| Würzburg | |
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| Coat of arms | Location |
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| Administration | |
| Country |  Germany |
|---|---|
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Lower Franconia |
| District | Urban district |
| Mayor | Georg Rosenthal (SPD) |
| Basic statistics | |
| Area | 87. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Lower Franconia (Unterfranken is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia in Bavaria (seven regions Germany (22 regions in five German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 63 km² (33. 8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 177 m (581 ft) |
| Population | 134,225 (31/03/2007) |
| - Density | 1,532 /km² (3,967 /sq mi) |
| Other information | |
| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
| Licence plate | WÜ |
| Postal codes | 97018–97084 |
| Area code | 0931 |
Würzburg [ˈvʏɐ̯ʦbʊɐ̯k] is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc Franconia (Franken is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Located on the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Lower Franconia (Unterfranken is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia in Bavaria (seven regions Germany (22 regions in five The regional dialect is Franconian.
Würzburg is approximately 80 minutes from Frankfurt by train, and almost an hour from Nuremberg. Distances to the nearest cities by motorway: Frankfurt 115 km, Nuremberg 115 km, Stuttgart 150 km, Kassel 215 km. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the
The city of Würzburg is not included in the district of Würzburg, but is its administrative seat. Würzburg is a Kreis (district in the northwestern part of Bavaria, Germany. Its population is 131,320 as of December 31, 2006.
Contents |
History
By 1000 BC a Celtic fortification stood on the site of the Fortress Marienberg. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Fortress Marienberg (German Festung Marienberg) is a prominent landmark on the Main river in Würzburg, Germany. It was Christianized in 686 by the Irish missionaries Kilian, Colman and Totnan. The historical phenomenon of Christianization (or Christianisation &mdash see spelling differences) the conversion of individuals to Christianity Saint Kilian, also spelled Killian or Cillian, was an Irish missionary Bishop and the apostle of Franconia (nowadays Saint Colman may refer to Colman of Cloyne, 6th century Bishop of Cloyne in Ireland Colman of Dromore, 6th century Bishop of Dromore in Ireland Saint Totnan (born in Ireland; died in 689 in Würzburg) was one of the Irish Franconian apostles who was martyred along with Saint Colman The city is first mentioned as Vurteburch in 704. The first diocese was founded by St. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Bonifatius in 742. He appointed the first bishop of Würzburg, St. Burkhard. The Bishopric of Würzburg (Würzburg was a Prince-bishopric in the Holy Roman Empire, located in Lower Franconia, around the city of Würzburg Burchard of Würzburg was a Bishop of Würzburg in 741–754 He was an Anglo-Saxon who left England after the death of his kinsfolk and joined The bishops eventually created a duchy with its center in the city, which extended in the 12th century to Eastern Franconia. Franconia (Franken is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west The city was the seat of several Imperial diets, including the one of 1180, in which Henry the Lion was banned from the Empire and his duchy was handed over to Otto of Wittelsbach. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in In Politics, a diet is a formal Deliberative assembly. The term is derived from Medieval Latin dietas, and ultimately comes from Henry the Lion ( German: Heinrich der Löwe; 1129 &ndash 6 August 1195) was a member of the Guelph dynasty and Duke of Saxony The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern was a German state that existed from 1806&ndash1918 Otto of Wittelsbach can refer to several people Otto IV Count of Wittelsbach, father of Otto I of Wittelsbach Duke of Bavaria Otto I Wittelsbach
The first church at the site of the cathedral was built as early as 788, and consecrated that same year by Charlemagne; the current building was constructed from 1040 to 1225 in Romanesque style. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which The University of Würzburg was founded in 1402 and re-founded in 1582. The University of Würzburg is a university in Würzburg, Germany, founded in 1402
The citizens of the city revolted several times against the bishop-prince, until definitively defeated in 1400. Later, Würzburg was a center of the German Peasants' War; the castle was besieged unsuccessfully. For other conflicts referred to as peasant wars or revolts see Peasant revolt (disambiguation. Notable prince-bishops include Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (1573-1617) and members of the Schönborn family, who commissioned a great number of the monuments of today's city. Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn ( 18 March, 1545 &ndash 13 September, 1617) was a Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Echter Schönborn may refer to Places in Germany Schönborn Brandenburg, in the Elbe-Elster district Brandenburg Bad Schönborn In 1631, Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus invaded the town and destroyed the castle. For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden
In 1720, the foundations of the Würzburg Residence were laid. The Würzburg Residenz (Residence is a Palace in Würzburg, Germany. In 1814, the town became part of the Bavarian state and a new bishopric was created seven years later, as the former one had been secolarized in 1802. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The city had passed to Bavaria in 1803, but two years later, in the course of the Napoleonic Wars, it became the seat of the short-lived Duchy of Würzburg. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Würzburg was restored to Bavaria in 1814.
Massacres of Jews took place in 1147 and 1298 and expulsions throughout the Middle Ages. In the period of Nazi rule. almost the whole Jewish population of the city was wiped out.
During World War II, on March 16, 1945, about 85% of the city was destroyed by some 225 Lancaster bombers in 17 minutes by a British air raid. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located During World War II, on 16 March 1945 89% of the Würzburg was laid to ruins by a British Royal Air Force bombing raid Most of the city's churches, cathedrals, and other monuments did not survive, while the city center, dating from medieval times, was totally destroyed in a firestorm in which some 5,000 people perished. During the next 20 years, the buildings of historical importance were painstakingly and accurately replicated. The citizens who rebuilt the city included many women, called Trümmerfrauen (Rubblewomen). Relatively, Würzburg was destroyed more completely than was Dresden in a firebombing the previous month. Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German
Since the end of the war, Würzburg has been host to the US Army's 3rd Infantry Division, 1st Infantry Division, US Army Hospital and various other US military units who have maintained a presence in Germany. The 3rd Infantry Division &mdashnicknamed the Rock of the Marne &mdash is a United States Army infantry division based at Fort Stewart, The 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army &mdashnicknamed “ The Big Red One ” after its Shoulder patch; and also nicknamed " The Fighting The local Würzburg economy benefited greatly from the US military presence. However, these units are due to withdraw from Würzburg by 2008 which brings to an end over 60 years of US military stationed in Würzburg.
Town structure
Würzburg is divided into 13 municipals which are additionally structured 25 boroughs. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice In the following overview, the boroughs and their numbers are allocated to the 13 municipals.
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01 Altstadt
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02 Zellerau
03 Dürrbachtal
04 Grombühl
05 Lindleinsmühle
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06 Frauenland
07 Sanderau
08 Heidingsfeld
09 Heuchelhof
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10 Steinbachtal
11 Versbach
12 Lengfeld
13 Rottenbauer
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Commerce, business and transportation
Würzburg is mainly known as an administrative center. Its largest employers are the Julius-Maximilians-University which is one of the oldest universities in Germany, first founded in 1402 and the municipality. The University of Würzburg is a university in Würzburg, Germany, founded in 1402 The largest private employer is world market leader Koenig & Bauer, a maker of printing machines. Koenig & Bauer AG (KBA is a German company that makes Printing presses based in Würzburg.
The town is located on the intersection of the Autobahns A 3 and A 7. (German ˈaʊtoːbaːn plural Autobahnen; English /ˈɔːtəʊbɑːn/ is the German word for a major high- Speed Road restricted to motor is an Autobahn in Germany that links the border to the Netherlands near Wesel in the northwest to the Austrian border near Passau is the longest German Autobahn and the longest national motorway in Europe at 935 km (581 mi The city's main station is at the southern end of the Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line and offers frequent InterCityExpress and InterCity connections to cities such as Frankfurt, Munich, Kassel, Hanover or Hamburg. is the Hauptbahnhof for the city of Würzburg in the German state of Bavaria. History The Deutsche Bundesbahn began construction of the line in 1973. The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries InterCity (commonly abbreviated IC on timetables and tickets is the classification applied to certain long-distance Passenger train services in Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany It also is an important hub in the regional rail network. The Main river flows into the Rhine and is connected to the Danube via the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Rhine-Main-Danube Canal (also called Main-Danube Canal, RMD Canal or Europa Canal) located in Bavaria This makes it part of a trans-European waterway connecting the North Sea to the Black Sea. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey
Würzburg is also the capital of the German wine region Franconia which is famous for its mineralic dry white wines especially from the Silvaner grape. Franconia ( Franken) is a region for quality wine in Germany situated in the north west of Bavaria in the district of Franconia, and is
Arts and architecture
Notable artists that lived in Würzburg include poet Walther von der Vogelweide (12th and 13th cent. Walther von der Vogelweide (c 1170 - c 1230 is the most celebrated of the Middle High German lyric Poets Life history For all his fame Walther's ), philosopher Albertus Magnus and painter Mathias Grunewald. Matthias Grünewald or "Mathis" (as first name "Gothart" or "Neithardt" (as surname (c Two artists who made a lasting impression were sculptor Tilman Riemenschneider (1460-1531), who was also mayor and participated in the Peasants' War, and Balthasar Neumann (1687-1753), baroque architect and builder of the Würzburg Residence that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tilman Riemenschneider (c 1460 - July 7, 1531) was a German sculptor and woodcarver active in Würzburg For other conflicts referred to as peasant wars or revolts see Peasant revolt (disambiguation. ( January 27, 1687 - August 19, 1753) was a German military engineer and Architect who developed a refined brand of Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc The Würzburg Residenz (Residence is a Palace in Würzburg, Germany. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Its interior was decorated by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and his son, Domenico. See also Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (or Giandomenico Tiepolo) or Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo, both sons of Giovanni Battista Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo ( August 30, 1727 - March 3, 1804) was a painter and Printmaker in Etching, son of artist
Many of the city's "100 churches" survived intact with styles ranging from romanesque (Cathedral Saint Kilian), gothic (Marienkapelle), renaissance (Neubaukirche), baroque (Stift Haug Kirche) to modern (St Andreas). Saint Kilian, also spelled Killian or Cillian, was an Irish missionary Bishop and the apostle of Franconia (nowadays See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc
Würzburg hosts the Mainfranken Museum, with artifacts from prehistory until modern times, a Museum of the cathedral, galleries for ancient and modern art, and the "Kulturspeicher" from 2002. Notable festivals include the Afrika Fest in May, the Mozart Fest, in June/July and the Kiliani Volksfest in mid July.
Main sights
- Würzburg Residenz: The vast complex on the eastern edge of the town was commissioned by two prince-bishops, the brothers Johann Philipp Franz and Friedrich Karl von Schönborn. The Würzburg Residenz (Residence is a Palace in Würzburg, Germany. Its construction between 1720 and 1744 was supervised by several architects, including Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt and Maximilian von Welsch. However, it is associated mainly with the name of Balthasar Neumann, the creator of its famous Baroque staircase. ( January 27, 1687 - August 19, 1753) was a German military engineer and Architect who developed a refined brand of Its main sights are:
- Hofkirche: The church interior is richly decorated with paintings, sculptures and stucco ornaments. The altars were painted by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. See also Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (or Giandomenico Tiepolo) or Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo, both sons of Giovanni Battista
- Treppenhaus: The largest fresco in the world adorns the vault of the staircase by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.
- Kaisersaal: The centerpiece of the palace, emperor's chamber which testifies the close relationship between Würzburg and the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in
- The Fortress Marienberg is the castle on a hill across the Old Main Bridge, overlooking the whole town area as well as the surrounding hills. Fortress Marienberg (German Festung Marienberg) is a prominent landmark on the Main river in Würzburg, Germany. Würzburg's Old Main Bridge was built 1473–1543 to replace the destroyed Romanesque bridge. It was adorned with well-known statues of saints about 1730.
- Among Würzburg's many notable churches are the Käppele, a small Baroque/Rococo chapel by Balthasar Neumann on a hill opposite to the fortress and the Dom (Cathedral of Saint Kilian). Saint Kilian, also spelled Killian or Cillian, was an Irish missionary Bishop and the apostle of Franconia (nowadays The baroque Schönborn Chapel, a side-chapel of the Dome has interior decoration made of (artificial) human bones and skulls. Also in the Dome are two of Tilman Riemenschneider's most famous works, the tomb stones of Rudolf II von Scherenberg (1466–1495) and Lorenz von Bibra (1495–1519). Tilman Riemenschneider (c 1460 - July 7, 1531) was a German sculptor and woodcarver active in Würzburg Rudolf II von Scherenberg (c 1401 &ndash 1495 was Bishop of Würzburg from 1466 until his death Lorenz Von Bibra, Duke in Franconia (1459-1519 was Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Würzburg from (1495-1519 Look for replicas of the statues of Adam and Eve by Riemenschneider at the entrance to Marienkapelle (on market square). The Neumünster is a Romanesque minster with a baroque facade and dome. Under the baroque churches in the inner city are Stift Haug, St. Michael, St. Stephan and St. Peter.
- The Julius Spital is a baroque hospital with a courtyard and a church built by the prince bishop Julius Echter. Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn ( 18 March, 1545 &ndash 13 September, 1617) was a Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Echter Its medieval wine cellar, together with those of the Würzburg Residence and the Bürgerspital are one place to taste the Frankenwein. German wine is primarily produced in the southwest of Germany, along River Rhine and its tributaries with the oldest plantations going back to the Roman With an area under cultivation of 1. 68 square kilometres, the Julius Spital is the second largest winery in Germany.
- The Haus zum Falken next to the Marienkapelle, with its splendid facade, is an achievement of the Würzburg rococo period and keeps a tourist office.
University of Würzburg
- Wilhelm Röntgen's original laboratory, where he discovered x-rays in 1895 is at the University of Würzburg. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 &ndash 10 February 1923 was a German physicist, who on 8 November 1895 produced and detected Electromagnetic X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. The University of Würzburg is a university in Würzburg, Germany, founded in 1402
- The University awarded Alexander Graham Bell an honorary Ph.D for his pioneering scientific work. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation.
Notable people
- Philipp Franz von Siebold was among the first Westerners to visit and work in Japan
- Werner Heisenberg
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who discovered the X-Rays on the 28th December 1895. Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold ( February 17, 1796 in Würzburg - October 18, 1866 in Munich) was a German physician For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Werner Heisenberg (5 December 1901 in Würzburg &ndash1 February 1976 in Munich) was a German theoretical physicist best known for enunciating the Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 &ndash 10 February 1923 was a German physicist, who on 8 November 1895 produced and detected Electromagnetic X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation.
- Leonhard Frank, an expressionist writer. Leonhard Frank ( 4 September, 1882 in Würzburg - 18 August, 1961 in Munich) was a German expressionist
- Waltraud Meier, world-class opera singer. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Waltraud Meier (born January 9, 1956) is a Grammy -award
- The American artist Mark Bloch was born on the U. Mark Bloch (born January 23, 1956) also known as Pan PAN Panman Panpost and the Post Art Network is an American multi-media artist from Cleveland Ohio S. Military base in Würzburg in 1956.
- Frank Baumann. Frank Baumann (born October 29, 1975 in Würzburg, Bavaria) is a German footballer.
- Dirk Nowitzki
- Björn Emmerling
- Oskar Dirlewanger, war criminal and S. Dirk Werner Nowitzki (ɖɪʁk weʁneʁ no'v?tski (born June 19 1978 is a German professional Basketball player who plays for the Dallas Mavericks of Björn Emmerling (born November 16, 1975 in Würzburg) is a Field hockey player from Germany, who plays for Harvestehuder THC Oskar Dirlewanger ( September 26, 1895 Würzburg - June 5, 1945 Altshausen) was a World War II officer with S. leader of the SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger and
Historic population figures for Würzburg
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1200 | 5,000 |
| 1787 | 18,070 |
| 1900 | 84,335 |
| 1939 | 112,997 |
| 1950 | 86,564 |
| 1961 | 126,093 |
| 1970 | 128,547 |
| 1987 | 123,378 |
| 2002 | 131,582 |
| 2004 | 133,539 |
| 2006 | 134,913 |
Twin towns
Würzburg maintains cultural, economic + educational ties with:
Faribault, U.S., since 1949
Dundee, UK, since 1962
Caen, France, since 1962- Rochester, U.S., since 1966
Mwanza, Tanzania, since 1966
Otsu, Japan, since 1979
Salamanca, Spain, since 1980- Suhl, Germany, since 1988
Umeå, Sweden, since 1992
Bray, Ireland, since 2000
Associated:
With the Germans of the district Trautenau, Czech Republic since 1956
See also
External links
- City of Würzburg
- Information and pictures of Wurzburg & Residence (English)
- Streifzug durch Würzburg (Media)
- University of Würzburg
- Würzburg School of Music
- Fachhochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt
- Pictures of Wurzburg (German/English)
- Pictures and informations about Wurzburg (German)
- War memorial in Wuerzburg at the Sites of Memory webpage
- VVM Public Transport company in Würzburg
- Würzburg Public Library
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