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WYSIWYG (pronounced /ˈwɪziwɪg/^[1] or /ˈwɪzɪwɪg/^[2]), is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get, used in computing to describe a system in which content displayed during editing appears very similar to the final output,^[3] which might be a printed document, web page, slide presentation or even the lighting for a theatrical event. Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name Computing is usually defined like the activity of using and developing Computer technology Computer hardware and software.

The phrase was originally a popular catch phrase originated by Flip Wilson's drag persona "Geraldine" (from Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In in the late 60s and then on The Flip Wilson Show until 1974), who would often say "What you see is what you get" to excuse her quirky behavior. A catch phrase (or catchphrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance Clerow Wilson Jr, known professionally as Flip Wilson, ( December 8, 1933 &ndash November 25, 1998) was an American Here Comes The Judge redirects here for the 1968 song see Shorty Long. The Flip Wilson Show is a Variety show that aired in the US on NBC from September 17, 1970 to June 27,

Meaning

Compound document displayed on Xerox 8010 Star system

WYSIWYG implies a user interface that allows the user to view something very similar to the end result while the document is being created. The Star Workstation, officially known as the Xerox 8010 Information System, was introduced The user interface (or Human Computer Interface) is the aggregate of means by which people&mdash the users '&mdash interact with the System A document (noun is a bounded physical representation of body of Information designed with the capacity (and usually intent to Communicate. In general WYSIWYG implies the ability to directly manipulate the layout of a document without having to type or remember names of layout commands. The actual meaning depends on the user's perspective, e. g.

• In Presentation programs, Compound documents and web pages, WYSIWYG means the display precisely represents the appearance of the page displayed to the end-user, but does not necessarily reflect how the page will be printed unless the printer is specifically matched to the editing program, as it was with the Xerox Star and early versions of the Apple Macintosh. A presentation program is a Computer software package used to display information normally in the form of a Slide show. In Computing, a compound document is a document type typically produced using word processing software and is a regular text document intermingled with non-text A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a The Star Workstation, officially known as the Xerox 8010 Information System, was introduced Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc
• In Word Processing and Desktop Publishing applications, WYSIWYG means the display simulates the appearance and precisely represents the effect of fonts and line breaks on the final pagination using a specific printer configuration, so that a citation on page 1 of a 500-page document can accurately refer to a reference 300 pages later. Desktop publishing (also known as DTP) combines a Personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout Software to create Publication Documents ^[4]
• WYSIWYG also describes ways to manipulate 3D models in Stereochemistry, Computer-aided design, 3D computer graphics and is the brand name of Cast Software's lighting design tool used in the theatre industry for pre-visualisation of shows. Stereochemistry, a subdiscipline of Chemistry, involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of Atoms within Molecules An important branch 3D computer graphics (in contrast to 2D computer graphics) are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer

The program on the left uses a WYSIWYG editor to produce a document. The program on the right contains LaTeX code, which when compiled will produce a document that will look very similar to the document on the left. LaTeX (ˈleɪtɛ Compilation of formatting code is not a WYSIWYG process.

Modern software does a good job of optimizing the screen display for a particular type of output. For example, a word processor is optimized for output to a typical printer. The software often emulates the resolution of the printer in order to get as close as possible to WYSIWYG. However, that is not the main attraction of WYSIWYG, which is the ability of the user to be able to visualize what he or she is producing.

In many situations, the subtle differences between what you see and what you get are unimportant. In fact, applications may offer multiple WYSIWYG modes with different levels of "realism," including:

• A composition mode, in which the user sees something somewhat similar to the end result, but with additional information useful while composing, such as section breaks and non-printing characters, and uses a layout that is more conducive to composing than to layout.
• A layout mode, in which the user sees something very similar to the end result, but with some additional information useful in ensuring that elements are properly aligned and spaced, such as margin lines.
• A preview mode, in which the application attempts to present a representation that is as close to the final result as possible.

Applications may deliberately deviate or offer alternative composing layouts from a WYSIWYG because of overhead or the user's preference to enter commands or code directly.

A common understanding is that this does not mean "Similar", as stated above, but as close as possible, is an "exact representation" of what the appearance will be.

Historical notes

WordPerfect 5. 1 for DOS on the IBM PC was a text-only, non-WYSIWYG word processor.

Before the invention of WYSIWYG, text and control characters appeared in the same typeface and style with little indication of layout (margins, spacing, etc. In Typography, a typeface is a set of one or more Fonts designed with stylistic unity each comprising a coordinated set of Glyphs A typeface usually comprises ). Users were required to enter code tags to indicate that some text should be in boldface, italics, or a different typeface or size. In Typography, emphasis is the exaggeration of words in a text with a font in a different style from the rest of the text&mdashto emphasise them In Typography, italic type /ɪˈtælɪk/ or /aɪˈtælɪk/ refers to cursive Typefaces based on a stylized form of calligraphic Handwriting. In Typography, a typeface is a set of one or more Fonts designed with stylistic unity each comprising a coordinated set of Glyphs A typeface usually comprises These applications used an arbitrary markup language to define the tags. A markup language is an Artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed Because of its simplicity, this method remains popular for some basic text editing applications.

Due to the high cost of computer memory in the early days of microcomputer development, true graphical displays were uncommon and expensive. microcomputer is a Computer with a Microprocessor as its Central processing unit. An early video display was often text-only, constructed from a simple bitmapped character set stored permanently in Read Only Memory in the computer, with each character represented by a single byte of data. In Computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a Data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of Pixels Many home computers used standard televisions for the computer screen, and most consumer televisions in the early 1980's were unable to show a high degree of detail without blurring and smearing. A home computer was a class of Personal computer entering the market in 1977 and becoming common during the 1980s

Consequently the earliest home computers used a simple text-only display approximately 40 characters wide and 24 characters tall, which at 960 characters allows the entire screen of data to fit into 1 kilobyte of memory. The high cost of making ROMs often limited the available built-in character set so as to not have room for lowercase, accented, boldface, italic, or underlined characters.

In order to approach a somewhat more realistic word processing environment, many early word processors such as Bank Street Writer used the microcomputer's graphical display modes to simulate a more proper textual display with true lowercase letters, underlining, and so forth. Bank Street Writer was a Word processor for Apple II, Atari 8-bit, Commodore, Macintosh, and IBM PC computers But because the text was painstakingly drawn character-by-character as a graphical image by software rather than being directly supported in hardware, these graphics-simulated text editors were sluggish and could lag behind the speed of a fast typist. And even though a graphical display permitted more realistic character sets, the text was still usually limited to the printer's built-in fonts due to the large amount of additional memory that bitmapped fonts required and the limited system memory available.

Fonts did not become widely understood by the general public until after WYSIWYG became popular. In typography a font (also fount) is traditionally defined as a complete character set of a single size and style of a particular Typeface. Early word processors had little or no control over the final appearance of the text and relied on whatever fonts were built into the printer, with most dot-matrix printers capable of only three or four fonts referred to as Condensed, Draft, Normal, and Near Letter Quality. A dot matrix printer or impact matrix printer refers to a type of Computer printer with a print head that runs back and forth on the page and prints by impact striking A dot matrix printer or impact matrix printer refers to a type of Computer printer with a print head that runs back and forth on the page and prints by impact striking The printer font was usually selected from the front panel of the printer and applied to the entire printed document, or in the case of daisy-wheel printers, selected by physically changing the typeface disc prior to printing. A daisy wheel printer is a printing technology which produces high-quality output comparable to that produced by high-end typewriters such as the IBM Selectric. Direct control of printer fonts from within a word processor was possible, but usually required long strings of obscure control codes specific to each printer model.

The first versions of true WYSIWYG word processors allowed the user to only preview the final form of the document on-screen, as a non-editable graphical display. WordPerfect 5. 2 offered this, still using the old text-only markup language for the primary document editing, and allowing the user to briefly switch to a graphical mode to see how the document would look when printed. This final rendering was computationally intensive and was consequently slow and clumsy. Due to the deeply ingrained user-experience of past WordPerfect products, as WordPerfect 6. 0 made the transition from text-only DOS to a full WYSIWYG Windows 3. x GUI application it still held tightly onto its old code-markup system, offering two main view to the user, one version with the codes, and the other as a proper WYSIWYG live-editable version. Modern word processors still offer an option to show document formatting codes, but this feature is normally hidden from view and must be explicitly activated by the user.

Etymology

Origination of this phrase from one of the engineers (Larry Sinclair) at Triple I (Information International) to express the idea that what you see on the screen is what you get on the printer on the "Page Layout System" a pre-press typesetting system at the time called the "AIDS system - Automated Information Documentation System first prototype shown at ANPS in Las Vegas and bought right off the showroom floor by the Pasadena Star News that year.

• The phrase was originated by a newsletter published by Arlene and Jose Ramos, called WYSIWYG. It was created for the emerging Pre-Press industry going electronic in the late 1970s. After 3 years of publishing, the newsletter was sold to employees at the Stanford Research Institute in California. The first conference on the topic was organized by Jonathan Seybold and the first technology popularized at Xerox PARC during the late 1970s when the first WYSIWYG editor, Bravo, was created on the Alto. PARC (Palo Alto Research Center Inc formerly Xerox PARC, is a Research and development company in Palo Alto California that began as a division of This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Bravo was the first WYSIWYG Document preparation program. It provided multi-font capability using the Bitmap displays on The Xerox Alto was an early Personal computer developed at Xerox PARC in 1973. The Alto monitor (72 pixels per inch) was designed so that one full page of text could be seen and then printed on the first laser printers. A laser printer is a common type of Computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper When the text was laid out on the screen 72 PPI font metric files were used, but when printed 300 PPI files were used — thus one would occasionally find characters and words slightly off, a problem that continues to this day. (72 PPI came from a new measure of 72 "PostScript points" per inch. Prior to this, the standard measure of 72. 27 points per inch was used in typeface design, graphic design, typesetting and printing. )
• In parallel with but independent of the work at Xerox PARC, Hewlett Packard developed and released in late 1978 the first commercial WYSIWYG software application for producing overhead slides or what today is called presentation graphics. The first release, named "BRUNO" (after an HP sales training puppet), ran on the HP-1000 minicomputer taking advantage of HP's first bit-mapped computer terminal. BRUNO was then ported to the HP-3000 and re-released as "HP Draw".
• Seybold and the researchers at PARC were simply reappropriating a popular catch phrase of the time originated by "Geraldine", Flip Wilson's drag persona from Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In in the late 60s and then on The Flip Wilson Show, (1970–1974). A catch phrase (or catchphrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance Clerow Wilson Jr, known professionally as Flip Wilson, ( December 8, 1933 &ndash November 25, 1998) was an American Here Comes The Judge redirects here for the 1968 song see Shorty Long. The Flip Wilson Show is a Variety show that aired in the US on NBC from September 17, 1970 to June 27, Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar.
• The Apple Macintosh system was originally designed so that the screen resolution and the resolution of the dot-matrix printers sold by Apple were easily scaled: 72 PPI for the screen and 144 DPI for the printers. Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc The display resolution of a Digital television or Computer display typically refers to the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed A dot matrix printer or impact matrix printer refers to a type of Computer printer with a print head that runs back and forth on the page and prints by impact striking Dots per inch ( DPI) is a measure of spatial Printing or Video dot density in particular the number of individual dots that can be placed within the span Thus, the on-screen output of programs such as MacWrite and MacPaint were easily translated to the printer output and allowed WYSIWYG editing. MacWrite was a Word processor application released along with the first Apple Macintosh systems in 1984 MacPaint is a Bitmap -based graphics painting software program developed by Apple Computer and released with the original Macintosh With the introduction of laser printers, resolutions deviated from even multiples of the screen resolution, making WYSIWYG harder to achieve. A laser printer is a common type of Computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper
• Charles Simonyi, the PARC researcher responsible for Bravo, joined Microsoft in 1981 to start development of application programs at Microsoft. Charles Simonyi (Simonyi Károly born September 10 1948 is a Hungarian Computer software executive who as head of Microsoft 's application software Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Hence, Bravo can be seen as the direct ancestor of Microsoft Word. Microsoft Word is Microsoft 's flagship word processing software.

Problems of implementation

Because designers of WYSIWYG applications typically have to account for a variety of different output devices, each of which has different capabilities, there are a number of problems that must be solved in each implementation. These can be seen as trade-offs between multiple design goals, and hence applications that use different solutions may be suitable for different purposes.

Typically, the design goals of a WYSIWYG application may include:

• Provide high-quality printed output on a particular printer
• Provide high-quality printed output on a variety of printers
• Provide high-quality on-screen output
• Allow the user to visualise what the document will look like when printed

It is not usually possible to achieve all of these goals at once.

The major problem to be overcome is that of varying output resolution. As of 2007, monitors typically have a resolution of between 92 and 125 pixels per inch. Printers generally have resolutions between 240 and 1440 pixels per inch; in some printers the horizontal resolution is different from the vertical. This becomes a problem when trying to lay out text; because older output technologies require the spacing between characters to be a whole number of pixels, rounding errors will cause the same text to require different amounts of space in different resolutions.

Solutions to this include:

• Always laying out the text using a resolution higher than you are likely to use in practice. This can result in poor quality output for lower resolution devices (although techniques such as anti-aliasing may help mitigate this), but provides a fixed layout, allowing easy user visualisation. In Digital signal processing, anti-aliasing is the technique of minimizing the distortion artifacts known as Aliasing when representing a high-resolution signal This is the method used by Adobe Acrobat. Adobe Acrobat is a family of computer programs developed by Adobe Systems, designed to view create manipulate and manage files in Adobe's Portable Document
• Laying out the text at the resolution of the printer the document will be printed on. This can result in low quality on-screen output, and the layout may sometimes change if the document is printed on a different printer (although this problem occurs less frequently with higher resolution printers, as rounding errors are smaller). This is the method used by Microsoft Word. Microsoft Word is Microsoft 's flagship word processing software.
• Laying out the text at the resolution for the output device it will be sent to. This often results in changes in layout between the on-screen display and printed output, so is rarely used. It is common in web page designing tools that claim to be WYSIWYG, however.

Other problems that have been faced in the past include printers that have a selection of fonts that are not identical to those used for on-screen display (largely solved by the use of downloadable font technologies like TrueType) and matching color profiles between different devices (mostly solved now thanks to printer drivers with good color model conversion software). TrueType is an Outline font standard originally developed by Apple Computer in the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobe 's Type 1 fonts

Support for WYSIWYG in modern OSs

All versions of Mac OS since Mac OS X support unconstrained glyph placement. Mac OS is the trademarked name for a series of Graphical user interface -based Operating systems developed by Apple Inc Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently The positioning and spacing of glyphs on-screen will exactly match printed documents unless a programmer specifically writes their program to act otherwise.

Applications for Microsoft Windows that use the Windows Presentation Foundation, included with the OS since Windows Vista, may place glyphs freely. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. The Windows Presentation Foundation (or WPF) formerly code-named Avalon, is a graphical subsystem in. Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops Older Windows programs that use the Graphics Device Interface, the drawing system for all versions of Windows prior to Windows Vista are constrained by whole-pixel glyph positioning unless programmers produce custom text rendering code that calculates individual pixel colours for itself. The Graphics Device Interface (GDI is one of the three core components or "subsystems" together with the kernel and the Windows API for the user interface

WYSIWYG and the printing of random textual garbage

Printing WYSIWYG documents on serial and parallel printers has long posed a problem if the printer runs out of paper or experiences some other minor error. In the old days of text-only printing, when an error occurred the printer could be safely turned off and back on again, to reset the printer and prepare it to resume printing. However, when a printer is printing in WYSIWYG mode, turning the printer off and on frequently results in the printer erroneously spewing hundreds of blank pages, or pages with random characters all over the paper.

In order to provide compatibility with all the old text-only programs, most printers (including the latest color inkjet and laser printers) turn on in a basic text-only printing mode to provide backwards compatibility with old text-only software. In order to print a WYSIWYG document, the printer is sent special control codes telling it to switch to a graphical mode, where all the following data sent to the printer will be used to encode dot positions and color data. When an error occurs and the printer is mistakenly turned off and on by the user, the printer "forgets" it is in graphical printing mode and returns to the default text-only compatibility mode. Most computers cannot tell when a serial or parallel printer has been turned off, so when document printing is resumed the computer is sending raw binary data for encoding dot positions while the printer is expecting to receive plain textual data. The printer now misinterprets the raw binary data as special page formatting controls for line feeds, form feeds, boldface, etc, resulting in the random trash generated by the printer. The volume of raw data needed to print a WYSIWYG document is very large compared to the amount for a plain text-only version, so this printing of garbage can span hundreds of pages for a two-page WYSIWYG document. The fix to this problem is to turn off the printer, tell the computer to cancel the print job, and wait about ten minutes for the communications errors with the turned-off printer to resolve themselves. In severe situations it is necessary to reboot the computer to fully clear out the failed print job.

However, a recent somewhat better option has become available with USB printers. The USB interface allows for more status information to be sent between the computer and the printer, including information about device connection and disconnection. If a user turns off a USB printer, the computer is likely to receive a disconnection or turn-off notification, and will be able to gracefully back out and cancel the print job by itself without producing the reams of random garbage that parallel and serial printers would generate.

Related acronyms

As with variations on the smiley, creating variations on the acronym WYSIWYG is something of a game. An emoticon is a symbol or combination of symbols used to convey emotional content in written or message form Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name Many variations are used only to illustrate a point or make a joke, and have very limited real use. Some that have been proposed include, in order of increasing obscurity:

WYSIWIS

What You See Is What I See (used in context of distant multi-users applications, e. g. CSCW)

WYSIWYAF

What You See Is What You Asked For (in reference to programs such as those used for manual typesetting such as TeX or troff, that what is retrieved from the system is what the user specified - in essence, a statement of GIGO; sometimes also YAFIYGI: You Asked For It, You Got It)

WYSIAYG

What You See Is All You Get (used to point out that a style of "heading" that refers to a specification of "Helvetica 15 bold" provides more useful information than a style of "Helvetica 15 bold" every time a heading is used)

WYSIWYM

What You See Is What You Mean (You see what best conveys the message)

WYCIWYG

What You Cache is What You Get ("wyciwyg://" turns up occasionally in the address bar of Gecko-based Web browsers like Mozilla Firefox when the browser is retrieving cached information) -or - What You Create Is What You Get -or- What You Click Is What You Get)

WYGIWYG

What You Get Is What You Get (an alternative approach to document formatting using markup languages, e. The term computer supported cooperative work ( CSCW) was first coined by Irene Greif and Paul M TeX (ˈtɛx as in Greek, often /ˈtɛk/ in English; written with a lowercase 'e' in imitation of the logo is a Typesetting system designed and mostly See also Trough. TROFF may also refer to a command in the BASIC programming language. Garbage In Garbage Out (abbreviated to GIGO) is a phrase in the field of Computer science or ICT. WYSIAYG is a Pejorative description of a computer program's User interface. Helvetica is the name of a widely used Sans-serif Typeface developed in 1957 by Swiss Typeface designer Max Miedinger. WYSIWYM is an acronym for W hat Y ou S ee I s W hat Y ou M ean and refers to the Paradigm for document WYCIWYG is an Acronym of W hat Y ou C ache I s W hat Y ou G et Gecko is a Layout engine currently developed by Mozilla Corporation, known as the layout engine of the Firefox web browser Mozilla Application A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a In Computer science, a cache (kæʃ like "cash") is a collection of data duplicating original A markup language is an Artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed g. HTML, to define content and trusting the layout software to make it pretty enough)

WYSYHYG

What You See You Hope You Get (/wɪzihɪg/) (a term ridiculing text mode word processing software; used in the Microsoft Windows Video Collection, a video distributed around 1991 on two VHS cassettes at promotional events). HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Text mode is a kind of computer display mode in which the content of the screen is internally represented in terms of textual characters rather Word processing is the creation of documents using a Word processor. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.

WYSIWYN

What You See Is What You Need (used in context of a code centric user interface as an opposite to the WYSIWYG user interface, e. g. in reference to the HTML editor HomeSite)

WYSIWYP

What You See Is What You Print (wizzy-whip) (refers to the ability of a computer system to print colors exactly as they appear on a monitor. HomeSite is an HTML editor owned by Adobe Systems (formerly owned by Allaire and Macromedia) WYSIWYP printing requires a special program, called a color management system (CMS) to calibrate the monitor and printer).

WYSINWYG

What You See Is Not What You Get (a joke about how WYSIWYG editors don't always work)

WYSIWYNG

What You See Is What You'll Never Get (a joke about how WYSIWYG editors don't always work)

WYFIWYG

What You Feel Is What You Get (refers to haptic real-time 3D modelling combining software and hardware)

WYSIWYS

What You See Is What You Sign is an important requirement for electronic signature software. It means that the software has to be able to show you the content without any hidden content before you sign it.

WYSIWYW

What You See Is What You Want (used to describe programs which allow to choose between manual and automatic typesetting)

References

See also

• List of HTML editors

External links

• Comparison table - open source and commercial WYSIWYG web-based editors
• ATPM. The following is a list of HTML editors with articles in Wikipedia. com's WYSIWYG: Is it What You Want?
• What has WYSIWYG done to us? - Critical paper about the negative effects the introduction of WYSIWYG has had as of 1996.
• XML: WYSIWYG to WYSIWYM - A brief look at XML document authoring An article on existing XML authoring software (May 2005)
• The Jargon File entry for WYSIWYG
• NicEdit: Micro Inline WYSIWYG