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William Healey Dall
William Healey Dall

William Healey Dall, (August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927), was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods Malacology is the branch of Invertebrate Zoology which deals with the study of Mollusks the second-largest Phylum of animals in terms of described He described many mollusks of the Pacific Northwest of America. Molluscs are animals belonging to the phylum Mollusca. There are around 250000 extant Species within the phylum with an estimated 70000 The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions He would become America's preeminent authority on living and fossil mollusks. FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system.

But he also made substantial contributions to ornithology, vertebrate and invertebrate zoology, physical and cultural anthropology, oceanography and paleontology. Ornithology (from Greek ὄρνις ὄρνιθος ornis, ornithos, "bird" and λόγος logos, "knowledge" is the branch of Zoology (from Greek ζῷον, zoon, "animal" + λόγος, " Logos " "knowledge" is the branch of Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Oceanography (from the greek words Ωκεανός meaning Ocean and γράφω meaning to write also called oceanology or Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. He also performed meteorological observations in Alaska for the Smithsonian Institution. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of

Contents

Biography

Dall was born in Boston, Massachusetts. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. His father Charles Henry Appleton Dall, (1816-86), a Unitarian minister, moved in 1855 to India as a missionary. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country His family however stayed in Massachusetts, where Dall's mother Caroline Wells Healey was a teacher.

In 1862, Dall’s father, on one of his few brief visits home, brought his son in contact with some naturalists at Harvard, where he had studied, and in 1863, when Dall graduated from high school, he took a keen interest in mollusks.

In 1863 he became a pupil of Louis Agassiz of Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology, in natural science. Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( May 28 1807 — December 14 1873) was a Swiss - American Zoologist, Glaciologist He encouraged Dall's interest in malacology, a field still in its infancy. He also studied anatomy and medicine under Jeffries Wyman and Dr. Daniel Brainerd.

Dall took a job in Chicago. There he met the famous naturalist Robert Kennicott (1835-1866) at the Chicago Academy of Sciences Museum. Robert Kennicott ( November 13, 1835 - May 13, 1866) was an American naturalist.

In 1865 the Western Union Telegraph Expedition was mounted to find a possible route for a telegraph line between North America and Russia by way of the Bering Sea. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Bering (or Imarpik) Sea is a body of water in the Pacific Ocean that comprises a deep water basin (the Aleutian Basin) which rises through Kennicott was selected as the scientist for this expedition, and with the influence of Spencer Fullerton Baird of the Smithsonian Institution, he took Dall as his assistant, because of his expertise in invertebrates and fish. Spencer Fullerton Baird ( February 3, 1823 &ndash August 19, 1887) was an American ornithologist and Ichthyologist The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of

Aboard the schooner Nightingale, under the command of the whaler and naturalist Charles Melville Scammon (1825-1911), Dall explored the coast of Siberia, with first several stops in Alaska (still Russian territory at that time). Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Scammon Bay, Alaska was named after Charles Scammon. Scammon Bay ( Marayaaq in Central Yup'ik) is a city in Wade Hampton Census Area, Alaska, United States.

In 1866, Dall continued this expedition to Siberia. On a stop at St. Michael (Alaska), he was informed that Kennicott had died of a heart attack on May 13, 1866, while prospecting a possible telegraph route along the Yukon River. The Yukon River is a major watercourse of northwestern North America. Set on finishing Kennicott's Yukon River work, Dall stayed on the Yukon during the winter. Because of cancellation of his own expedition, he had to continue this work at his own expense until autumn 1868.

Meanwhile, in 1867, the U. S. had acquired Alaska from Russia for 7. 2 million dollars. This was an unchartered country, with a fauna and flora still waiting to be explored and described, a task Dall took upon him as a surveyor-scientist.

Back at the Smithsonian in Washington, he started cataloguing the thousands of specimens he had collected during this expedition. In 1870 he published his account of his pioneering travels in Alaska and Its Resources, describing the Yukon Territory, the geography and resources of Alaska, and its inhabitants.

In 1870 Dall was appointed Acting Assistant to the U. S. Coast Survey (later renamed the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1878). The National Geodetic Survey and the Office of Coast Survey are the two successor agencies in the United States to the U Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

He went again on several reconnaissance and survey missions to Alaska between 1871 and 1874. His official mission was to survey the Alaska coast, but he took the opportunity to acquire specimens, which he collected in great numbers.

1871-72 : He surveyed the Aleutian Islands. The Aleutian Islands (possibly from Chukchi aliat, " Island " are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming a Volcanic

In 1874 aboard the Coast and Geodetic Survey schooner Yukon, he anchored in Lituya Bay, which he compared to Yosemite Valley (California), had it retained its glaciers. Lituya Bay is a Fjord located at in the US state of Alaska. It is 14 Yosemite Valley (joʊˈsɛməti yoh-SEM-it-ee) is a world-famous scenic location in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

He sent his collection of mollusks, echinoderms, and fossils to Louis Agassiz at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology; plants went to Asa Gray at Harvard; archaeological and ethnological material went to the Smithsonian. Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( May 28 1807 — December 14 1873) was a Swiss - American Zoologist, Glaciologist Asa Gray ( November 18, 1810 - January 30, 1888) is considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century

In 1877 he published his book Tribes of the Extreme Northwest.

In 1877-1878 he conducted “the Blake Expeditions”, mounted by Major G. M. Blake, along the East Coast of the US. The major publications on the Blake Expeditions were published in the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard :

In 1879 he explored again Alaska’s scenery in the company of, among others, the famous John Muir (1838-1914). John Muir ( April 21, 1838 – December 24, 1914) was a Scottish -born American Naturalist, author and early Dall saw white sheep roaming on Mount McKinley. "Denali" redirects here For other meanings see Denali (disambiguation. They would later be called Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli, Nelson 1884). The Dall Sheep (originally Dall's Sheep, sometimes called Thinhorn Sheep) Ovis dalli, is a wild sheep of the mountainous regions of northwest North This article refers to the sheep genus For the species commonly referred to simply as "sheep" see Domestic sheep. He published his findings in : Meteorology and Bibliography of Alaska.

He was in Europe in August 1878, sent to a meeting in Dublin of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. He took the opportunity to visit mollusk collections and meet European scholars.

Dall married Annette Whitney in 1880. Their honeymoon went to Alaska. Arrived in Sitka, his wife went back home to Washington, D.C. He began his final survey season aboard the schooner Yukon. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D He was accompanied, among others, by the ichthyologist Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846-1916). Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916 was an American Ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge Pennsylvania.

In 1882 he published The Currents and Temperatures of Baring Sea and the Adjacent Waters and in 1883 Alaska Coast Pilot .

In 1884, Dall left the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, having already written over 400 papers. In 1885 he transferred to the newly created U.S. Geological Survey, obtaining a position as paleontologist. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. He was assigned to the U. S. National Museum as honorary curator of invertebrate paleontology, studying recent and fossil mollusks. He would hold this position until his death. In the same year, he published List of Marine Mollusca.

As part of his work for the U. S. Geological Survey, Dall made trips to study geology and fossils: northwest (1890, 1892, 1895, 1897, 1901, and 1910), Florida (1891), and Georgia (1893). Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule

In the following years he published : Report on the Mollusca Brachiopoda and Pelecypoda of the Blake Expedition (1886); Mollusca of the Southeast Coast of the United States (1890); Instructions for Collecting Mollusks (1892); Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida (4 vols. , 1890-98); Neocene of North America (1892); Coal and Lignite of Alaska (1896).

In 1899 he and an elite crew of scientists, such as the expert in glaciology John Muir, were members of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, aboard the S. Glaciology (from Middle French dialect (Franco-Provençal glace, "ice" or Latin glacies, "frost ice" and Greek λόγος John Muir ( April 21, 1838 – December 24, 1914) was a Scottish -born American Naturalist, author and early The Harriman Alaska Expedition was an expedition organized by E S. George W. Elder, along the glacial fjords of the Alaska Coast, the Aleutian Islands and to the Bering Strait. The Bering Strait (Берингов пролив Beringov proliv) is a sea Strait between Cape Dezhnev, Russia, the easternmost point (169°43' Many new genera and species were described. He was the undisputed expert on Alaska, and the scientists aboard were often surprised by his erudition, both in biology and in respect to the cultures of Alaskan people.

He spent two months at the Bishop Museum in Hawaii examining their shell collection. The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, designated the Hawaii State Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is a Museum of History and Science in the The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the

His contributions to the reports of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, include a chapter Description and Exploration of Alaska, and Volume 13, Land and Fresh-water Mollusks.

He was elected member of most of the U. S. scientific societies, vice-president of A. A. A. S. (1882, 1885), National Geographic Society, Philosophical Society of Washington. Overview The NGS's historical mission is "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge while promoting the conservation of the world's cultural historical and natural The Philosophical Society of Washington is the oldest scientific society in Washington D In 1897 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS is a corporation in the United States whose members serve Pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science His eminence earned him also several honorary degrees.

Publications

He published over 1,600 papers, reviews, and commentaries; describing 5,302 species, many of them mollusks. Many of these papers were short. He described some of his species with a few short sentences, such as “It is a small white snail, living in Alaska”, accompanied by a drawing. A following description might then be "It is a white, small snail from Alaska" accompanied with another drawing. Descriptions, such as these, are essentially useless. On the other hand, other papers were comprehensive monographs.

Species named after him

Mollusks:

Mammals:

References

External links

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