The Votadini (the Wotādīnī, or Votādīnī)^[1] were a people of the Iron Age in Great Britain, and their territory was briefly part of the Roman province Britannia. In Britain and Ireland the Iron Age lasted from about the 7th century BC until the Roman conquest and until the 5th century in non- Romanised See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Their territory was in south-east Scotland and north-east England, extending south of the Firth of Forth and extended from the Stirling area down to the English River Tyne, including at its peak what are now the Falkirk, Lothian and Borders regions of eastern Scotland, and Northumberland in north east England. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Firth of Forth ( Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is the Estuary or Firth of Scotland's River Forth, where it flows Stirling ( Gaelic: Sruighlea, Scots: Stirlin) is a city and former ancient Burgh in Scotland, and is at The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. Falkirk is also the name of the Scottish council area centred on the town see Falkirk (council area. The Scottish Borders, often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west Their capital was probably the Traprain Law hill fort in East Lothian, until that was abandoned in the early 400s, moving to Din Eidyn (Edinburgh). Traprain Law is a hill about 221m (724 feet in elevation located 6km (4 miles east of Haddington in East Lothian, Scotland. A hill fort is a fortified refuge or defended settlement East Lothian ( Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow.

Due to linguistic changes their descendants in the Sub-Roman/early medieval period were known as the Gododdin (pronounced [go'doðin]). Sub-Roman Britain is a term derived from an Archaeologists ' label for the material culture of Britain in Late Antiquity. The Gododdin (goˈdoðin were a Brythonic people of north-eastern Britain (modern north-east England and south-east Scotland) in the sub-Roman

Contents 1 Prehistory 2 The Roman period 3 The sub-Roman period 4 Modern reference 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Prehistory

The area was settled as early as 3000 BC, and offerings of that period imported from Cumbria and Wales left on the sacred hilltop at Cairnpapple Hill, West Lothian, show that by then there was a link with these areas. The 30th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 3000 BC to 2901 BC Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy Cairnpapple Hill is a Hill with a dominating position in central lowland Scotland with views from coast to coast West Lothian ( Lodainn an Iar in Gaelic) is one of the 32 unitary Council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy area. By around 1500 BC Traprain Law, East Lothian was already a place of burial, with evidence of occupation and signs of ramparts after 1000 BC. East Lothian ( Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. Excavation at Edinburgh Castle found late Bronze Age material from about 850 BC. Edinburgh Castle is an ancient Stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine.

Brythonic Celtic culture and language spread into the area at some time after the 8th century BC, possibly through cultural contact rather than mass invasion, and systems of kingdoms developed. The Brythonic languages (or Brittonic languages or British languages) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family the other being Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. Numerous hillforts and settlements support the image of quarrelsome tribes and petty kingdoms recorded by the Romans, though evidence that at times occupants neglected the defences might suggest that symbolic power was sometimes as significant as warfare.

The Roman period

In the 1st century the Romans recorded the Votadini as a British tribe. The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Between 138-162 they came under direct Roman military rule as occupants of the region between Hadrian's and the Antonine Walls. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf Fortification, built by the Romans across what is now the Central belt of Scotland Then when the Romans drew back to Hadrian's Wall the Votadini became a friendly buffer state, getting the rewards of alliance with Rome without being under its rule, until about 400 when the Romans withdrew from southern Great Britain. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman A buffer state is a Country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them The Roman Client kingdoms in Britain were native tribes who chose to align themselves with the Roman Empire because they saw it as the best option for self-preservation Events By Place Western Roman Empire Italy is first invaded by Alaric (probable date Quantities of Roman goods found at Traprain Law, East Lothian might suggest that this proved profitable, though this is open to speculation. Traprain Law is a hill about 221m (724 feet in elevation located 6km (4 miles east of Haddington in East Lothian, Scotland. East Lothian ( Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area.

Since the 3rd century Britannia had been divided into four provinces. The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. In a late reorganisation a province called Valentia was created, which may have been a new province, perhaps including the Votadini territory, but is more likely to have been one of the four existing provinces renamed.

The sub-Roman period

After the Roman withdrawal in the early 5th century, the lands of the Votadini became part of the area known as the Hen Ogledd (the "Old North"). The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. Yr Hen Ogledd is a Welsh term meaning 'The Old North' and referring to the sub-Roman Brythonic kingdoms of what is now Northern England

By about 470 a new kingdom of Gododdin had emerged covering most of the original Votadini territory, while the southern part between the Tweed and the Tyne formed its own separate kingdom called Brynaich. Events and Trends 476 — Abdication of Romulus Augustus — fall of the Western Roman empire. The Gododdin (goˈdoðin were a Brythonic people of north-eastern Britain (modern north-east England and south-east Scotland) in the sub-Roman There are other rivers with this name see Tweed River The River Tweed ( Uisge Thuaidh in Gaelic (156 kilometres or long flows primarily through the The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now the South-East of Scotland and the North-East of Cunedda, legendary founder of the Kingdom of Gwynedd in north Wales, is supposed to have been a Gododdin chieftain who migrated south-west about this time. Cunedda ap Edern (c 386–c 460 AD; reigned from the 440s or 450s (Cunetacius Kenneth also known as Cunedda Wledig ("holder of lands" Gwynedd (pr) is one of several Welsh Successor states that emerged in 5th-century post-Roman Britain.

Both kingdoms eventually fell to the Angles of Bernicia; it is this warfare that is commemorated in Aneirin's late 6th/early 7th century poem-cycle Y Gododdin. The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestral region of Angeln, a modern district located in Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now the South-East of Scotland and the North-East of Aneirin or Neirin was a late 6th century Brythonic Poet. He is believed to have been a Bard or 'court poet' in one of the Cumbric kingdoms The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Y Gododdin (pronounced /ə gɔ'dɔðɪn/ is a medieval Welsh poem consisting of a series of elegies to the men of the Brythonic kingdom of

Modern reference

The name has been taken by the Votadini Motorcycle Club, based in the North East of England. ^[2]

See also

• Dere Street
• History of Scotland
• History of Northumberland
• Yeavering Bell

References

External links

• Ancient Lothian - Histories - the romano-british era (use the search function for "Votadini" to find the article)
• The History Files: Post-Roman Celtic Kingdoms: Goutodin
• BBC - History - The Gododdin 590
• BBC - History - Tribes of Britain
• A Very Rough Guide To the Main DNA Sources of the Counties of the British Isles John Eckersley, Katherine Hope Borges, 12 June 2006. The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Retrieved 5 September 2006.

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