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Walther Flemming
Walther Flemming
Walther Flemming
Born April 21, 1843
Sachsenberg
Died August 4, 1905
Kiel
Nationality Germany
Alma mater University of Rostock
Known for cytogenetics

Walther Flemming (born April 21, 1843 in Sachsenberg, Germany; died August 4, 1905 in Kiel) was a founder of the study of cytogenetics. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting For the city in the United States, see Kiel Wisconsin. For the name see Kiel (name. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Rostock (Universität Rostock is the University of the city Rostock, in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Cytogenetics is a branch of Genetics that is concerned with the study of chromosomes and cell division Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting For the city in the United States, see Kiel Wisconsin. For the name see Kiel (name. Cytogenetics is a branch of Genetics that is concerned with the study of chromosomes and cell division

Polytene chromosomes in a Chironimus salivary gland cell, one of over 100 drawings from Flemming's book Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung, 1882
Polytene chromosomes in a Chironimus salivary gland cell, one of over 100 drawings from Flemming's book Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung, 1882
Illustrations of cells with chromosomes and mitosis, from the book Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung, 1882
Illustrations of cells with chromosomes and mitosis, from the book Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung, 1882

He was born as the fifth child and only son of the psychiatrist Carl Friedrich Flemming (1799-1880) and his second wife, Auguste Winter. A psychiatrist (also archaically called an alienist) is a Physician who specializes in Psychiatry and is certified in treating Mental disorders He did his basic studies at the Gymnasium der Residenzstadt, where one of his colleagues and lifelong friends was writer Heinrich Seidel [1]. Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Seidel ( 25 June 1842, Perlin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 7 November 1906, Berlin) was

Flemming trained in medicine at the University of Rostock, graduating in 1868. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the The University of Rostock (Universität Rostock is the University of the city Rostock, in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Afterwards. he served in 1870-1871 as a military physician in the Franco-Prussian War. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 From 1873 to 1876 he worked as a teacher at the University of Prague. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year In 1876 he accepted a post as a professor of anatomy at the University of Kiel, where he stayed until 1901, shortly before his death, and where he became the director of the Anatomical Institute. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration The University of Kiel ( German Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, CAU) is a University in the city of Kiel, Germany Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Making use of aniline dyes he was able to find a structure which strongly absorbed basophilic dyes, which he named chromatin. Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an Organic compound with the formula C6H7N A dye can generally be described as a Colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied Basophilic is a technical term used by histologists. It describes the microscopic appearance of cells and tissues as seen down the Microscope, Chromatin is the complex basis of DNA and protein that makes up Chromosomes It is found inside the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, and within the He identified that chromatin was correlated to threadlike structures in the cell nucleus— the chromosomes (meaning coloured body), which were thus named later on by German anatomist Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836-1921). In Cell biology, the nucleus (pl nuclei; from Latin la ''nucleus'' or la ''nuculeus'' "little nut" or kernel is a membrane-enclosed A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and Protein that is found in cells. Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz ( October 6, 1836, Hehlen an der Weser, Braunschweig, Germany – January 23 The Belgian scientist Edouard Van Beneden (1846-1910) had independently observed them, too. Edouard Van Beneden ( 5 March, 1846, Leuven – 28 April, 1910, Liège) son of Pierre-Joseph Van Beneden, was

Flemming investigated the process of cell division and the distribution of chromosomes to the daughter nuclei, a process he called mitosis from the Greek word for thread. Cell division is a process by which a cell, called the parent cell divides into two or more cells called daughter cells. Mitosis is the process in which a Eukaryotic cell separates the Chromosomes in its Cell nucleus, into two identical sets in two daughter nuclei However, he did not yet realize the splitting into identical halves, the daughter chromatids. He studied mitosis both in vivo and in stained preparations, using as the source of biological material the fins and gills of salamanders. In vivo ( Latin: within the living means that which takes place inside an organism. fin is a surface used to produce lift and Thrust or to steer while traveling in Water, air or other Fluid media A gill is an anatomical structure found in many aquatic organisms Salamander (orig from Persian: sām, "fire" and andarūn, "within" is the common name for a group of approximately 500 Species These results were published in 1882 in the seminal book Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung (1882; Cell Substance, Nucleus and Cell Division). Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common On the basis of his discoveries, Flemming surmised for the first time that all cell nuclei came from another predecessor nucleus (he coined the phrase omnis nucleus e nucleo, after Virchow's omnis cellula e cellula). Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow ( 13 October 1821 &ndash 5 September 1902) was a German doctor, anthropologist, public health

Flemming was unaware of Gregor Mendel's (1822-1884) work on heredity, so he did not make the connection between his observations and genetic inheritance. Gregor Johann Mendel ( July 20, 1822 &ndash January 6, 1884) was Two decades would pass before the significance of Flemming's work was truly realized with the rediscovery of Mendel's rules. His discovery of mitosis and chromosomes is considered one of the 100 most important scientific discoveries of all times [2], and one of the 10 most important discoveries in cell biology [3] (together with August Weismann's (1834-1914) discovery of meiosis, Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) and Matthias Schleiden's (1804-1881) cell theory and Thomas Hunt Morgan's (1866-1945) first genetic maps). See also List of basic cell biology topics. Cell biology (also called cellular biology or formerly cytology, from the Friedrich Leopold August Weismann (Birth January 17, 1834 in Frankfurt am Main; Death In Biology or life science meiosis (pronounced my-oh-sis is a process of reductional division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half Not to be confused with army general Theodore Schwan. ---- Theodor Schwann ( December 7, 1810 &ndash January Matthias Jakob Schleiden ( April 5, 1804 - June 23, 1881) was a German Botanist and co-founder of the Cell theory Cell Theory refers to the idea that cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing Thomas Hunt Morgan ( September 25, 1866 &ndash December 4, 1945) was an American geneticist and embryologist. Genetic linkage occurs when particular genetic loci or Alleles for genes are inherited jointly

Flemming's name is honoured by a medal awarded by the German Society for Cell Biology (Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zellbiologie).

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