Citizendia

A voting age is a minimum age established by law that a person must attain in order to be eligible to vote in a public election. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Public is of or pertaining to the people relating to or affecting a nation state or community opposed to private; as the public treasury a road or lake An election is a Decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office

The vast majority of countries in the world have established a voting age. Most governments consider that those of an age lower than the chosen threshold lack the necessary capacity to independently decide how to cast a vote. The voting age is often of such importance that it is set by means of a constitutional provision. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity

At the present time the voting age across the world is typically 18. When the right to vote was first accorded in democracies the voting age was generally set at 21, or in some cases at an even higher level. Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system In the 1970s widespread reform led to a reduction to 18 in a large number of countries. Debate is currently underway in many places on proposals to reduce the voting age below 18.

Contents

History

The reduction to 18

During the 20th century a large number of countries reduced the voting age from 21, with most lowering it to 18. The majority of these reductions were immediate, but in some cases a final reduction to 18 was preceded by one to a higher age (eg. 20). Exceptions to the voting age were also provided for in some countries on the basis of service given in conflicts such as the First and Second World Wars. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A world war is a War affecting the majority of the world's most powerful and populous nations

Czechoslovakia was early to act, reducing its age to 18 in 1946, and by 1968 a total of 17 states had made the reduction. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. [1] A large number of countries, particularly in Western Europe, reduced their voting ages to 18 during the 1970s. Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' The United Kingdom was the first such country to do so, in 1970. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located It led a swift and widespread sweep of the world's leading democracies, with countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia and France following soon afterwards. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The Twenty-sixth Amendment ( Amendment XXVI) of the United States Constitution, ratified on July 1, 1971, standardized the voting age to 18 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. By the end of the 20th century 18 had become by far the most common age at which citizens acquired the right to vote. There were however some countries, particularly those in Scandinavia, which maintained voting ages higher than 21. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well

Consideration of a reduction to 18 continued into the late 20th and early 21st century in those countries that had not already made the change. Reductions were seen in India, Switzerland, Austria and Morocco during this time. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa In 2007 debate is taking place in Japan,[2] and a dispute is continuing in the Maldives. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Maldives ( or, or Maldive Islands) officially the Republic of Maldives, is an Island nation consisting of a group of atolls stretching [3] A reduction is probable to happen in 2008 in Lebanon as part of the new electoral law.

Further reductions

Protest in favour of lowering the voting age by members of NYRA Berkeley, California, 2004.
Protest in favour of lowering the voting age by members of NYRA Berkeley, California, 2004. The National Youth Rights Association, or NYRA is the largest Youth rights group in the United States, with several thousand members Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States.

Around the turn of the 21st century a number of countries began to consider whether the voting age ought to be reduced further, with arguments most often being made in favour of a reduction to 16. The earliest moves came during the 1990s, when the voting age for municipal elections in some states of Germany was lowered to 16. A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Lower Saxony was the first state to make such a reduction, in 1995, and four other states later copied the move. Lower Saxony ( German: Niedersachsen ch is pronounced before an s --> lies in north-western Germany and is second [4]

In the 2000s a number of legislative proposals for reductions of the voting age to 16 were made in various U.S. states, including California, Florida and Alaska,[5] but ultimately none were successful. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Proposals were made in 2005 for a national reduction in Canada[6] and a state reduction in New South Wales, Australia,[7] but again there was no success. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Austria

The voting age had been reduced in Austria from 19 to 18 at all levels in 1992. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich At that time a voting age of 16 was proposed by the Green Party, but was not adopted. [8]

The voting age for municipal elections in some states was lowered to 16 in the early 2000s. Austria is a federal republic made up of nine States, known in German as Länder (singular Land) [4] Three states had made the reduction by 2003 (Burgenland, Carinthia and Styria),[4] and in May 2003 Vienna became the fourth. Burgenland ( Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko, Hungarian Várvidék, Őrvidék or Felsőőrvidék Carinthia (Kärnten Koroška is the southernmost Austrian state or Land. Styria (Steiermark is a state or Bundesland, located in the southeast of Austria. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. [9] Salzburg followed suit,[10][11] and so by the start of 2005 the total had reached at least five states out of nine. Salzburg is a state or Land of Austria with an area of 7154 km² located adjacent to the German border [12] As a consequence of state law, reduction of the municipal voting age in the states of Burgenland, Salzburg and Vienna resulted in the reduction of the regional voting age in those states as well. [11]

Following the legislative election in 2006, the winning SPÖ-ÖVP coalition announced on 12 January 2007 that one of its policies would be the reduction of the voting age to 16 for elections in all states and at all levels in Austria. The 2006 general election for the National Council in Austria was held on 1 October 2006. The Social Democratic Party of Austria ( German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is one of the oldest parties in Austria. The Austrian People's Party ( German: Österreichische Volkspartei, or ÖVP) is an Austrian Political party. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich [13] The policy was set in motion by a Government announcement on 14 March,[14] and a bill proposing an amendment to the Constitution was presented to the legislature on 2 May. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. The Constitution of Austria ( Österreichische Bundesverfassung) is the body of all constitutional law of the Republic of Austria on the federal level. In the Parliament of Austria ( Österreichisches Parliament) is vested the legislative power of the Republic of Austria. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. [15][16] On 5 June the National Council approved the proposal following a recommendation to do so from its Constitution Committee. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem The National Council (Nationalrat is one of the two houses of the Federal Assembly of Austria, the bicameral federal Parliament of Austria [8][17][18] During the passage of the bill through the chamber relatively little opposition was raised to the reduction, with four out of five parties explicitly supporting it; indeed, there was some dispute over which party had been the first to suggest the idea. Greater controversy surrounded the other provisions of the bill concerning the Briefwahl, or postal vote, and the extension of the legislative period for the National Council from four to five years. Postal voting describes the method of voting in an election whereby ballot papers are distributed and/or returned by post to electors in contrast to electors voting in person at a [8] A further uncontroversial inclusion was a reduction in the candidacy age from 19 to 18. Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally qualify to hold certain elected government offices The Federal Council approved the Bill on 21 June, with no party voting against it. The Federal Council of Austria or Bundesrat is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Austria. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. [19] The voting age was reduced when the Bill's provisions came into force on 1 July 2007. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [20] Austria thus became the first member of the European Union, and the first of the world's leading democracies, to adopt a voting age of 16 for all purposes. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in [18]

United Kingdom

A reduction of the voting age to 16 in the United Kingdom was first given serious consideration on 15 December 1999, when the House of Commons considered in Committee an amendment proposed by Simon Hughes to the Representation of the People Bill. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords Simon Henry Ward Hughes (born 17 May 1951) is a British politician and Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for North Southwark [21] This represented the first occasion that the question of a voting age lower than 18 had ever been put to a vote in the Commons. [22] The Government opposed the amendment, and it was defeated by 434 votes to 36. [23]

The Votes at 16 coalition, a group of political and charitable organisations supporting a reduction of the voting age to 16, was launched on 29 January 2003. Votes at 16 a campaign in the United Kingdom which argues in favour of the reduction of the Voting age to 16 for all public elections Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. [24] At this time a Private Member's Bill was also proposed in the House of Lords by Lord Lucas, and received a Second Reading on 9 January. A Private Member's Bill is a proposed Law introduced by a backbench member of Parliament, whether from the government or the opposition side to that The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. [25]

In 2004 the Electoral Commission conducted a major consultation on the subject of the voting and candidacy ages, and received a significant response. The Electoral Commission is a Non-departmental public body with powers in the United Kingdom, which was created by an Act of Parliament, the Political Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally qualify to hold certain elected government offices In its conclusions it recommended that the voting age remain at 18. [26] On 29 November 2005 the House of Commons voted 136-128 (on a free vote) against a Bill for a reduction in the voting age to 16 proposed by Liberal Democrat MP Stephen Williams. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A conscience vote or free vote is a type of vote in a legislative body where legislators are each expected to vote according to their own personal conscience rather The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the Stephen Roy Williams (born 11 October 1966) is a British Liberal Democrat politician who was elected Member of Parliament for Parliament chose not to include a provision reducing the voting age in the Electoral Administration Act during its passage in 2006. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories The Electoral Administration Act 2006 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed on 11 July 2006.

On 27 February 2006 the report of the Power Inquiry called for a reduction of the voting age, and of the candidacy age for the House of Commons, to 16. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The POWER Inquiry was set up in 2004 to explore how political participation and involvement can be increased and deepened in Britain. Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally qualify to hold certain elected government offices [27] On the same day the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, indicated in an article in The Guardian that he favoured a reduction provided it was made concurrently with effective citizenship education. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. There are two very different kinds of Citizenship education, The first is education intended to prepare noncitizens to become legally and social accepted as Citizens. [28]

The Ministry of Justice published on 3 July 2007 a Green Paper entitled The Governance of Britain, in which it proposed the establishment of a "Youth Citizenship Commission". The Ministry of Justice has been a department of the government of the United Kingdom since 2007 Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In Britain other similar Commonwealth jurisdictions (eg Australia and the Republic of Ireland a green paper is a tentative government report of a proposal without any commitment to [29] The Commission would, amongst other things, be tasked with examining the case for lowering the voting age. On launching the Paper the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, said in the House of Commons: "Although the voting age has been 18 since 1969, it is right, as part of that debate, to examine, and hear from young people themselves, whether lowering that age would increase participation. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords "[30]

The Scottish National Party's conference voted unanimously on 27 October 2007 for a policy of reducing the voting age to 16, as well as in favour of a campaign for the necessary power to be devolved to the Scottish Parliament. The Scottish National Party (SNP (Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba Scottis Naitional Pairtie is a Centre-left political party which campaigns for Scottish Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral [31]

United States

Purple indicates a state that allows 17-year olds who will turn 18 on or before election day to vote in caucuses or primaries.
Purple indicates a state that allows 17-year olds who will turn 18 on or before election day to vote in caucuses or primaries.

Nineteen United States permit 17-year-olds to vote in primary elections and caucuses if they will be eighteen by election day. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A primary election ( nominating primary) also referred to simply as a primary, is an election in which voters in a Jurisdiction select candidates An amendment to the state constitution is being considered in the Illinois legislature that would lower its voting age to 17 for non-federal elections, though states can set their voting age to lower than eighteen for federal elections as well. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Because it only applies to state elections, seventeen-year-olds would not be able to vote in primaries and general elections for representatives, senators, and President of the United States even if the amendment passes the legislature and referendum. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by [3]

To pass, sixty percent of each house of the state legislature would have to approve it, and it would then have to be approved over half of by voters in the November general election. [4]

Crown dependencies

Moves to lower the voting age to 16 were successful in each of the three British Crown dependencies from 2006 to 2008. The Crown Dependencies are possessions of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies of the United The Isle of Man was the first to amend its law, when in July 2006 it reduced the voting age to 16 for its general elections, with the House of Keys approving the move by 19 votes to 4. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Events in July The traditional period known as "fence month" (the closed season for deer in England ended July 9 (date varied The House of Keys (Kiare as Feed is the directly elected lower branch of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man, the other branch being the Legislative [32]

Jersey followed suit on 4 July 2007, when it approved in principle a reduction of the voting age to 16. The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The States of Jersey voted narrowly in favour, by 25 votes to 21,[33] and the legislative amendments were adopted on 26 September. The States of Jersey ( French: États de Jersey) is the Parliament of Jersey. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a [34] The law was sanctioned by Order-in-Council on 12 December,[35][36] and was brought into force on 1 April, in time for the general elections in late 2008. An Order-in-Council is a type of legislation in Commonwealth Realms. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne The 2008 elections in Jersey will take place in two stages in October and November 2008 [37][38]

On 31 October 2007 a proposal[39][40] for a reduction made by the House Committee of the States of Guernsey, and approved by the States' Policy Committee, was adopted by the assembly by 30 votes to 15. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse The States of Guernsey ( French: États de Guernesey) is the Parliament of the Island of Guernsey. The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Bailliage de Guernesey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy. [41][40] An Order-in-Council sanctioning the law was made on 12 December,[35] and it was registered at the Court of Guernsey on 19 December. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. It came into force immediately, and the voting age was accordingly reduced in time for the Guernsey general election, 2008. Parliamentary elections were held in Guernsey on 23 April 2008. [42]

Alderney and Sark, each part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, have autonomy in deciding the question. Alderney ( French: Aurigny; Auregnais: Aoeur'gny) is the most northerly of the Channel Islands and a British Crown dependency Sark (Sercq Sercquiais: Sèr) is a small Island in the southwestern English Channel. The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Bailliage de Guernesey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy. Both have yet to favour a reduction to 16.

Other countries

Iran had been unique in awarding suffrage at 15, but raised the age to 18 in January 2007 despite the opposition of the Government. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. [43][44] In May 2007 the Iranian Cabinet proposed a bill to reverse the increase. [45][46]

On 6 May 2007 the canton of Glarus in Switzerland voted to reduce the voting age from 18 to 16 for cantonal and local elections. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the states of the Federal state of Switzerland. The Canton of Glarus ( German:) is a canton in east central Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation [47][48]

The New Zealand Green Party MP Sue Bradford announced on 21 June 2007 that she intended to introduce her Civics Education and Voting Age Bill on the next occasion upon which a place became available for the consideration of Members' Bills. The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand is a Political party in the New Zealand parliament. The New Zealand House of Representatives is the Legislature of New Zealand. The New Zealand politician Sue Bradford (born 1952 serves as a list Member of Parliament representing the Green Party. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [49] When this happened on 25 July Bradford abandoned the idea, citing an adverse public reaction. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler [50] The Bill would have sought to reduce the voting age to 16 in New Zealand and make civics education part of the compulsory curriculum in schools. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Civics is the study of citizenship and government with particular attention given to the role of citizens― as opposed to external factors― in the operation and oversight of government In formal education a curriculum (plural curricula) is the set of courses and their content offered at a School or University.

A request to lower the voting age to 16 was made during the consideration of revisions to the Constitution of Venezuela in 2007. |||}The Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is the current Constitution of Venezuela. Cilia Flores, president of the National Assembly, announced that the Mixed Committee for Constitutional Reform had found the idea to be acceptable. Cilia Flores, a lawyer by training is (as of 2007 the president ( speaker) of the National Assembly of Venezuela. |||}The National Assembly ( Asamblea Nacional) is the current legislative branch of the Venezuelan government [51] Following approval in the legislature[52] the amendment formed part of the package of constitutional proposals, and was defeated in the 2007 referendum. A constitutional referendum was held in Venezuela on December 2, 2007 to amend 69 articles of the 1999 Constitution.

A report suggesting that consideration be given to reducing the voting age to 16 in the Australian Capital Territory in Canberra, Australia was tabled in the territorial legislature on 26 September 2007. } The Australian Capital Territory (ACT is the Capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory Canberra ( is the capital city of Australia With a population of over 340000 it is Australia's largest inland City. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly (or more formally and fully the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory is the Unicameral legislature Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [53] This prompted the Youth Affairs Council of Victoria to voice its support for the making of a similar reduction in that state. [54]

Voting ages around the world

18 is the most common voting age, with a small minority of countries differing from this rule. Those with a national minimum age of 17 include East Timor, Indonesia, North Korea, the Seychelles and Sudan. East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste (officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) is a country in Southeast Asia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Seychelles (seɪˈʃɛl or /seɪˈʃɛlz/ in English and seʃɛl in French) officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles Creole Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. The minimum age is 16 in Austria, Brazil, Cuba, Nicaragua and the Isle of Man (though Man is not a sovereign state). Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself People aged 16-18 can vote in Bosnia, Serbia and Montenegro if employed. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! By contrast the minimum age in Uzbekistan is 25, which age is also used in Italy for elections to the Senate. Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Italian Senate ( Italian: Senato della Repubblica, 'Senate of the Republic' is the Upper house of the Parliament of Italy. Some countries have variable provision for the minimum voting age, whereby a lower age is set for eligibility to vote in state, regional or municipal elections.

The only known maximum voting age is in the Holy See, where the franchise for electing a new Pope is restricted to Cardinals under the age of 80. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church.

Voting age:      16      17      18      19      20      21
Voting age:      16      17      18      19      20      21

Alphabetical list of countries

The following is an alphabetical list of voting ages in the various countries of the world.


Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

[57]

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

Chronology of lowering the voting age to 18

The following is a chronological list of the dates upon which countries lowered the voting age to 18; unless otherwise indicated, the reduction was from 21. Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya The Republic of Zambia (ˈzæmbɪə is a Landlocked country in Southern Africa. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election Definition A chronology may be either relative &mdashthat is locating related events relative to each other&mdashor ''absolute'' &mdashlocating In some cases the age was lowered decrementally, and so the "staging points" are also given. An increment is an increase either of some fixed amount for example added regularly or of a variable amount Some information is also included on the relevant legal instruments involved.

non-federal elections: Quebec in 1963,[60] Manitoba on 10 October 1969,[61] Ontario in 1971,[60] Nova Scotia in 1973 following reduction to 19 in 1970[62] and British Columbia in 1992 following reduction to 19 in 1952[63]
prior reductions: Georgia in August 1943[65] and Kentucky in 1955;[1] Guam in 1954[66] and American Samoa in 1965[66]

Chronology of lowering the voting age to 16

This is a further list, similar to the above but of the dates upon which countries lowered the voting age to 16; unless otherwise indicated, the reduction was from 18. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Organizations in favour of lowering the voting age

The following are political parties and other campaigning organisations that have either endorsed a lower voting age or who favour its removal. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making process within a specific group

Alphabetical list of countries

Australia

Austria

Canada

Denmark

Germany

Ireland

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Spain

United Kingdom

United States

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Lowering the Minimum Voting Age to Eighteen Years - Pro and Con Arguments", Constitutional Revision Study Documents of the Maryland Constitutional Convention Commission, 1968. The Australian Democrats is an Australian Political party espousing a centrist or Social liberal ideology The Australian Greens, commonly known as The Greens, is a Green Australian political party. The Socialist Alliance was founded in 2001 as an alliance of socialist organisations and individuals in Australia, initiated by the Democratic The Greens – The Green Alternative (Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative or Die Grünen, also translated as Austrian Green Party) is a Political party Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots The Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne is a Danish political party The Socialist People's Party (Danish Socialistisk Folkeparti, SF is a Danish socialist and Green Political party. The Green Party (Comhaontas Glas lit Green Alliance) is a green Political party in Ireland. The Labour Party (Páirtí an Lucht Oibre is a Democratic socialist and Social democratic Political party in the Republic of Ireland. Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 GroenLinks ( GL, English: GreenLeft) is a Dutch Green Political party. The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand is a Political party in the New Zealand parliament. The Liberal Party of Norway (Venstre V meaning "left" is a social liberal Political party in Norway. The Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW (Plaid Werdd Cymru a Lloegr is the principal Green political party in England and Wales. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the Plaid Cymru (plaɪd ˈkəmri The Party of Wales often referred to simply as Plaid) is a Political party in Wales. The Scottish National Party (SNP (Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba Scottis Naitional Pairtie is a Centre-left political party which campaigns for Scottish Votes at 16 a campaign in the United Kingdom which argues in favour of the reduction of the Voting age to 16 for all public elections Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions, also known as ASFAR Youth Liberation, is an organization dedicated to increasing the rights of youth under American The National Youth Rights Association, or NYRA is the largest Youth rights group in the United States, with several thousand members Retrieved on 5 February 2007. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  2. ^ Nakata, Hiroko. "Panel mulls lowering voting age to 18", The Japan Times, 2007-05-18. The Japan Times is one of the few independent English language Newspapers published in Japan: it mainly competes with English editions of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Retrieved on 2007-07-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England  
  3. ^ Moosa, A. S. I. . "The murderous dictator and the 'Bullet-Ballot' propaganda", Dhivehi Observer, 2007-04-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Retrieved on 2007-07-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England  
  4. ^ a b c d How old is old enough? - the minimum age of voting and candidacy in UK elections: consultation paper, July 2003, UK Electoral Commission, para. The Electoral Commission is a Non-departmental public body with powers in the United Kingdom, which was created by an Act of Parliament, the Political 3. 6.
  5. ^ Worldwide Efforts to Lower the Voting Age, National Youth Rights Association
  6. ^ Parliament of Canada, Bill C-261 (2005); Vote16, Canada
  7. ^ Parliament of New South Wales, Parliamentary Electorates and Elections Amendment (Voting Age) Bill (2005); Hansard, 14 September 2005, p. 17686. The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Parliament of New South Wales is the supreme law making body in New South Wales, a state of Australia. Hansard is the traditional name for the printed transcripts of Parliamentary debates in the Westminster system of Government. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  8. ^ a b c Wählen mit 16, Briefwahl, fünfjährige Gesetzgebungsperiode kommen, Republik Österreich Parlament (German). Retrieved on 6 June 2007. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  9. ^ Austria joins the votes at 16 club, Votes at 16. Votes at 16 a campaign in the United Kingdom which argues in favour of the reduction of the Voting age to 16 for all public elections Retrieved on 6 June 2007. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  10. ^ Lowering the Electoral Age, Austrian National Youth Council. Retrieved on 6 June 2007. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  11. ^ a b Elections, Demokratiezentrum Wien. Retrieved on 6 June 2007. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  12. ^ Committee on Rights of Child Considers Second Periodic Report of Austria, UNHCHR, 14 January 2005. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights ( OHCHR) is a United Nations agency that works to promote and protect the human Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  13. ^ Oleksyn, Veronika. "Austrians split on voting at age 16 plan", AP/washingtonpost. com, 2007-01-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Retrieved on 2007-02-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor  
  14. ^ "Austria lowers voting age", IOL, South Africa, 2007-03-14. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Retrieved on 2007-03-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.  
  15. ^ "Austria lowers voting age to 16", News 24, South Africa, 2007-05-03. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.  
  16. ^ 94 d.B. (XXIII. GP) Bundesverfassungsgesetz, mit dem das Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz geändert wird, Republik Österreich Parlament (German).
  17. ^ Verfassungsausschuss gibt grünes Licht für Wahlrechtsreform, Republik Österreich Parlament (German). Retrieved on 25 May 2007. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  18. ^ a b "Austria lowers voting age to 16", EUX. tv — the Europe Channel, The Netherlands, 2007-06-05. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year  
  19. ^ Wahlrechtsreform 2007 passiert den Bundesrat, Republik Österreich Parlament (German). Retrieved on 30 June 2007. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  20. ^ a b c 31/BNR (XXIII. GP) Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, ss. 1, 5 and 25, Republik Österreich Parlament (German). Retrieved on 1 July 2007. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  21. ^ HC Deb, 15 Dec 1999, Vol. 341, cc. 305-338. Retrieved on 3 November 2007. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  22. ^ Ibid, at c. 336.
  23. ^ Ibid, at c. 336.
  24. ^ "'A real chance to improve British Politics' - Votes at 16 Campaign Launches", Votes at 16, 2003-01-29. Votes at 16 a campaign in the United Kingdom which argues in favour of the reduction of the Voting age to 16 for all public elections Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.  
  25. ^ The Voting Age (Reduction to 16) Bill (HL).
  26. ^ Age of Electoral Majority, Electoral Commission, 19 April 2004, para. 8. 16
  27. ^ "Political system faces 'meltdown'", BBC News, 2006-02-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.  
  28. ^ "And so does Gordon Brown", Votes at 16, 2006-02-27. Votes at 16 a campaign in the United Kingdom which argues in favour of the reduction of the Voting age to 16 for all public elections Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.  
  29. ^ The Governance of Britain, UK Ministry of Justice, 3 July 2007, para. The Ministry of Justice has been a department of the government of the United Kingdom since 2007 Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 190. Retrieved on 5 July 2007. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  30. ^ HC Deb, 3 Jul 2007, Vol. 462, c. 819. Retrieved on 5 July 2007. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  31. ^ "'Vote at 16' move backed by SNP", BBC News, 2007-10-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.  
  32. ^ "Teenagers vote in Manx election", BBC News, 2006-07-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of  
  33. ^ Vote P63/2007, States of Jersey, 4 July 2007. The States of Jersey ( French: États de Jersey) is the Parliament of Jersey. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 6 July 2007. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  34. ^ States of Jersey Minutes, 26 September 2007. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 24 October 2007. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  35. ^ a b ORDERS APPROVED AT THE PRIVY COUNCIL HELD BY THE QUEEN AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE ON 12 DECEMBER 2007, Privy Council Office, 20 December 2007. Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 15 January 2008. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  36. ^ a b Public Elections (Amendment No. 2) (Jersey) Law 2008, Jersey Legal Information Board. Retrieved on 15 January 2008. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  37. ^ Public Elections: reduction in voting age to 16, States of Jersey, 15 May 2007. The States of Jersey ( French: États de Jersey) is the Parliament of Jersey. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 6 July 2007. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  38. ^ Public Elections (Amendment No. 2) (Jersey) Law 2007 (Appointed Day) Act 2008, Jersey Legal Information Board. Retrieved on 13 April 2008. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  39. ^ "‘Give our young people a voice’", The Guernsey Press and Star, 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Retrieved on 2007-09-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English  
  40. ^ a b Billet d'État XXII 2007 (October) & Resolutions, States of Guernsey. The States of Guernsey ( French: États de Guernesey) is the Parliament of the Island of Guernsey. Retrieved on 20 December 2007. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  41. ^ "Too young at 16 to vote – deputy", The Guernsey Press and Star, 2007-11-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.  
  42. ^ a b "16 Year Olds Can Vote in General Election", States of Guernsey — The Official Guernsey Government Website, 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2008-01-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign  
  43. ^ a b "Iran raises voting age to 18", Iran Focus, 2007-01-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Retrieved on 2007-02-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons  
  44. ^ "Iran Parliament raises voting age to 18", IranMania, 2007-01-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.  
  45. ^ "Bill may lower voting age to 15", Press TV, 2007-05-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.  
  46. ^ "President planning to lower voting age", Press TV, 2007-09-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Retrieved on 2007-09-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English  
  47. ^ a b "Swiss canton drops voting age to 16", AP/International Herald Tribune Europe, 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of  
  48. ^ a b "Glarus lowers voting age to 16", 24 Heures, 2007-05-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of  
  49. ^ Bradford launches Bill to lower voting age to 16, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 21 June 2007. The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand is a Political party in the New Zealand parliament. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2 July 2007. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  50. ^ "Green MP abandons voting age bill", Radio New Zealand News, 2007-07-26. Radio New Zealand Limited (Te Reo Irirangi o Aotearoa is New Zealand 's public service Radio broadcaster. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus  
  51. ^ Morgan, Jeremy. "Further details of Chavez’ package of constitutional reforms are emerging", Caracas Daily Journal, 2007-09-09. Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat  
  52. ^ Walter, Matthew. "Venezuela May Lower Voting Age, Add Gay Rights in Constitution", Bloomberg. com, 2007-10-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Retrieved on 2007-10-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees  
  53. ^ "ACT to consider lowering voting age", ABC News (Australia), 2007-09-26. ABC News is a national news service produced by the News and Current Affairs division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat  
  54. ^ "Support for lower vote age", Herald Sun, 2007-09-28. The Herald Sun is a morning Tabloid Newspaper based in Melbourne, Australia Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat  
  55. ^ a b Reform (Guernsey) Law, 1948, s. 28(1); amended by Reform (Guernsey) (Amendment) Law, 2007 (adopted on 31 October 2007, sanctioned on 12 December and registered and coming into force on 19 December). Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  56. ^ "NA panel lowers voting age to 18", kuwaittimes. net, 2007-01-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Retrieved on 2007-02-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons  
  57. ^ "Constitution of the Republic of Serbia", http://www.srbija.sr.gov.yu. Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a  
  58. ^ "Young Canadians and the Voting Age: Should it be Lowered?", Canadian Policy Research Network, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-02-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France.  
  59. ^ "Canadian History 1900-1999", Canadian History Directory, 2007-01-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Retrieved on 2007-02-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France.  
  60. ^ a b Elections Canada On-Line
  61. ^ Elections Manitoba
  62. ^ The Canadian Encyclopedia, Nova Scotia
  63. ^ Elections British Columbia)
  64. ^ Title 3, 84 Stat. 318, 42 U. S. C. Sec. 1973bb. ; text reproduced in Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U. Oregon v Mitchell, 400 US 112 (1970 was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that states could set their own age limits for S. 112, 223
  65. ^ "Suffrage Jr.", Time, 1943-08-16. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Retrieved on 2007-02-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France.  
  66. ^ a b Cheng, J. . "The 'Qualified Voter' and the Minimum Voting Age", Department of Political Science, University of Michigan. Retrieved on 2007-02-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France.  
  67. ^ "HS Gallup: Little public support for reduction in voting age", Helsingin Sanomat International Edition — Metro, 2007-01-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Retrieved on 2007-02-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France.  )
  68. ^ La Constitution du 4 Octobre 1958, Art. 3 and Le Code Civil francais, Art. 488
  69. ^ Elections New Zealand, "The Right to Vote". Retrieved on 5 February 2007. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  70. ^ Encyclopedia of the Nations, New Zealand. Retrieved on 6 February 2007. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  71. ^ Important Dates in Dominica's History, Lennox Honychurch
  72. ^ folketinget.dk, "Representative democracy and referenda"
  73. ^ Maravall, J. M. (July 1979). "[[1] Political Cleavages in Spain and the 1979 General Election]". Government and Opposition 14 (3): 299-317.  
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Further reading

See also

External links

Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally qualify to hold certain elected government offices Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally Adultcentrism is the exaggerated Egocentrism of adults It is used to describe the conditions facing Children and Youth in Schools Homes A gerontocracy is a form of oligarchical rule in which an entity is ruled by leaders who are significantly older than most of the adult population The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the
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