Wade-Giles pronounced /ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz/ (simplified Chinese: 威妥玛拼音 or 韦氏拼音; traditional Chinese: 威妥瑪拼音 or 韋氏拼音; pinyin: wēituǒmǎ pīnyīn), sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and transcription) for the Chinese language based on the form of Mandarin used in Beijing. The Romanization of Chinese is the use of the Latin alphabet to write Chinese Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Chinese transcription of the École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO was the most used phonetic transcription of Chinese in the French speaking world until the middle Gwoyeu Romatzyh (literally "National Romanization " abbreviated GR, is a system for writing Mandarin Chinese in the Latin alphabet The spelling of Gwoyeu Romatzyh (GR can be divided into its treatment of initials finals and tones GR uses contrasting unvoiced/voiced Latinxua Sin Wenz ( also known as Sin Wenz, Latinxua Sinwenz, Zhongguo Latinxua Sin Wenz, Beifangxua Latinxua Sin Wenz or Latinxua Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (國語注音符號第二式 abbreviated MPS II is a Romanization system formerly used in the Republic of China ( Taiwan Chinese Postal Map Romanization ( Traditional Chinese: 郵政式拼音 Simplified Chinese: 邮政式拼音 Pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì Pīnyīn refers to the Tongyong pinyin ( was the official Romanization of Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) between 2002 and 2008 The Yale romanizations are four systems created during World War II for use by United States military personnel. Legge romanization is a Transcription system for Mandarin Chinese, used by the prolific 19th century sinologist James Legge. Simplified Wade is a modification of the Wade-Giles Romanization system for writing Mandarin Chinese. Below is a table from pinyininfo which compares the different Romanizations of Standard Mandarin. Standard Cantonese is the standard variant of the Cantonese (Yuet language Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese The Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation ( not an official name is the more or less consistent way for romanising Cantonese Proper nouns Jyutping (sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a Romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK The Meyer-Wempe Romanization system was developed by two Catholic missionaries in Hong Kong, Bernhard F Sidney Lau is a system of romanisation for Standard Cantonese, developed by Sidney Lau for teaching Cantonese For Cantonese romanisation scheme derived by S L Wong see S L For Cantonese transcription scheme derived by S L Wong see S L Standard Cantonese Pinyin ( is a Romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by Yu Bingzhao (余秉昭 in 1971, and subsequently modified Standard Romanization is a Romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by Christian missionaries in South China in 1888 The Yale romanizations are four systems created during World War II for use by United States military personnel. The Barnett-Chao (abbreviated here as B-C) system of romanization for writing Cantonese is based on the principles of the Gwoyeu Romatzyh system (abbreviated Northern Wu Romanization Scheme So called "Long-short" (长短音 because its use of assigning 2 vowel letters for long vowels and 1 vowel letter for short vowels (those syllables that The Southern Min language or Min Nan ( POJ: Bân-lâm-gú or "Southern Fujian" language refers to a family of Chinese languages Dialects Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( POJ) ( is an Orthography in the Latin alphabet created and introduced to Fujian and Taiwan by Presbyterian Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese The Eastern Min language or Min Dong ( Foochow Romanized: Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ is the language mainly spoken in the eastern part of Fujian Province Foochow Romanized, aka Bàng-uâ-cê ( BUC for short Chinese characters: 平話字 or Mei County ( Chinese 梅县 pinyin Méixiàn is a county in northeastern Guangdong province the People's Republic of China. Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( POJ) ( is an Orthography in the Latin alphabet created and introduced to Fujian and Taiwan by Presbyterian General Chinese (GC is a phonetic system invented by Yuen Ren Chao to represent the pronunciations of all major Chinese dialects simultaneously This transcription is known as the Palladiy system and is the official Cyrillization of Chinese in Russia. Xiao'erjing or Xiao'erjin ( Xiao'erjing ar شِيَوْ عَر دٍ or in its shortened form Xiaojing ( is the practice of writing Sinitic languages The Romanisation of the Chinese language in Singapore is not dictated by a single policy nor is its policy implementation consistent as the local Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or It developed from a system produced by Thomas Wade in the mid-19th century, and reached settled form with Herbert Giles's Chinese-English dictionary of 1892. Sir Thomas Francis Wade, GCMG, KCB ( 25 August, 1818 – 31 July, 1895) was a London -born British The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Herbert Allen Giles ( 8 December, 1845 – 13 February, 1935) was a British diplomat and Sinologist, educated at Charterhouse English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A dictionary is a book of alphabetically listed Words in a specific language with definitions etymologies pronunciations and other information or a book of alphabetically Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Wade-Giles was the main system of transcription in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century, used in several standard reference books and in all books about China published before 1979. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) ^[1] It replaced the Nanjing-based romanization systems that had been common until late in the 19th century. ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar It has mostly been replaced by the pinyin system today, but parts of it, especially the names of individuals and certain cities remain in use in the Republic of China (Taiwan). Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

Contents 1 Transcription, not transliteration 2 History 3 Technical aspects 3.1 One symbol-multiple sounds 3.2 One sound-multiple symbols 3.3 Precision with empty rime 3.4 Partial interchangeability of uo and e with o 3.5 Punctuation 3.6 Comparison with Pinyin 3.7 Comparison chart 4 Influences 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Transcription, not transliteration

Although frequently improperly called "transliteration", Wade-Giles' system is a transcription of Chinese. Transcription is the conversion into written typewritten or printed form of a Spoken language source such as the proceedings of a court hearing There can be no transliteration of Chinese script into any phonetic script, like the Latin (or English) alphabet. Transliteration is the practice of Transcribing a Word or text written in one Writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either Any system of romanization of Chinese renders the sounds (pronunciation) and not the logographic characters (written form). In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or Sound' is Vibration transmitted through a Solid, Liquid, or Gas; particularly sound means those vibrations composed of Frequencies A logogram, or logograph, is a Grapheme which represents a word or a Morpheme (a meaningful unit of language

History

Wade-Giles was developed by Thomas Francis Wade, a British ambassador in China and Chinese scholar who was the first professor of Chinese at Cambridge University. Sir Thomas Francis Wade, GCMG, KCB ( 25 August, 1818 – 31 July, 1895) was a London -born British The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Wade published the first Chinese textbook in English in 1867. The system was refined in 1912 by Herbert Allen Giles, a British diplomat in China. Herbert Allen Giles ( 8 December, 1845 – 13 February, 1935) was a British diplomat and Sinologist, educated at Charterhouse ^[2]

The Wade-Giles system was designed to transcribe Chinese terms, for Chinese specialists. This origin has led to a general sense that the system is non-intuitive for non-specialists and not useful for teaching Chinese pronunciation.

The Republic of China (Taiwan) has used Wade-Giles for decades as the de facto standard, co-existing with several official but obscure Romanizations in succession, namely, Gwoyeu Romatzyh (1928), MPS II (1986), and Tongyong Pinyin (2000). REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or Gwoyeu Romatzyh (literally "National Romanization " abbreviated GR, is a system for writing Mandarin Chinese in the Latin alphabet Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (國語注音符號第二式 abbreviated MPS II is a Romanization system formerly used in the Republic of China ( Taiwan Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Tongyong pinyin ( was the official Romanization of Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) between 2002 and 2008 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Taiwanese place names are still being virtually written in Wade-Giles, and many Chinese Americans and Canadians also write their Chinese names in Wade-Giles. Chinese Americans ( Chinese: 华裔美国人 are Americans of Chinese descent Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

The Hanyu Pinyin system is the official and most widely used system in the People's Republic of China. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES In Singapore, Pinyin is taught in national schools and widely used in official documents, although a reversal of government policy changed the requirement to register people's Chinese names in Pinyin. Singapore Wade-Giles spellings and Pinyin spellings for Taiwanese place names and words long accepted in English usage are still used interchangeably in English-language texts in both countries.

Technical aspects

One symbol-multiple sounds

A common complaint about the Wade-Giles system is the representation of the unaspirated-aspirated stop consonant pairs using apostrophes: p, p', t, t', k, k', ch, ch'. A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a Consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the Vocal tract. However, the use of apostrophes preserves b, d, g, and j for the romanization of Chinese dialects containing voiced consonants, such as Shanghainese (which has a full set of voiced consonants) and Taiwanese (Hō-ló-oē) whose century-old Missionary Romanisation is similar to Wade-Giles. Spoken Chinese ( comprises many regional variants the largest of which are Mandarin, Wu, Cantonese, and Min. Voice or voicing is a term used in Phonetics and Phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless Shanghainese (上海閒話 in Shanghainese sometimes referred to as the Shanghai dialect, is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in the city of Shanghai Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( POJ) ( is an Orthography in the Latin alphabet created and introduced to Fujian and Taiwan by Presbyterian

On the other hand, people unfamiliar with the Wade-Giles often ignore the apostrophes, even so far as leaving them out when copying texts, unaware that they represent vital information. Hanyu Pinyin addresses this issue by employing the Latin letters customarily used for voiced stops, unneeded in Mandarin, to represent the unaspirated stops: b, p, d, t, g, k, j, q, zh, ch. Another approach, adopted in the Legge and Simplified Wade systems, is to add the letter h instead of an apostrophe to indicate aspiration (this is similar to the superscript ^h used in IPA). Legge romanization is a Transcription system for Mandarin Chinese, used by the prolific 19th century sinologist James Legge. Simplified Wade is a modification of the Wade-Giles Romanization system for writing Mandarin Chinese.

Partly because of the popular omission of the apostrophe, the four sounds represented in Hanyu Pinyin by j, q, zh, and ch all become ch in many literature and personal names. However, were the diacritics to be kept, the system reveals a symmetry that leaves no overlap:

• The non-retroflex ch (Pinyin j) and ch' (Pinyin q) are always before either i or ü. In Phonetics, retroflex consonants are Consonant sounds used in some Languages (They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants
• The retroflex ch (Pinyin zh) and ch' (Pinyin ch) are always before a, e, ih, o, or u. In Phonetics, retroflex consonants are Consonant sounds used in some Languages (They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants

Furthermore, Wade uses lo for three distinct sounds (le, luo, and lo in Pinyin); jo for two (re and ruo); and no for two (ne and nuo).

One sound-multiple symbols

In addition to several sounds presented using the same letter(s), sometimes, one single sound is represented using several sets of letters. There exists two versions of Wade-Giles Romanizations for each of the Pinyin syllables zi, ci, and si.

• The older version writes tsû, ts'û, and ssû
• The newer version writes:
  • tzu for tsû, but it still remains ts- before other vowels, as in tsung for the Pinyin zong.
  • tz'u for ts'û, but remains ts'- before other vowels.
  • szu or ssu for ssû, but is s- before other vowels. Note, not ss-.

Precision with empty rime

On the other hand, Wade-Giles shows precisions not found in other major Romanizations in regard to the rendering of the two types of empty rimes (simplified Chinese: 空韵; traditional Chinese: 空韻; pinyin: kōngyùn):

• -u (formerly û) after the sibilant tz, tz', and s (Pinyin z, c, and s). In the study of Phonology in Linguistics, the rime or rhyme of a Syllable consists of a nucleus and an optional coda Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use A sibilant is a type of Fricative or Affricate Consonant, made by directing a jet of air through a narrow channel in the Vocal tract towards
• -ih after the retroflex ch, ch', sh, and j (Pinyin zh, ch, sh, and r). In Phonetics, retroflex consonants are Consonant sounds used in some Languages (They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants

These empty rimes are all written as -i in Hanyu Pinyin (hence undistinguishable from true i as in li), and all written as -ih in Tongyong Pinyin. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Tongyong pinyin ( was the official Romanization of Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) between 2002 and 2008 Zhuyin, as a non-Romanization, does not require the representation of any empty rime.

Partial interchangeability of uo and e with o

What is pronounced as a close-mid back unrounded vowel is written usually as -e as in pinyin, but sometimes as -o. The close-mid back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ɤ Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use This vowel in an isolate syllable is written as o or ê. When placed in a syllable, it is e; except when preceded by k, k', and h, when it is o.

What is actually pronounced as -uo is virtually always written as -o in Wade-Giles, except shuo and the three syllables of kuo, k'uo, and huo, which already have the counterparts of ko, k'o, and ho that represent pinyin ge, ke, and he.

Punctuation

In addition to the apostrophes used for distinguishing the multiple sounds of a single Latin symbol, Wade-Giles uses hyphens to separate all syllables within a word, whereas Pinyin only uses apostrophes to separate ambiguous syllables. A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes A syllable ( Greek:) is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds A word is a unit of Language that carries meaning and consists of one or more Morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together and has a Phonetic Originally in his dictionary, Giles used left apostrophes (‘) consistently. Such orientation was followed in Sinological works until the 1950s or 60s, when it started to be gradually replaced by right apostrophes (’) in academic literature. On-line publications almost invariably use the plain apostrophe ('). Apostrophes are completely ignored in Taiwanese passports, hence their absence in overseas Chinese names.

If the syllable is not the first in a word, its first letter is not capitalized, even if it is a proper noun. Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D, The use of apostrophes, hyphens, and capitalization is frequently not observed in placenames and personal names. For example, the majority of overseas Chinese of Taiwanese origin write their given names like "Tai Lun" or "Tai-Lun", whereas the Wade-Giles actually writes "Tai-lun". Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The capitalization issue arises partly because ROC passports indiscriminately capitalize all letters of the holder's names (beside the photograph). It is also due to the misunderstanding that the second syllable is a middle name. Many people's Names include one or more middle names, placed between the first Given name and the Surname. (See also Chinese name)

Wade-Giles uses superscript numbers to indicate tone, and official Pinyin uses diacritics. Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. A number is an Abstract object, tokens of which are Symbols used in Counting and measuring. Tone is the use of pitch in Language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is to distinguish or inflect words The tone marks are ignored except in textbooks. A textbook is a manual of instruction or a standard book in any branch of study

Comparison with Pinyin

• Wade-Giles chose the French-like j to represent a Northerner's pronunciation of what now is represented as r in Pinyin. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people
• Ü always has a diaresis above, while Pinyin only employs it in the cases of nü and lü, while leaving it out in -ue, ju-, qu-, xu-, -uan and yu- as a simplification because u cannot otherwise appear in those positions. In Linguistics, diaeresis, or dieresis, is the pronunciation of two adjacent Vowels in two separate Syllables rather than as a Diphthong U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː Because yü (as in 玉 "jade") must have a diaresis in Wade, the diaresis-less yu in Wade-Giles is freed up for what correspond to you (有) in Pinyin.
• The Pinyin vowel cluster ong is ung in Wade-Giles. In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract (Compare Kung Fu to Gong Fu as an example. Kung fu and wushu are popular terms that have become synonymous with Chinese Martial arts. )
• After a consonant, both the Wade-Giles and Pinyin vowel cluster uei is written ui. Furthermore, both Romanizations use iu and un instead of the complete syllables: iou and uen.
• Single i is never preceded by y, as in pinyin. The only exception is in placenames, which are hyphenless, so without a y, syllable ambiguity could arise. Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology.
• The isolated syllable eh is written as ê, like in Pinyin. Eh (ˈeɪ or /ˈɛ/ in English is a spoken Interjection in Armenian, Japanese, English, Dutch, Italian, (Schwa is occasionally written as ê as well. In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral ) But unlike Pinyin, which uses -e if there is a consonant preceding the sound, Wade-Giles uses -eh. (See circumflex)
• In addition to being the schwa, ê also represents the Pinyin er as êrh. Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral

Comparison chart

Vowels a, e, o, i

IPA	ɑ	ɔ	ɤ	aɪ	eɪ	ɑʊ	ɤʊ	an	ən	ɑŋ	ɤŋ	ɑɻ	ʊŋ	i	iɛ	iɤʊ	iɛn	iɪn	jiŋ
Pinyin	a	o	e	ai	ei	ao	ou	an	en	ang	eng	er	ong	yi	ye	you	yan	yin	ying
Tongyong Pinyin	a	o	e	ai	ei	ao	ou	an	en	ang	eng	er	ong	yi	ye	you	yan	yin	ying
Wade-Giles	a	o	o/ê	ai	ei	ao	ou	an	ên	ang	êng	êrh	ung	i	yeh	yu	yen	yin	ying
Zhuyin	ㄚ	ㄛ	ㄜ	ㄞ	ㄟ	ㄠ	ㄡ	ㄢ	ㄣ	ㄤ	ㄥ	ㄦ	ㄨㄥ	ㄧ	ㄧㄝ	ㄧㄡ	ㄧㄢ	ㄧㄣ	ㄧㄥ
example	阿	哦	俄	艾	黑	凹	偶	安	恩	昂	冷	二	中	一	也	又	言	音	英

Vowels u, y

IPA	u	uɔ	ueɪ	uan	uən	uʊn	uɤŋ	uʊŋ	y	yɛ	yɛn	yn	iʊŋ
Pinyin	wu	wo	wei	wan	wen		weng		yu	yue	yuan	yun	yong
Tongyong Pinyin	wu	wo	wei	wan		wun		wong	yu	yue	yuan	yun	yong
Wade-Giles	wu	wo	wei	wan	wên		wêng		yü	yüeh	yüan	yün	yung
Zhuyin	ㄨ	ㄨㄛ	ㄨㄟ	ㄨㄢ	ㄨㄣ		ㄨㄥ		ㄩ	ㄩㄝ	ㄩㄢ	ㄩㄣ	ㄩㄥ
example	五	我	位	完	文		翁		玉	月	元	云	用

Non-sibilant consonants

IPA	p	pʰ	m	fəŋ	fʊŋ	tiou	tuei	tʰ	ny	ly	kəɻ	kʰ	xə
Pinyin	b	p	m	feng		diu	dui	t	nü	lü	ger	k	he
Tongyong Pinyin	b	p	m		fong	diou	duei	t	nyu	lyu	ger	k	he
Wade-Giles	p	p'	m	fêng		tiu	tui	t'	nü	lü	kêrh	k'	ho
Zhuyin	ㄅ	ㄆ	ㄇ	ㄈㄥ		ㄉㄧㄡ	ㄉㄨㄟ	ㄊ	ㄋㄩ	ㄌㄩ	ㄍㄜㄦ	ㄎ	ㄏㄜ
example	玻	婆	末	封		丟	兌	特	女	旅	歌儿	可	何

Sibilant consonants

IPA	tɕiɛn	tɕyʊŋ	tɕʰɪn	ɕyɛn	ʈʂə	ʈʂɚ	ʈʂʰə	ʈʂʰɚ	ʂə	ʂɚ	ʐə	ʐɚ	tsə	tsuɔ	tsɨ	tsʰə	tsʰɨ	sə	sɨ
Pinyin	jian	jiong	qin	xuan	zhe	zhi	che	chi	she	shi	re	ri	ze	zuo	zi	ce	ci	se	si
Tongyong Pinyin	jian	jyong	cin	syuan	jhe	jhih	che	chih	she	shih	re	rih	ze	zuo	zih	ce	cih	se	sih
Wade-Giles	chien	chiung	ch'in	hsüan	chê	chih	ch'ê	ch'ih	shê	shih	jê	jih	tsê	tso	tzŭ	ts'ê	tz'ŭ	sê	szŭ
Zhuyin	ㄐㄧㄢ	ㄐㄩㄥ	ㄑㄧㄣ	ㄒㄩㄢ	ㄓㄜ	ㄓ	ㄔㄜ	ㄔ	ㄕㄜ	ㄕ	ㄖㄜ	ㄖ	ㄗㄜ	ㄗㄨㄛ	ㄗ	ㄘㄜ	ㄘ	ㄙㄜ	ㄙ
example	件	窘	秦	宣	哲	之	扯	赤	社	是	惹	日	仄	左	字	策	次	色	斯

Tones

IPA	ma˥˥	ma˧˥	ma˨˩˦	ma˥˩	ma
Pinyin	mā	má	mǎ	mà	ma
Tongyong Pinyin	ma	má	mǎ	mà	må
Wade-Giles	ma1	ma2	ma3	ma4	ma0
Zhuyin	ㄇㄚ	ㄇㄚˊ	ㄇㄚˇ	ㄇㄚˋ	ㄇㄚ・
example (traditional/simplfied)	媽/妈	麻/麻	馬/马	罵/骂	媽媽/妈妈

Note: In Hanyu Pinyin the so-called 5th accent (neutral accent) is written leaving the syllable with no diacritic mark at all. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Tongyong pinyin ( was the official Romanization of Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) between 2002 and 2008 Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Tongyong pinyin ( was the official Romanization of Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) between 2002 and 2008 Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Tongyong pinyin ( was the official Romanization of Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) between 2002 and 2008 Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Tongyong pinyin ( was the official Romanization of Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) between 2002 and 2008 Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Tongyong pinyin ( was the official Romanization of Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) between 2002 and 2008 In Tong-yong Pin-Yin a ring is written over the vowel instead.

Influences

Chinese Postal Map Romanization is based on Wade-Giles, but incorporating a number of exceptions that override the systematic rules. Chinese Postal Map Romanization ( Traditional Chinese: 郵政式拼音 Simplified Chinese: 邮政式拼音 Pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì Pīnyīn refers to the

See also

• Simplified Wade
• Cyrillization of Chinese from Wade-Giles
• Daoism-Taoism Romanization issue
• Legge romanization

References

External links

• Chinese Romanization Converter – Convert between Hanyu Pinyin, Wade-Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh and other known or (un-)common Romanization systems.
• Wade-Giles → Zhuyin → Pinyin conversion table (See Zhuyin)
• Pinyin → Wade-Giles → Zhuyin conversion table
• Wade-Giles → Zhuyin → Pinyin → Word list
• A conversion table of Chinese provinces and cities from Wade-Giles to Pinyin
• Pinyin4j: Java library supporting Chinese to Wade-Giles – Support Simplified and Tranditional Chinese; Support most popular Pinyin systems, including Hanyu Pinyin, Tongyong Pinyin, Wade-Giles, MPS2, Yale and Gwoyeu Romatzyh; Support multiple pronunciations of a single character; Support customized output, such as ü or tone marks.
• Pronunciation Guide – From Chuang Tzu's Genius of the Absurd
• Chinese without a teacher, Chinese phrasebook by Herbert Giles with romanization

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