain) is a Spanish Novelist and Journalist. TVE redirects here This article is about Televisión Española Covered the Bosnian War among others. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 John Pilger Anna Politkovskaya Ernie Pyle Dan Rather Joe Rosenthal, received the Pulitzer Prize for his iconic World War II photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima William Howard Russell John Sack Joe Sacco (comic war correspondence) Morley Safer Sydney Schanberg, his experiences in Cambodia during the Vietnam War are dramatized in The Killing Fields Kurt Schork Sigrid Schultz Sylvester "Harry" Scovell Giuliana Sgrena John Simpson Kevin Sites Daniel Smith Richard Tregaskis, author of Guadalcanal Diary, dramatized in movie of same name. John Richard Pilger (born October 9, 1939) is a multi-award-winning Australian born journalist and documentary filmmaker from Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya ( Анна Степановна Политковская) (30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006 was a Russian Journalist, author and Ernest Taylor Pyle ( August 3 1900 &ndash April 18 1945) was an American Journalist who wrote as a roving correspondent Daniel Irvin "Dan" Rather Jr (born October 31, 1931) is a journalist and former news anchor for the CBS Evening News Joseph John Rosenthal ( October 9 1911 &ndash August 20 2006) was an American Photographer who received the Pulitzer The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima is a William Howard Russell ( 28 March, 1821 - 11 February, 1907) was an Irish reporter with The Times, and is considered John Sack (1930–2004 was an American literary journalist. He was the only journalist to cover each American war over half a century Joe Sacco (born October 2, 1960) is a Maltese -American Comics artist and Journalist. Morley Safer (born November 8, 1931) is a Reporter and Correspondent for CBS News. Sydney Hillel Schanberg (born January 17, 1934 in Clinton Massachusetts) is an American Journalist who is best known for his coverage The Killing Fields is a 1984 British film drama about the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia. Kurt Schork (1947 – May 24, 2000) was an American Reporter and War correspondent. Sigrid Schultz ( January 5 (or January 15 per Wisconsin Historical Society 1893 &ndash May 14, 1980) was a notable American Giuliana Sgrena (born December 20, 1948) is an Italian Journalist who works for the Italian communist newspaper Il Manifesto John Cody Fidler-Simpson CBE (born 9 August 1944) is an English foreign correspondent. Kevin Sites is Yahoo! News ' first correspondent His current project is People of the Web, a series of feature profiles on the people behind websites viral videos Richard William Tregaskis ( November 28 1916 – August 15 1973) was an American Journalist and Author whose Benjamin C. Truman Kate Webb Eric Lloyd Williams Kit Coleman first female war correspondent Chester Wilmot Waldemar Milewicz

See also

• Embedded journalist
• War correspondents 1942-43
• Press pool
• Category:War correspondents

Notes

External links

• An investigation into war reporting
• War Reporter.info
• War Correspondents: A Book Bibliography
• A statistical analysis of journalists killed in Iraq since hostilities began in March 2003
• The finalists of the 2007 Rory Peck Awards online on correspondent.tv

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