The Wandering Jew is a figure from medieval Christian folklore whose legend began to spread in Europe in the thirteenth century and became a fixture of Christian mythology, and, later, of Romanticism. Christian mythology ( μῦθος (mythos in Greek is the body of traditional Narratives associated with Christianity. Christian mythology ( μῦθος (mythos in Greek is the body of traditional Narratives associated with Christianity. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the The original legend concerns a Jew who taunted Jesus on the way to the Crucifixion and was then cursed to walk the earth until the Second Coming. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from In Christianity, the Second Coming is the anticipated return of Jesus Christ from Heaven to earth an event that will fulfill aspects of Messianic The exact nature of the wanderer's indiscretion varies in different versions of the tale, as do aspects of his character; sometimes he is said to be a shoemaker or other tradesman, sometimes he is the doorman at Pontius Pilate's estate, and sometimes the myth is transferred to a Roman rather than a Jew. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial

Contents 1 Origin of the legend 2 His name 3 Related legends 4 In literature 4.1 Before 1600 4.2 17th and 18th centuries 4.3 19th century 4.3.1 English 4.3.2 German 4.3.3 France 4.3.4 Russia 4.3.5 Other literature 4.4 20th century 4.4.1 Spanish 4.4.2 German 4.4.3 Romanian 4.4.4 Russian 4.4.5 English 5 In film and on stage 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links

Origin of the legend

The origins of the legend are debatable. According to some sources, the legend stems from Jesus's words given in Matthew 16:28:

'Verily I say unto you, There be some standing here, which shall not taste of death, till they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom. The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel The phrase son of man is a primarily Semitic Idiom that originated in Ancient Mesopotamia, used to denote humanity or self '(King James Version)^[1]

A belief that the disciple whom Jesus loved would not die before the Second Coming was apparently popular enough in the early Christian world to be denounced in the Gospel of John:

20. The phrase the disciple whom Jesus loved or Beloved Disciple is used several times in the Gospel of John, but in none of the other accounts The Gospel of John (literally According to John; Greek, Κατὰ Ἰωάννην Kata Iōannēn) is the fourth Gospel in the canon And Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple following whom Jesus loved, who had also leaned on His breast at the supper, and had said, Lord, which is he who betrayeth Thee? 21. When, therefore, Peter saw him, he said to Jesus, Lord, and what shall he do? 22. Jesus saith to him, If I will that he remain till I come, what is that to thee? follow thou Me. 23. Then this saying went forth among the brethren, that that disciple would not die; yet Jesus had not said to him that he would not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? (John 21:20-23, KJV)

A variant of the Wandering Jew legend is recorded in the Flores Historiarum by Roger of Wendover around the year 1228. The Flores Historiarum ( Flowers of History) is a Latin Chronicle dealing with English history from the creation to Roger of Wendover (died May 6, 1236) probably a native of Wendover in Buckinghamshire An Armenian archbishop, then visiting England, was asked by the monks of St Albans Abbey about the celebrated Joseph of Arimathea, who had spoken to Jesus, and was reported to be still alive. St Albans Cathedral (formerly St Albans Abbey, officially The Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban) is an Anglican church at Joseph of Arimathea was according to the Gospels, the man who donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus after Jesus' Crucifixion The archbishop answered that he had himself seen him in Armenia, and that his name was Cartaphilus, a Jewish shoemaker, who, when Jesus stopped for a second to rest while carrying his cross, hit him, and told him "Go on quicker, Jesus! Go on quicker! Why dost Thou loiter?", to which Jesus, "with a stern countenance," is said to have replied: "I shall stand and rest, but thou shalt go on till the last day. " The Armenian bishop also reported that Cartaphilus had since converted to Christianity and spent his wandering days proselytizing and leading a hermit's life. Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion and particularly another religion A hermit (from the Greek ἔρημος erēmos, signifying " Desert " "uninhabited" hence "desert-dweller" adjective "eremitic"

Matthew Paris included this passage from Roger of Wendover in his own history; and other Armenians appeared in 1252 at the Abbey of St Albans, repeating the same story, which was regarded there as a great proof of the truth of the Christian religion. Matthew Paris (c 1200 &ndash 1259 was a Benedictine monk English chronicler, artist in Illuminated manuscripts and Cartographer ^[2] The same archbishop appeared at Tournai in 1243, telling the same story, according to the Chronicles of Phillip Mouskes, (chapter ii. 491, Brussels, 1839).

The figure of the doomed sinner, forced to wander without the hope of rest in death till the second coming of Christ, impressed itself upon the popular medieval imagination, mainly with reference to the seeming immortality of the wandering Jewish people. These two aspects of the legend are represented in the different names given to the central figure. In German-speaking countries he is referred to as "Der Ewige Jude" (the immortal, or eternal, Jew), while in Romance-speaking countries he is known as "Le Juif Errant" (the Wandering Jew) and "L'Ebreo Errante"; the English form, probably because derived from the French, has followed the Romance. The Spanish name is Juan [el que] Espera a Dios, "John [who] waits for God," or, more commonly, "El Judío Errante. "

His name

At least from the seventeenth century the name Ahasver has been given to the Wandering Jew, apparently adapted from Ahasuerus, the Persian king in Esther, who is not a Jew, and whose very name among medieval Jews was an exemplum of a fool. Ahasuerus ( Latin: Xerxes, Persian: Khashayarshah, commonly transliterated Achashverosh) is a name used several times in the An exemplum (Latin for "example" pl exempla, exempli gratia = "for example" abbr ^[3]

A variety of names have since been given to the Wandering Jew, including Matathias, Buttadeus, and Isaac Laquedem (a name for him in France and the Low Countries, in popular legend as well as in a novel by Dumas, see below).

Related legends

A variation on the story was later applied to Longinus, the soldier who pierced Jesus' side while he hung on the cross. Saint Longinus is the name given in medieval and some modern Christian traditions to a Roman soldier who pierced Jesus in his side with a lance Yet another version declares that the wanderer is the attendant Malchus, whose ear Saint Peter cut off in the garden of Gethsemane (John 18:10), who was condemned to wander until the second coming. There was also another Malchus a Byzantine historian who wrote a history from Constantine to Anastasius I in 7 books In the Gospel of John in the Gethsemane ( Greek ΓεσΘημανι Gesthēmani ' Hebrew: גת שמנים, from Aramaic גת שמנא Gat Šmānê, lit His action is associated in some way with the scoffing of Jesus, and is so represented in a broadsheet which appeared in 1584.

Similar legends involve the origins of the Gypsies. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins In one version, the Gypsies descended from the blacksmith who created the nails used in the Crucifixion. The Gypsies' constant wandering and exclusion were therefore explained by their betrayal of Jesus much in the same way the exclusion and pogroms against Jews were explained. A pogrom is a form of Riot directed against a particular group whether ethnic religious or other and characterized by destruction of their Homes Businesses There is an alternative version told by Gypsies in which a clever gypsy stole some of the nails before Jesus was put upon the cross, thus easing his suffering a little bit and being blessed for all time. In Genesis, Cain is issued with a similar punishment — to wander over the earth, never reaping a harvest again, but scavenging.

The Book of Mormon includes the Three Nephites who also became immortal after interacting with Jesus. The Book of Mormon is a Sacred text of the churches in the Latter Day Saint movement. The Three Nephites are three Nephite disciples of Jesus described in the Book of Mormon who were blessed by Jesus to "never taste of death but ye They were given immortality as a reward, however, rather than a punishment. Similarly, the LDS book of scripture called The Doctrine and Covenants in Section 7 also specifies that John the Beloved desired to stay and do the Lord's work until He returned, in corroboration of the New Testament text cited above. TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon The Doctrine and Covenants (sometimes abbreviated and cited as D&C) is a part of the open scriptural canon of several denominations of the

The adventurer Count Saint Germain, who was active in Europe in the eighteenth century was sometimes associated with the Wandering Jew, especially in the legends which accumulated about him after his death. The Count of St Germain ( fl 1710–1784 has been variously described as a Courtier, Adventurer, Charlatan, Inventor,

The legend of the Flying Dutchman is similar in some respects. The Flying Dutchman, according to Folklore, is a Ghost ship that can never go home and is doomed to sail the oceans forever

In literature

Before 1600

"The Pardoner's Tale," a story from The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer may contain a reference to the Wandering Jew. The Pardoner's Tale is one of the The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century (two of them in Prose, the rest in verse) Geoffrey Chaucer (c 1343 – 25 October 1400? was an English author poet Philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and Diplomat. Many have attributed to the Wandering Jew the enigmatic character of the old man who is unable to die and wishes to trade his age for someone else's youth. He also disciplines the three rioters when they are rude to him and insult his circumstances, perhaps indicating he has learned his lesson from tormenting Jesus. Riots are a form of Civil disorders characterized by disorganized groups lashing out in a sudden and intense rash of Violence, Vandalism or other

17th and 18th centuries

The legend became more popular after it appeared in a pamphlet of four leaves, Kurtze [sic] Beschreibung und Erzählung von einem Juden mit Namen Ahasverus (Short description and tale of a Jew with the name Ahasuerus). ^[4] "Here we are told that some fifty years before, a bishop met him in a church at Hamburg, repentant, ill-clothed and distracted at the thought of having to move on in a few weeks"^[5] As with urban legends, particularities lend verisimilitude: the bishop is specifically the Bishop of Schleswig, Paulus von Eizen. An urban legend or urban myth is a form of modern Folklore consisting of stories thought to be factual by those circulating them The legend spread quickly throughout Germany, no less than eight different editions appearing in 1602; altogether forty appeared in Germany before the end of the eighteenth century. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Eight editions in Dutch and Flemish are known; and the story soon passed to France, the first French edition appearing in Bordeaux, 1609, and to England, where it appeared in the form of a parody in 1625. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ( Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate ^[6] The pamphlet was translated also into Danish and Swedish; and the expression "eternal Jew" is current in Czech and German, der Ewige Jude. Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the

In France, the Wandering Jew appeared in Simon Tyssot de Patot's La Vie, les Aventures et le Voyage de Groenland du Révérend Père Cordelier Pierre de Mésange (1720). This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Simon Tyssot de Patot (Born 1655 -Died 1727) was a French Writer who penned two very important seminal works in Fantastic literature

19th century

English

The Wandering Jew makes an appearance in one of the secondary plots in Matthew Lewis's Gothic novel The Monk, first published in 1796. Ambrosio or the Monk is a Gothic novel by Matthew Gregory Lewis which first appeared in 1796. The Wandering Jew is also mentioned in "Melmoth the Wanderer" by Charles Maturin c. Melmoth the Wanderer is a Gothic novel published in 1820 written by Charles Robert Maturin (uncle of Jane Wilde who was mother of Oscar 1820.

In England — besides the ballad given in Thomas Percy's Reliques and reprinted in Francis James Child's English and Scotch Ballads (1st ed. Thomas Percy ( April 13, 1729 - September 30, 1811) was Bishop of Dromore and editor of Tatler, Guardian The Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (sometimes known as Reliques of Ancient Poetry or simply Percy's Reliques) is a collection of Ballads and Francis James Child ( February 1, 1825 &ndash September 11, 1896) was an American scholar educationist and folklorist, The Child Ballads are a collection of 305 Ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants collected by Francis James Child , viii. 77) — there is a drama entitled The Wandering Jew, or Love's Masquerade, written by Andrew Franklin (1797). Shelley introduced Ahasuerus into his "Queen Mab". Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4 1792 – July 8 1822 ˈpɝːsɪ ˈbɪʃ ˈʃɛlɪ was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among Thomas Carlyle, in his Sartor Resartus (1834), compares its hero Diogenes Teufelsdroeckh on several occasions to the Wandering Jew, (also using the German wording 'der ewige Jude'). Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881 was a Scottish essayist satirist and historian whose work was highly influential during the Victorian era. Thomas Carlyle 's major work Sartor

George Croly's "Salathiel", which appeared anonymously in 1828, treated the subject in an imaginative form; it was reprinted under the title "Tarry Thou Till I Come" (New York, 1901). George Croly ( August 17, 1780 - November 24, 1860) was a Poet, Novelist, Historian, and divine. George MacDonald includes pieces of the legend in Thomas Wingfold, Curate (London, 1876). George MacDonald ( 10 December 1824 &mdash 18 September 1905) was a Scottish author poet and Christian minister

In Lew Wallace's century novel The Prince of India, the Wandering Jew is the protagonist. Lewis "Lew" Wallace ( April 10, 1827 February 15, 1905) was a lawyer governor Union general in the American Civil The book follows his adventures through the ages, as he takes part in the shaping of history.

German

The legend also has been the subject of German poems by Schubart, Aloys Schreiber, Wilhelm Müller, Lenau, Chamisso, Schlegel, Julius Mosen (an epic, 1838), and Köhler; of novels by Franz Horn (1818), Oeklers, and Schücking; and of tragedies by Klingemann ("Ahasuerus", 1827) and Zedlitz (1844). Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart ( March 24, 1739 - October 10, 1791) German Poet, was born at Obersontheim in Wilhelm Müller ( October 7, 1794 - September 30, 1827) German lyric Poet, was born at Dessau, the son Nikolaus Lenau was the Nom de plume of Nikolaus Franz Niembsch Edler von Strehlenau ( August 25, 1802, Schadat Adelbert von Chamisso ( January 30 1781 &ndash August 21 1838) was a German Poet and Botanist. August Wilhelm (later von) Schlegel ( September 8, 1767 &ndash May 12, 1845) was a German Poet, Julius Mosen (1803-1867 German Poet and author was born at Marieney in the Saxon Vogtland on July 8, 1803 A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Levin Schucking ( September 6, 1814 - August 31, 1883) was a German Novelist. Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann ( 31 August 1777 in Braunschweig – 25 January 1831 in Braunschweig was a German writer Joseph Christian Freiherr von Zedlitz, (Baron Joseph Christian von Zedlitz) It is either the Ahasuerus of Klingemann or that of Ludwig Achim von Arnim in his play, Halle and Jerusalem to whom Richard Wagner refers in the final passage of his notorious Das Judentum in der Musik. Ludwig Achim (or Joachim) von Arnim ( January 26, 1781 &ndash January 21, 1831) was a German Poet "Das Judenthum in der Musik" ( German, "Jewishness in Music" but normally translated Judaism in Music) (in German spelled after its first publication

There are clear echoes of the Wandering Jew in Wagner's The Flying Dutchman, whose plot line is adapted from a story by Heinrich Heine^[7], and his final opera Parsifal features a woman called Kundry who is in some ways a female version of the Wandering Jew. The Flying Dutchman, according to Folklore, is a Ghost ship that can never go home and is doomed to sail the oceans forever Christian Johann Heinrich Heine ( December 13, 1797 – February 17, 1856) was a Journalist, Essayist and one of the Parsifal is an Opera, or Music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner. She claims in Act II of the opera that she was formerly Herodias, that she laughed at Jesus on his route to the Crucifixion, and is now condemned to wander until she meets with him again (cf. Herodias (c 15 BC-after 39 AD was a Jewish princess of the Herodian Dynasty. Eugene Sue's version, below).

Hans Christian Andersen made his "Ahasuerus" the Angel of Doubt, and was imitated by Heller in a poem on "The Wandering of Ahasuerus", which he afterward developed into three cantos. Hans Christian Andersen (ˈhanˀs ˈkʰʁæʂd̥jan ˈɑnɐsn̩ in Danish or simply H Seligmann Heller was an Austrian poet and journalist born at Raudnitz, Bohemia, July 8, 1831; died in Vienna January 8 Robert Hamerling, in his "Ahasver in Rom" (Vienna, 1866), identifies Nero with the Wandering Jew. Robert Hamerling ( March 24, 1830 - July 13, 1889) Austrian Poet, was born of humble parentage at Kirchberg am Walde Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( December 15, 37 – June 9, 68) born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Goethe had designed a poem on the subject, the plot of which he sketched in his "Dichtung und Wahrheit". ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer

France

The French writer Edgar Quinet published his prose epic on the legend in 1833, making the subject the judgment of the world; and Eugene Sue wrote his Juif errant in 1844, in which the author connects the story of Ahasuerus with that of Herodias. Edgar Quinet ( February 17, 1803 &ndash March 27, 1875) was a French Historian and Intellectual. "Marie Sue" redirects here For the term in fan fiction see Mary Sue. Le Juif Errant (The Wandering Jew) is an 1844 novel by Eugène Sue. Herodias (c 15 BC-after 39 AD was a Jewish princess of the Herodian Dynasty. Sue's work was used as the basis of an opera by Fromental Halévy. Le Juif errant ( The Wandering Jew) is a Grand opera by Fromental Halévy, with a libretto by Eugène Scribe and Jules-Henri Vernoy Jacques-François-Fromental-Élie Halévy ( May 27, 1799 - March 17, 1862) (usually known as Fromental Halévy was a French composer Grenier's poem on the subject (1857) may have been inspired by Gustave Doré's designs published in the preceding year, perhaps the most striking of Doré's imaginative works. One should also note Paul Féval, père's La Fille du Juif Errant (1864), which combines several fictional Wandering Jews, both heroic and evil, and Alexandre Dumas' incomplete Isaac Laquedem (1853), a sprawling historical saga. Paul Henri Corentin Féval, père ( 29 September 1816 - 8 March 1887) was a French Novelist and Dramatist

Russia

In Russia, the legend of the Wandering Jew appears in an incomplete epic poem by Vasily Zhukovsky, "Ahasuerus" (1857) and in another epic poem by Wilhelm Küchelbecker, "Ahasuerus, a Poem in Fragments," written from 1832-1846 but not published until 1878, long after the poet's death. Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky (Василий Андреевич Жуковский ( – April 1852 was the foremost Russian poet of the 1810s Aleksandr Pushkin also began a long poem on Ahasuerus (1826) but abandoned the project quickly, completing under thirty lines.

Other literature

The Wandering Jew makes a notable appearance in the gothic masterpiece of the Polish writer Jan Potocki, The Manuscript Found in Saragossa, written about 1797. Gothic fiction (sometimes referred to as Gothic horror) is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Biography Jan Potocki (pronounced 'Pototski' was born in 1761 into the great Potocki family an old aristocratic family which owned vast estates in Poland The Manuscript Found in Saragossa (original French title Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse; also known in English as The Saragossa Manuscript

Brazilian writer and poet Machado de Assis often used Jewish themes in his writings. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, pron. ʒoa'kĩ ma'riɐ ma'ʃadu dʒi a'sis often known as Machado de Assis, Machado, or Bruxo do Cosme Velho One of his poems, Viver! ("To Live!") is a dialog between the Wandering Jew (named as Ahasuerus) and Prometheus at the end of time. In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Προμηθεύς "forethought" is a Titan known for his wily intelligence who stole Fire from Zeus It was published in 1896 as part of the book Várias histórias ("Several stories").

20th century

Spanish

In Argentina, the topic of the Wandering Jew has appeared several times in the work of writer and professor Enrique Anderson Imbert, particularly in his short-story El Grimorio (The Grimoire), included in the eponymous book. Enrique Anderson Imbert (1910–2000 Born in Cordoba Argentina Anderson Imbert refers to the Wandering Jew as El Judío Errante or Ahasvero (Ahasuerus) indiscriminately. Chapter XXXVII, El Vagamundo, in the collection of short stories, Misteriosa Buenos Aires, by the Argentine writer Manuel Mujica Lainez also centres round the wandering of the Jew. Misteriosa Buenos Aires ( Spanish for Mysterious Buenos Aires) is a 1950 book of literary fiction by Manuel Mujica Laínez, containing no fewer Manuel Mujica Láinez, Argentine fiction writer and art critic was born in Buenos Aires on 11 September, 1910 and died at Cruz Chica Córdoba The great Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges named the main character and narrator of his short story "The Immortal" Joseph Cartaphilus (in the story he was a Roman military tribune who gained immortality after drinking from a magical river and dies in the 1920s). In 1967, the Wandering Jew appears as an unexplained magical realist townfolk legend in Gabriel García Márquez's 100 Years of Solitude. Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez (born March 6 1927 is a Colombian

German

The German writer Stefan Heym in his novel Ahasver (translated into English as The Wandering Jew)^[8] maps a story of Ahasver and Lucifer against both ancient times and Marxist East Germany. Helmut Flieg ( April 10, 1913 - December 16, 2001) was a German - Jewish Writer, known by his Pseudonym Lucifer is a name frequently given to Satan in Christian belief Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state

Romanian

Mircea Eliade presents in his novel Dayan (1979) a student's mystic and fantastic journey through time and space under the guidance of the Wandering Jew, in the search of a higher truth and of his own self. Mircea Eliade ( – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion fiction writer philosopher and professor at the University of Chicago This is a bibliography of works by Mircea Eliade. Scholarly works The Comparative History of Yoga Techniques, 1933

Russian

The Soviet satirists Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov had their hero Ostap Bender tell the story of the Wandering Jew's death at the hands of Ukrainian nationalists in The Little Golden Calf. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Ilya Ilf ( Iehiel-Leyb (Ilya Arnoldovich Faynzilberg; (Илья Арнольдович Файнзильберг in Odessa &ndash April 13, 1937 Yevgeny Petrov ( Yevgeny Petrovich Kataev; Russian: Евгений Петров; in Odessa &ndash July 2, 1942) was an Ostap Bender (Остап Бендер also Ostap-Suleyman-Berta-Maria-Bender- Bey, Bender-Zadunaysky, Ostap Ibragimovich) is a misanthropic The Golden Calf ( Золотой телёнок, Zolotoy Telyinok, "The Golden Calf" (1931 is a famous satirical novel by Soviet authors The name itself, with a clever plot that does not, however, focus on Ahasuerus per se, appears in the novel Overburdened with Evil (1988) by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. The two brothers Arkady (Арка́дий; August 28, 1925 &ndash October 12, 1991) and Boris (Бори́с; born

English

In Evelyn Waugh's Helena, the Wandering Jew appears in a dream to the protagonist and shows her where to look for the Cross, the goal of her quest. Arthur Evelyn St John Waugh (ˈiːvlɪn ˈwɔː (28 October 1903 &ndash 10 April 1966 was an English Writer, best known for such darkly humorous and In Joyce's masterpiece Ulysses, Bloom's nemesis, the Citizen, says of Bloom in his absence: "A wolf in sheep's clothing, says the citizen. James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920 That's what he is. Virag from Hungary! Ahasuerus I call him. Cursed by God. " ^[9] In the post-apocalyptic science fiction book A Canticle For Leibowitz, written by Walter M. Miller, Jr. and published in 1959, a character that can be interpreted as being the Wandering Jew is the only one to appear in all three novellas. A Canticle for Leibowitz is a post-apocalyptic Science fiction Novel by American Walter M Walter Michael Miller Jr ( January 23, 1923 – January 9, 1996) was an American Science fiction author J. G. Ballard's short story The Lost Leonardo, published in The Terminal Beach (1964), centres on a search for the Wandering Jew. James Graham Ballard (born 15 November in the International Settlement in Shanghai, China) is a British Novelist and Short The Terminal Beach (ISBN 1857990218 is a collection of Science fiction short stories by the British author J Barry Sadler has written a series of books featuring a character called Casca Rufio Longinius who is combination of two characters from Christian folklore, Longinus and the Wandering Jew. Barry Sadler ( November 1, 1940 &ndash September 8, 1989) was an American Author and Musician. Casca Rufio Longinius, also known as Casca Longinus, or simply Casca The Eternal Mercenary, is a character in a series of Military Historical novels In January 1987 DC Comics produced a special issue of Secret Origins that gave The Phantom Stranger four possible origins. DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company Secret Origins was an American Comic book series published by DC Comics. The Phantom Stranger is a Fictional character of unspecified Paranormal origins who battles mysterious and Occult forces in various titles published In one of these explanations, the Stranger confirms to a priest that he is the Wandering Jew. ^[10]

George K. Anderson's The Legend of the Wandering Jew ^[11] is a scholarly survey of the literature of the Wandering Jew from legends to the modern era.

In film and on stage

There have been several films entitled The Wandering Jew. A 1933 British version, starring Conrad Veidt in the title role, is based on the stage play by E. Temple Thurston, and attempts to tell quite literally the original legend, taking the Jew from Biblical times all the way to the Spanish Inquisition. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Conrad Veidt ( January 22 1893 &ndash April 3 1943) was a German Actor, well known for his roles in such films as Ernest Temple Thurston ( September 23, 1879 - March 19, 1933) was an Anglo-Irish Poet, Playwright and Author Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The Spanish Inquisition started and was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile to maintain This version was also made as a silent film in 1923, starring Matheson Lang in his original stage role. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Matheson Alexander Lang ( May 15, 1879 – April 11, 1948) was a Canadian-born stage and film actor and playwright in the early 20th century The play had been produced both in London and on Broadway. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Co-produced in the U. S. by David Belasco, it had played on Broadway in 1921. David Belasco ( July 25, 1853 - May 14, 1931) was an American Playwright, Impresario, director

Another film version, intended for anti-Semitic propaganda in Germany, 1940 Der Ewige Jude, reflected the Nazi outlook. Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility The Eternal Jew is a 1940 Propaganda film. Its title in German is Der ewige Jude, the German term for the character of Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Still another film version of the story, made in Italy in 1948, starred Vittorio Gassman. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vittorio Gassman ( September 1, 1922 – June 29, 2000) popularly known as Il Mattatore, was an Italian Theatre

In the 1988 film The Seventh Sign this legendary character appears as a Father Lucci, who identifies himself as the centuries old Cartaphilus, Pilate's porter, who took part in the scourging of Jesus before his crucifixion (a combination of the Wandering Jew and the Longinus legend). The Seventh Sign is a 1988 film written by Clifford and Ellen Green and directed by Carl Schultz. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Saint Longinus is the name given in medieval and some modern Christian traditions to a Roman soldier who pierced Jesus in his side with a lance He wishes to assist in bringing about the end of the world in order that his interminable wandering might come to an end as well.

Glen Berger's 2001 play Underneath the Lintel is a monologue by a Dutch librarian who delves into the history of a book which is returned 113 years overdue, and becomes convinced that the borrower was the Wandering Jew. Glen Berger’s plays include Underneath the Lintel (Over 450 performances Off-Broadway Ovation Award (Los Angeles Sterling Award (Edmonton and Connecticut Critics Circle Award for Underneath the Lintel is a 90-minute one-act play by Glen Berger which premiered in 2001 It has been performed on Off-Broadway, in the London West End, the Alley Theatre in Houston ^[12] and on BBC Radio 4 ^[13]. Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City. West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" The Alley Theatre is an indoor theatre in the city of Houston, Texas, and hosts two stages

Notes

References

• Anderson, George K. Brown University is a highly esteemed private University located in Providence, Rhode Island and is a member of the Ivy League. The Saturday Play is a regular feature on BBC Radio 4 and is described as "Thrillers mysteries love stories and detective fiction as well as an occasional Richard Schiff (born May 27, 1955) is an Emmy Award -winning American actor The Legend of the Wandering Jew. Providence: Brown University Press, 1965. xi, 489 p. ; reprint edition ISBN 0-87451-547-5 Collects both literary versions and folk versions.
• Hasan-Rokem, Galit and Alan DundesThe Wandering Jew: Essays in the Interpretation of a Christian Legend (Bloomington:Indiana University Press) 1986. Twentieth-century folkloristic renderings.

External links

• The Wandering Jew, by Eugène Sue, available at Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
• Catholic Encyclopedia entry
• The (presumed) End of the Wandering Jew from The Golden Calf by Ilf and Petrov
• The legend of the wandering Jew in Europe and in Romania
• The Wandering Jew FAQ

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