A virgin (or maiden) is, originally, a young woman characterized by absence of sexual experience (see Etymology). Virginity is the state of being a virgin. The word is also often used with wider reference by relaxing the age, gender or sexual criteria. ^[1] Hence, more mature women can be virgins (The Virgin Queen), men can be virgins (The 40 Year-Old Virgin), and potential initiates into many fields can be colloquially termed virgins, for example a skydiving "virgin". The 40-Year-Old Virgin is a 2005 Comedy film written and directed by Judd Apatow and co-written by the film's lead In the last usage, virgin simply means uninitiated.

Also by extension from its primary sense, the idea that a virgin has an emotional "blank slate",^[2] without complications for her potential intimate emotional life with men,^[2] leads to the abstraction of unadulterated purity (see below). Hence, virgin can even be used with non-human referents. Unalloyed metal is sometimes described as virgin. ^[1] Some cocktails can be described as virgin, when lacking the alcoholic admixture. A cocktail is a style of Mixed drink. Originally a mixture of distilled spirits, Sugar, Water, and Bitters, the word has gradually In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon ^[1] Similarly, olive oil may be called virgin if it contains no refined oil, or extra-virgin if it comes from the first pressing. Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees ^[1]

The last instance also incorporates yet another association of virginity—the notability of its loss. More properly, the association is with the significance of the addition of a new status, rather than a loss. Hence this association is typically found in references to the first instance of a potentially extended series of like events. Just as extra-virgin olive oil is from the first pressing, so a maiden or virgin speech is an incumbent's first address. A maiden speech is the first speech given by a newly- elected members of a Legislature or Parliament. The same metaphor, using the synonym maiden, is applied to the first or maiden voyage of a ship. Maiden Voyage is the fifth Album led by Jazz musician Herbie Hancock, and was recorded by Rudy Van Gelder in 1965 for Blue Note A mother's maiden name is the surname she had when she was (presumed to be) a virgin—her first surname. In cricket, a maiden over is an over from which no runs were scored. In the sport of Cricket, an over is a set of six consecutive balls bowled in succession Maiden Castles are those with the reputation of never having been captured.

Wool can be virgin. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species ^[1] Computer systems can be virgin. ^[3] Unfertilized gametes can be virgin. A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμέτης; translated gamete = wife gametes = husband is a cell that fuses with another gamete ^[1] Females of various species, by analogy with Homo sapiens, if they have never mated, can also be called virgin. ^[1]

Chastity is a near synonym of virginity,^[1] the distinction being that chastity views sexual integrity in terms of faithfulness to a spouse, rather than as absolute inexperience. Chastity is Sexual behavior of a man or woman acceptable to the ethical norms and guidelines of a culture civilization or Religion. Sexual jealousy is a recurrent theme throughout the history of literature. Sexual jealousy is a special form of Jealousy in sexual relationships present in Animals that reproduce through Internal fertilization, such Virginity derives its significance from this context, because it distinguishes between unmarried women who have had no sexual partners and those who have.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Human sexual selection 3 In culture 3.1 Technical virginity 3.2 Loss of virginity 3.3 Non-physical virginity 3.4 Analogies relating to virginity 4 Academic study 4.1 Cultural anthropology 4.2 Social psychology 5 Religion 5.1 Hinduism 5.1.1 Contemporary Hinduism 5.2 Judaism 5.2.1 Contemporary Judaism 5.3 Greece and Rome 5.4 Christianity 5.4.1 Catholic theology 5.4.2 Christian Mysticism and Gnostic Christianity 5.4.3 Contemporary Christianity 5.5 Islam 6 Medicine and biology 7 Notes 8 See also 9 External links 10 Literature

Etymology

The word virgin comes via Old French virgine from the root form of Latin virgo, genitive virgin-is, meaning literally "maiden" or "virgin"—a sexually intact young woman. Old French was the Romance Dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another ^[4] The Latin word probably arose by analogy with a suit of lexemes based on vireo, meaning "to be green, fresh or flourishing", mostly with botanic reference—in particular, virga meaning "strip of wood". For its use in the context of Computer Science see Lexical analysis. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life ^[5] The first known use of virgin in English comes from an Anglo-Saxon manuscript held at Trinity College, Cambridge. Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England.

• c. 1200: Ðar haueð . . . martirs, and confessors, and uirgines maked faier bode inne to women. — Trinity College Homilies 185 [ms B. This is a listing of Illuminated manuscripts produced between 900 and 1066 in Anglo-Saxon monasteries, or by Anglo-Saxon Scribes or Illuminators 15. 34 (369)]

In this, and many later contexts, the reference is specifically Christian, alluding to members of the order of virgins known to have existed since the early church from the writings of the Church Fathers. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church ^[6] However, within about a century, the word was expanded to apply also to Mary, the mother of Jesus, hence to sexual virginity explicitly. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE)

• c. 1300: Conceiud o þe hali gast, born o þe virgine marie. — Cursor Mundi 24977

Further expansion of the word to include virtuous (or naïve) young women, irrespective of religious connection, occurred over about another century. Cursor Mundi (Latin for "Runner of the World" is an anonymous Middle-English religious poem of nearly 30000 lines written around 1300 AD.

• c. 1400: Voide & vacand of vices as virgyns it ware. — The Wars of Alexander 4665

These are just three of the eighteen definitions of virgin from the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED1, pages 230-232). Alexander romance is any of several collections of legends concerning the mythical exploits of Alexander the Great. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English Most of the OED1 definitions, however, are very similar.

Frank Harris (1923) claims to have given the following humorous etymology in a lecture, " 'vir,' as everyone knows, is Latin for a man, while 'gin' is good old English for a trap; virgin is therefore a mantrap. Frank Harris ( February 14, 1856 &ndash August 27, 1931) was a naturalised American Author of British origin editor, "^[7] Other, serious, but unsupported etymologies exist in print.

The German for "virgin" is Jungfrau. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The Jungfrau ( German: "maiden/virgin" is the highest peak of a mountain Massif of the same name located in the Bernese Oberland region of the Although Jungfrau literally means "young woman", a standard formal German word for a young woman, without implications regarding sexuality, is Fräulein. Fräulein can be used in German, as a title of respect, equivalent to current usage of Miss in English. Jungfrau is the word reserved specifically for sexual inexperience. As Frau means "woman", it suggests a female referent. Mrs (UK or Mrs (USA is an English honorific used for women, usually for those who are married and who do not have a title that would take Unlike English, German has a specific word for a male virgin Jüngling ("Youngling"). It is, however, rarely used in this sense. Jungfrau, with some masculine modifier, is more typical, as evidenced by the film, The 40 Year-Old Virgin, about a 40 year-old male virgin, titled in German, Jungfrau (40), männlich, sucht. ^[8] German also distinguishes between young women and girls, who are denoted by the word Mädchen. A girl is any Female Human from birth through Childhood and Adolescence to attainment of Adulthood The term may also be used to mean The English cognate "maid" was often used to imply virginity, especially in poetry. Cognates in Linguistics are words that have a common origin They may occur within a language such as shirt and skirt as two English words descended from

By contrast, the Greek word for "virgin" is parthenos (παρθένος, see Parthenon). The Parthenon ( Ancient Greek:) is a temple of the Greek goddess Athena, built in the 5th century BC on the Athenian Acropolis Although typically applied to women, like English, it is also applied to men, in both cases specifically denoting absence of sexual experience. When used of men, it does not carry a strong association of "never-married" status. However, in reference to women, historically, it was sometimes used to refer to an engaged woman—parthenos autou (παρθένος αὐτού, his virgin) = his fiancée as opposed to gunē autou (γυνή αὐτού, his woman) = his wife. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** This distinction is necessary due to there being no specific word for wife (or husband) in Greek.

Human sexual selection

In 1989 and 1990, evolutionary psychologist David M Buss and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin published results from a large study of expressed preferences in mate selection, then current across human societies. Evolutionary psychology ( EP) attempts to explain mental and psychological traits ��such as Memory, Perception, David Buss (born April 14, 1953) is a professor of Psychology at The University of Texas at Austin, known for his Evolutionary psychology The study involved more than 10,000 respondants from 37 cultures. "The desire for chastity or virginity (lack of prior sexual intercourse) proved to be the most cross-culturally variable. Mainland Chinese placed tremendous value on virginity; Scandinavians typically placed little importance on chastity. "^[9] Respondants also expressed preferences regarding appearance, income potential, age difference and other factors. Preference (also called " taste " or "penchant" is a concept used in the Social sciences particularly Economics. Some factors—like kindness, intelligence and health—were valued highly across cultures and by both sexes. A mate's appearance was more commonly reported as being important to men than to women, whereas income potential was more important to women than to men. Income, refers to consumption opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame which is generally expressed in monetary terms

Also published in 1989 and 1990, a much-cited study at a United States campus by Clark and Hatfield involved male and female researchers approaching total strangers of the opposite sex one-to-one and asking one the following questions.

• Would you go out on a date with me?
• Would you go back to my apartment with me?
• Would you have sex with me?

Female students answered yes to the male researchers 50%, 6% and 0%. Male students answered yes to the female researchers 50%, 69% and 75%. (A later Austrian study attempted to reproduce the results, but found as many as 6% of females responded yes to a sexual invitation from a total stranger, concluding that social context was significant in female assent. )^[10]

Studies like those above are consistent with evolutionary explanations of certain aspects of human psychology. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Psychological preferences in sexual behaviour can have reproductive consequences, hence natural selection should operate on them, and may do so differently in men and women. Preference (also called " taste " or "penchant" is a concept used in the Social sciences particularly Economics. Human sexual behavior or different human sexual practices encompass a wide range of activities such as strategies to find or attract partners ( Mating and display The Evolution of sexual reproduction is a major puzzle The first Fossilized evidence of sexually reproducing Organisms is from Eukaryotes of the Stenian Natural selection is the process by which favorable Heritable traits become more common in successive Generations of a Population of In particular, "Males who preferred chaste females in our environment of evolutionary adaptedness, ceteris paribus, presumably enjoyed greater reproductive success than males who were indifferent to the sexual contact that a potential mate had with other males. la Cēterīs paribus is a Latin phrase literally translated as "with other things the same "^[11] Dickerman (1981) and Daly & Wilson (1983) argue, "chastity would also provide a cue to the future fidelity of a selected mate. A male failing to express such a preference would risk investing in offspring that were not his. "^[12] Buss notes, "A female could be sure her putative children were her own, regardless of the prior sexual experience of her mate. This sexual asymmetry yields a specific prediction: Males will value chastity in a potential mate more than will females. "^[11]

David Buss has had a long and distinguished career, pioneering cross-cultural study of sexual jealousy and refining evolutionary explanations of this psychological phenomenon. Sexual jealousy is a special form of Jealousy in sexual relationships present in Animals that reproduce through Internal fertilization, such The Evolution of Desire (ISBN 0465077501) makes the academic work accessible for the popular market.

The evolutionary theory also accounts for the linguistic evidence, where terminology for sexual inexperience is more often associated with women than with men. Virginity, or chastity, in women is probably simply more valued psychologically, hence talked about more. Chastity is Sexual behavior of a man or woman acceptable to the ethical norms and guidelines of a culture civilization or Religion. Nonetheless, the evidence also suggests that cultural influences are significant in reinforcing or suppressing any evolved, psychological factors.

In culture

Another cross-cultural study in 2003, by Michael Bozon, found contemporary cultures to fall into three broad categories.

In the first group, the data indicated families arranging marriage for daughters as close to puberty as possible, with significantly older men. Age of men at sexual initiation in these societies is at later ages than that of women, but is often extra-marital. This group included sub-Saharan Africa (the study listed Mali, Senegal and Ethiopia). Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali is a Landlocked nation in Western Africa. Senegal (le Sénégal officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page The study considered the Indian subcontinent also fell into this group, although data was only available from Nepal. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia.

In the second group, the data indicated families encouraged daughters to delay marriage, but to abstain from sexual activity prior to it. However, sons are encouraged to gain experience with older women or prostitutes prior to marriage. Age of men at sexual initiation in these societies is at lower ages than that of women. This group includes Latin cultures, both from southern Europe (Portugal, Greece and Romania are noted) and from South America (Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic). The term Southern Europe can have four definitions geographical political climatic phytogeographic Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with The study considered many Asian societies also fell into this group, although matching data was only available from Thailand. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj

In the third group, age of men and women at sexual intiation was more closely matched. There were two sub-groups, however. In non-Latin, Catholic countries (Poland and Lithuania are mentioned), age at sexual initiation was higher, suggesting later marriage and reciprocal valuing of male and female virginity. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The same pattern of late marriage and reciprocal valuing of virginity was reflected in Singapore and Sri Lanka. Singapore Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The study considered China and Vietnam also fell into this group, although data was not available. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially

Finally, in northern and eastern European countries, age at sexual initiation was lower, with both men and women involved in sexual activity prior to any union formation. The study listed Switzerland, Germany and the Czech Republic as members of this group. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia,

The state of virginity often has special significance, usually as something to be respected or valued. This is especially true in societies where there are traditional or religious views associating sexual exclusiveness with marriage. Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings Attitudes regarding male virginity and female virginity have often diverged, however, usually placing greater emphasis on the latter, and even devaluing the former. In modern times it is not uncommon for either male or female virginity in adolescents and adults to be disparaged by peers, as a sign of immaturity.

Female virginity is closely interwoven with personal or even family honour in many cultures, especially those known as shame societies, in which the loss of virginity before marriage is a matter of deep shame. A Shame Society is one in which the primary device for gaining control over children and maintaining control over adults is the inculcation of shame and the complementary For example, among the Bantu of South Africa, virginity testing or even the suturing of the labia majora (called infibulation) has been commonplace. Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people The labia majora (singular labium majus) are two prominent Longitudinal Cutaneous folds which extend downward and backward from the Mons pubis See also Female genital cutting Infibulation, in modern usage is the practice of surgical closure of the Labia majora (outer lips of the vulva by sewing Traditionally, Kenuzi girls (of the Sudan) are married before puberty (Godard, 1867), by adult men who inspect them manually for virginity (Kenedy, 1970). Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Female circumcision is later performed at puberty to ensure chastity (Barclay, 1964). Female genital cutting (FGC also known as female genital mutilation (FGM female circumcision or female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C refers to

In Western marriage ceremonies, brides traditionally wear veils and white wedding dresses, which are believed by many people to be symbols of virginity. In fact, wearing white is a comparatively recent custom among western brides, who previously wore whatever colors they wished or simply their "best dress. " Wearing white became a matter first of trendy fashion and then of custom and tradition only over the course of the 19th century.

History evidences laws and customs that required a man who seduced or raped a virgin to take responsibility for the consequences of his offense by marrying the girl or by paying compensation to her father on her behalf. ^[13]

Technical virginity

Some historians and anthropologists note that many societies that place a high value on virginity before marriage, such as the United States before the sexual revolution, actually have a large amount of premarital sexual activity that does not involve vaginal penetration: for example, oral sex, anal sex and mutual masturbation. Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The sexual revolution refers to the well-documented changes in social thought and codes of behaviour related to sexuality throughout the Western world that continues to evolve Sexual penetration is the Penetration of a Bodily orifice, such as the Vagina, Anus or Mouth, with a body part or another object Oral sex refers to sexual activities involving the use of the Mouth, and may include use of the Tongue, Teeth, and Throat, in order Anal sex most often refers to the sex act involving insertion of the Penis into the Rectum. Non-penetrative sex (also known as outercourse and dry sex) is Sexual activity without Vaginal Anal, and Oral penetration This is considered by some people "technical" virginity, as vaginal intercourse has not occurred but the participants are sexually active.

Assertions of technical virginity, often made for religious reasons, may be regarded by some as inaccurate. A number of sex educators have challenged the idea that "having sex" explicitly excludes sexual activity other than vaginal intercourse. They propose instead that it should rather include oral or anal sex, and mutual masturbation. It therefore follows that once an individual has engaged in such sexual activity, they are no longer a virgin in any meaningful sense. Still, many people would admit a somewhat important difference between those acts that merely give sexual pleasure (i. e, performing oral sex, a handjob, etc) and those that receive it (penetrating, being penetrated, or otherwise brought to orgasm). Though there might be the notion that the recipient of a handjob has lost their virginity, few people would consider the hand that performed it to be therefore deflowered.

There are however anthropological reasons for the view that vaginal penetration, especially on the part of the woman, is especially indicative of a change in status, a threshold irrevocably crossed, the most incontrovertible "loss of virginity". And that is because a woman who has been vaginally penetrated is one who may have potentially conceived. From an evolutionary standpoint, men would prefer "virgin" mates under this definition to be sure that the woman was not carrying another man's child which the new husband would be "tricked" into caring for as his own.

Loss of virginity

The act of losing one's virginity, that is, of a first sexual experience, is commonly considered within Western culture to be an important life event and a rite of passage. A rite of passage is a Ritual that marks a change in a person's social or sexual status It is highlighted by many mainstream Western movies (particularly films aimed at a teenaged audience). Mainstream is generally the common current of Thought of the Majority. The teen film (also called teen movie or teenpic) is a Film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the The loss of virginity can be viewed as a milestone to be proud of or as a failure to be ashamed of, depending on cultural perceptions. Historically, these perceptions were heavily influenced by perceived gender roles, such that for a male the association was more often with pride and for a female the association was more often with shame. A gender role is defined as a set of perceived behavioural norms associated particularly with Males or Females in a given social group or system

In human females, the hymen is a membrane, part of the vulva, which partially occludes the entrance to the vagina, and which stretches, or is sometimes torn, when the woman first engages in sexual intercourse. The hymen (also called maidenhead) is a fold of Mucous membrane which surrounds or partially covers the external Vaginal opening The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin covered in Epithelium, which are involved in The vulva (from Latin, vulva, plural vulvae or vulvas; see etymology) is the region of the external genital organs The vagina (from Latin, literally " Sheath " or " Scabbard " is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the Uterus Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract The human hymen can vary widely in thickness, shape, and flexibility. The presence of an intact membrane has, by some throughout history, been seen as physical evidence of virginity in the broader technical sense, though the hymen can be easily broken by other means.

In the majority of women, the hymen is sufficiently vestigial as to pose no obstruction to the entryway of the vagina. Vestigiality describes homologous characters of Organisms which have lost all or most of their original function in a species through The presence of a broken hymen may therefore indicate that the vagina has been penetrated but also that it was broken via physical activity or the use of a tampon or dildo. A tampon is a plug of Cotton or other absorbent material inserted into a Body cavity or Wound to absorb bodily fluid A dildo is a Sex toy, often explicitly Phallic in appearance intended for bodily penetration during self-administered Masturbation Many women possess such thin, fragile hymens, easily stretched and already perforated at birth, that the hymen can be broken, or merely disappear, in childhood, without the woman even being aware of it.

In contrast to the common cases of an absent or partial hymen, in rare cases a woman may possess an imperforate hymen, such as prevents the release of menstrual discharge. A surgical procedure known as hymenotomy, which creates an opening in the hymen, is sometimes required to avert deleterious health effects. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental A hymenotomy is a minor Medical procedure involving the surgical removal or opening of the Hymen. The playwright Ben Jonson claimed that Queen Elizabeth I of England, the Virgin Queen, had a "membranum" that made her "incapable of Man", and that a friend of hers, a "chirurgeon", had offered to remedy the problem with his scalpel and that Elizabeth had demurred. Benjamin Jonson ( c 11 June 1572 &ndash 6 August 1637) was an English Renaissance Dramatist

The presence of a hymen is a possible indication, but no guarantee, of virginity, given that it is speculated that some degree of sexual activity may occur without rupturing the hymen and because there may exist varying definitions as to the type and extent of sexual activity that is required to terminate the state of "virginity". This is further complicated by the availability of hymenorrhaphy surgical procedures to repair or replace the hymen. Hymenoplasty redirects here For the operation to correct an imperforate hymen see Hymenotomy. (This procedure is more common in countries where virginity is greatly prized, as in the Middle East. )

In males, there is no physically visible indicator of virginity.

In some countries until the late 20th century, if a man did not marry a woman whose virginity he had taken, the woman was allowed to sue the man for money, in some languages named "wreath money". Wreath money is not a legal term but the literal translation of German "Kranzgeld" ^[14]

Non-physical virginity

In some cultures, women are not regarded as virgins after a sexual assault, but some people disavow this notion. Sexual assault is any Assault of a sexual nature on another person There are also those who take this "spiritual" concept of virginity to its maximum, considering "born again virgins" to be virgins, regardless of their past sexual conduct.

Analogies relating to virginity

The sexual partner during the loss of virginity is sometimes colloquially said to "take" the virginity of the virgin partner. A sexual partner is a person with whom one engages in sex acts. A colloquialism is an expression not used in formal speech, writing or Paralinguistics. In some places, this colloquialism is only used when the partner is not a virgin, but in other places, the virginity of the partner does not matter. The term "deflower" is sometimes used to also describe the act of the virgin's partner, and the clinical term "defloration" is another way to describe the event.

One slang term used for virginity is "cherry" (often, this term refers to the hymen, but can refer to virginity in males or females) and for a virgin, deflowering is said to "pop their cherry," a reference to destruction of the hymen during first intercourse. The hymen (also called maidenhead) is a fold of Mucous membrane which surrounds or partially covers the external Vaginal opening Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract

A curious term often seen in English translations of the works of the Marquis de Sade is to depucelate. Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, Marquis de Sade ( June 2, 1740 – December 2, 1814) ( was a French aristocrat This word is apparently a literal translation of dépuceler, a French verb derived from pucelle (n. f. ), which means "virgin". Joan of Arc was commonly called "la Pucelle" by her admirers. Joan of Arc (c 1412 Joan asserted that she had visions from God that told her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years'

Academic study

Although wide variety of terminology is employed within academic literature, a common term for "losing virginity" is sexual debut. One theory hypothesizes there is an appropriate developmental stage for this, hence an approximate age (see age of consent). While the phrase age of consent typically does not appear in legal Statutes when used with in relation to sexual activity, the age of consent is the minimum age at

Cultural anthropology

Cultural anthropologists have discovered that romantic love and sexual jealousy are universal features of human relationships. Cultural anthropology is one of four fields of Anthropology (the holistic study of humanity) as it developed in the United States. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** Sexual jealousy is a special form of Jealousy in sexual relationships present in Animals that reproduce through Internal fertilization, such ^[15] Social values related to virginity reflect both sexual jealousy and ideals of romantic love, and appear to be deeply embedded in human nature.

Social psychology

Psychology explores the connection between thought and behaviour. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Seeking understanding of social (or anti-social) behaviours includes sexual behaviour. Joan Kahn and Kathryn London studied U. S. women married between 1965 and 1985 to see if virginity at marriage influenced risk of divorce.

“

This article examines the relationship between premarital sexual activity and the long-term risk of divorce among U. S. women married between 1965 and 1985. Simple cross-tabulations from the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth indicate that women who were sexually active prior to marriage faced a considerably higher risk of marital disruption than women who [sic] were virgin brides. A bivariate probit model is employed to examine three possible explanations for this positive relationship: (a) a direct causal effect, (b) an indirect effect through intervening "high risk" behaviours (such as having a premarital birth or marrying at a young age), and (c) a selectivity effect representing prior differences between virgins and nonvirgins (such as family background or attitudes and values). After a variety of observable characteristics are controlled, nonvirgins still face a much higher risk of divorce than virgins. However, when the analysis controls for unobserved charateristics affecting both the liklihood of having premarital sex and the likelihood of divorce, the differential is no longer significant. These results suggest that the positive relationship between premarital sex and the risk of divorce can be attributed to prior unobserved differences (e. g. , the willingness to break traditional norms) rather than to a direct causal effect. [16]

”

This study makes no recommendation, it simply notes that the women most likely to exercise freedom to enter sexual relationships prior to marriage, overlap significantly with the women most likely to exercise freedom to leave a relationship after marriage. Men were not the subject of this study, they may show a different degree of overlap, greater or lesser.

Religion

Hinduism

In Sanskrit a virgin is called akṣata-yoni. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Kṣata means "diminished", a is the negating prefix and yoni refers to female reproductive organs generically — used freely for womb or vulva as context requires. The uterus (from the Latin word for womb) is the major Female reproductive organ of most Mammals including Humans One end the The vulva (from Latin, vulva, plural vulvae or vulvas; see etymology) is the region of the external genital organs Hence akṣata-yoni suggests something like "undefiled womb" or "unspoiled vulva", but could be understood specifically as "unruptured hymen". Common related words are kanyā and kumārī, which refer to a young, unmarried girl, a bride or a daughter in general. Whilst virginity is not strictly implied by the words, it is generally presumed. These are also names of the goddess Durga, who is a virgin in some of her aspects or manifestations (see avatar). In Hinduism, Durga ("the inaccessible" or "the invincible" or Maa Durga (Mother Durga is a form of Devi, the supreme Goddess Avatar or Avatara (अवतार IAST Avatāra) is often inaccurately translated into English as incarnation

a Purāṇa text:

"The sun-god said: O beautiful Pṛthā, your meeting with the demigods cannot be fruitless. For other meanings see Purana (disambiguation. The Puranas ( Sanskrit: sa पुराण purāṇa, "of ancient times" Therefore, let me place my seed in your womb so that you may bear a son. I shall arrange to keep your virginity intact, since you are still an unmarried girl. "^[17]

a legal text attributed to Manu:

"The nuptial texts are applied solely to virgins, (and) nowhere among men to females who have lost their virginity, for such (females) are excluded from religious ceremonies. For other uses of Manu see Manu In Hinduism, Manu is a title accorded the progenitor of mankind, first king to rule "^[18]

Contemporary Hinduism

In predominantly Hindu societies in Nepal and India, any form of premarital sexual intercourse is still frowned upon immensely and is considered an act destined to bring great dishonour and disrespect to the family. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It is practically impossible for a non-virgin girl to find a partner from a traditional family.

Judaism

Virginity first appears in the Jewish scriptures in Genesis, where Eliezer is seeking a wife for his master's son. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut For the mathematician and Tamil activist see CJ Eliezer; also look at Eleazar Eliezer ( Hebrew: אֱלִיעֶזֶר He meets Rebekah, and the narrative tells us, "the damsel was very fair to look upon, a virgin, neither had any man known her" (Genesis 24:16). This article is about the biblical matriarch For other uses of the word Rebecca see Rebecca (disambiguation Rebecca (also Rebekah also Virginity is a recurring theme in the Bible — the nation is frequently personified as the virgin daughter of Israel in the prophetic poetry. It is a wistful phrase, since Genesis also says that Israel's (Jacob's) only daughter Dinah was, in fact, raped as she entered the promised land. Jacob ( Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard   Yaʿaqov Tiberian   Yaʿăqōḇ; According to the Hebrew Bible, Dinah ( was the daughter of Jacob, one of the Patriarchs of the Israelites and Leah, his first wife The Torah also contains laws governing betrothal, marriage and divorce, with particular provisions regarding virginity in Deuteronomy 22. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to Deuteronomy (Greek deuteronomion, Δευτερονόμιον "second law" is the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible and of the Old Testament

Sex in Judaism is not seen as dirty or undesirable — in fact, sex within marriage is considered a mitzvah, or desirable virtue. This article is about commandments in Judaism For the Jewish rite of passage see Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah Mitzvah ( Hebrew: מצוה Jewish law contains rules related to and protecting female virgins and dealing with consensual and non-consensual pre-marital sex. The thrust of Jewish law's guidance on sex is effectively that it should not be rejected, but should be lived as a wholesome part of life.

Although there is a provision in Judaism for sex outside of marriage, the idea of a pilegesh, is it very seldom used, partially because of the emphasis placed on marriage and other social pressures, and partially because some prominent Rabbis have been opposed to it, for example Maimonides. Pilegesh ( is a Hebrew term for a Concubine with similar Social and Legal standing to a recognized wife often for the purpose of producing Moses Maimonides ( March 30 1135 – December 13 1204) also known as the Rambam, was a Rabbi, Physician, and

While a child born of certain forbidden relationships, such as adultery or incest, is considered a mamzer, approximately translated as illegitimate, who can only marry another mamzer, a child born out of wedlock is not considered a mamzer unless also adulterous or incestuous. Adultery is the voluntary Sexual intercourse between a married person and another person who is not his or her Spouse, though in many places it is Incest refers to any sexual activity between closely related persons (often within the immediate family that is illegal or socially Taboo. In Halakha ( Jewish religious law a Mamzer (ממזר is a person born of certain forbidden relationships between two Jews

Contemporary Judaism

However, in practice, contemporary Judaism is fairly lenient about sexual relations and has been, since its early days, fairly pragmatic about the realities of sex and sexuality. The more liberal denominations (Reconstructionist Judaism, Reform Judaism, and Conservative Judaism) are relatively open to pre-marital sex: while it is not encouraged, it is not ignored, either—rules governing sexuality still apply, etc. Reconstructionist Judaism is a modern American-based Jewish movement based on the ideas of the late Mordecai Kaplan (1881 – 1983 Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently subjected to vandalism and the insertion of personal opinions Conservative Judaism (also known as Masorti Judaism in Israel and Europe) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out In stricter denominations, such as the Hasidim, sex before marriage can be relatively uncommon, as religious practices of modesty, arranged marriages, marriages at a younger age, and related practices, may apply, thus restricting the mobility of single people. Standards of modesty (also called demureness or reticence) are aspects of the Culture of a Country or people at a given point in time

Greece and Rome

Virginity has been often considered to be a virtue denoting purity and physical self-restraint and is an important characteristic of Greek goddesses Athena, Artemis, and Hestia. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance A goddess is a Female Deity. Many Cultures have goddesses Often deities are part of a polytheistic system that includes several deities ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. In Greek mythology, Artemis language|Greek] ( Nominative), ( Genitive))] was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister In Greek mythology, virginal Hestia, (Roman name Vesta daughter of Kronus and Rhea, ( ancient Greek) is the Goddess The Vestal Virgins were strictly celibate priestesses of Vesta. In Ancient Rome, the Vestal Virgins ( sacerdos Vestalis) were the virgin Holy female Priests of Vesta, the Goddess of the Vesta was the Virgin goddess of the Hearth, home and family in Roman mythology. The Maiden or Virgin is one of the three persons of the Triple Goddess in many Neopagan traditions. In ancient Indo-European mythologies various Goddesses or demi-goddesses appear as a triad, either as three separate beings Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is an Umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements particularly those influenced by historical The constellation Virgo represents a wide selection of sacred virgins. Virgo ( Virgin, symbol, Unicode ♍ is a Constellation of the Zodiac.

Christianity

Like Judaism, from which it was derived, the New Testament views sex within marriage positively, in fact, it is encouraged in 1 Corinthians 7. Just as this chapter is against sex without marriage, so it is against marriage without sex. Self control is valued, however it is considered unrealistic for most, and therefore allows for sexual expression in the safe boundaries of marriage.

Some have theorized that the New Testament was not against sex before marriage. ^[19] The discussion turns on two Greek words — moicheia (μοιχεία, adultery) and porneia (el:πορνεία, fornication see also pornography). Fornication, or simple fornication is a term which refers to voluntary Sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other Pornography or porn is the explicit depiction of Sexual subject matter with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer The first word is restricted to contexts involving sexual betrayal of a spouse, however the second word is a generic term for illegitimate sexual activity. As such it is not specific about which particular behaviours are considered illegitimate. Elsewhere in 1 Corinthians , incest, homosexual intercourse and prostitution are all explicitly forbidden by name. Incest refers to any sexual activity between closely related persons (often within the immediate family that is illegal or socially Taboo. The theory suggests it is these, and only these behaviours that are intended by Paul's prohibition in chapter seven. Two of the strongest arguments against this theory are: 1. Paul speaks as though porneia is widespread and virtually inevitable, which is unlikely of incest, homosexuality and prostitution, but plausible of pre-marital sex; and 2. the Old Testament especially, but also the New outside Corinthians, speaks against pre-marital sex; without evidence Paul permitted pre-marital sex, it is safer to assume he did not.

As in Judaism, the interpretation of Genesis is that it describes sex as a gift from God to be celebrated within the context of marriage. The New Testament also speaks of the Christian's body as a holy temple that the Spirit of God comes to dwell in. (1 Corinthians 3:16) Purity in general is deeply threaded throughout the entire Bible.

Christians have officially accepted the New Testament claim that Mary, the mother of Jesus, was a virgin at the time Jesus was conceived, based on the accounts in the gospels of Matthew and Luke. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel The Gospel of Luke (Gk Κατά Λουκάν Ευαγγέλιον) is a synoptic Gospel, and is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the The Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox denominations, additionally hold to the dogma of the perpetual virginity of Mary. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Oriental Orthodoxy is the communion of Eastern Christian Churches that recognize only three Ecumenical councils — the First Council of Nicaea, the Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas, Greek, plural) is the established Belief or The Perpetual Virginity of Mary, a dogma of the Roman Catholic Church and also of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodoxy, which However, Protestants cite evidence against this including Mark 6:3: "Isn't this the carpenter, the son of Mary, and the brother of James, Joses, Judas, and Simon? And aren't His sisters here with us?". The Catholic Church holds ^[20] that in Semitic usage the terms "brother," "sister" are applied not only to children of the same parents, but to nephews, nieces, cousins, half-brothers, and half-sisters. Some Christians may refer to her as the Virgin Mary or the Blessed Virgin Mary. This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary

The above statement is generally not true for Protestants. Most protestants believe that at the time of the birth of Jesus, Mary was a virgin.

Catholic theology

While traditional Catholic theology recognizes a physical aspect of virginity, the moral aspects are far more important. In traditional theology, virgins are thought to receive a special aureola in heaven, and as such it was important to define exactly what constituted this "theological virginity". An aureola or aureole (diminutive of Latin aurea, "golden" is the radiance of luminous cloud which in Paintings of sacred personages Heaven may refer to the physical heavens the sky or the seemingly endless expanse of the Universe beyond Depending on the culture, this definition of virginity may be very different from the "social definition of virginity. " In Catholic theology, virginity is technically lost by any deliberately felt sexual pleasure, and as such is forfeit even by masturbation, though not necessarily by sexual acts in which one participates but in a way that does not cause genital pleasure for oneself. Masturbation refers to Sexual stimulation especially of one's own genitals ( self masturbation) and often to the point of Orgasm, which In some part because of this last possibility, it is specified that not all virgins are necessarily chaste, and that an intention of purity is needed for the virginity to be meritous. However, while this intention can be lost and restored and the aureola still gained, the physical fact of sexual pleasure voluntarily engaged in is irreversible.

In some ways, this is the most logically consistent definition; in traditional theological thought there is little objective difference, either physiologically or morally, between being brought to orgasm by one's own hand and being brought to orgasm by the body of another if the latter act was not open to life. Acts such as masturbation and sodomy have traditionally been regarded as worse sexual sins because they are allegedly unnatural for not being open to the possibility of conception, whereas fornication or adultery could still theoretically be "natural" even if not moral. Sodomy (ˈsɒdəmi is a term used today predominantly in Law (derived from traditional Christian usage to describe the act of Anal intercourse, Oral intercourse Fornication, or simple fornication is a term which refers to voluntary Sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other Adultery is the voluntary Sexual intercourse between a married person and another person who is not his or her Spouse, though in many places it is Therefore, it would be odd for theology to conclude that virginity is lost by a less grave sin but preserved in worse and more unnatural sins of lust.

The Catholic Encyclopedia says: "There are two elements in virginity: the material element, that is to say, the absence, in the past and in the present, of all complete and voluntary delectation, whether from lust or from the lawful use of marriage; and the formal element, that is the firm resolution to abstain forever from sexual pleasure. " And, "Virginity is irreparably lost by sexual pleasure, voluntarily and completely experienced. " ^[21] However, for the purposes of consecrated virgins and nuns, prior masturbation is not usually inquired into, and canonically it is enough that any sexual activity of theirs is not publicly known or infamous. In the Catholic Church a consecrated virgin is a woman who has dedicated herself to a life of Virginity or perpetual Chastity in the service of A Nun is a Woman who has taken special vows committing her to a religious life

Aquinas, emphasizing that acts other than copulation destroy virginity, but also clarifying that involuntary sexual pleasure or pollution does not destroy virginity says in his Summa Theologica, "Pleasure resulting from resolution of semen may arise in two ways. The Summa Theologica (or the Summa Theologiae or simply the Summa, written 1265 &ndash 1274) is the most famous If this be the result of the mind's purpose, it destroys virginity, whether copulation takes place or not. Augustine, however, mentions copulation, because such like resolution is the ordinary and natural result thereof. On another way this may happen beside the purpose of the mind, either during sleep, or through violence and without the mind's consent, although the flesh derives pleasure from it, or again through weakness of nature, as in the case of those who are subject to a flow of semen. On such cases virginity is not forfeit, because such like pollution is not the result of impurity which excludes virginity. " ^[22]

Female saints and blesseds are generally given one of two titles. A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity Beatification (from Latin beatus, blessed via Greek μακάριος makarios) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic church Those who were either unmarried, nuns, or consecrated virgins are given the title "Virgin" while those who have been married are given the title "Holy Women", not virgins. A Nun is a Woman who has taken special vows committing her to a religious life In the Catholic Church a consecrated virgin is a woman who has dedicated herself to a life of Virginity or perpetual Chastity in the service of The title Virgin is an honorific that has been bestowed by the Roman Catholic Church to certain female Saints and blesseds who were either unmarried

Christian Mysticism and Gnostic Christianity

In Christian mysticism, Gnosticism, as well as some Hellenistic religions, there is a female spirit or Goddess named Sophia that is said to embody wisdom and whom is sometimes described as a virgin. Christian Mysticism is traditionally practised through the disciplines of Prayer (including oratio meditation and Contemplation Gnosticism (γνώσις gnōsis, Knowledge) refers to a diverse Syncretistic Religious movement consisting of various Belief systems Hellenistic religion comprises any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the peoples who lived under the influence of ancient Greek culture during the Hellenistic Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells The English word " spirit " comes from the Latin " spiritus " (breath A goddess is a Female Deity. Many Cultures have goddesses Often deities are part of a polytheistic system that includes several deities Sophia (Σoφíα Greek for " Wisdom " is a central term in Hellenistic philosophy and religion, Platonism, Wisdom is a concept of personal gaining of Knowledge, Understanding, Experience, discretion and intuitive understanding, along with a capacity In Roman Catholic mysticism, Hildegard of Bingen celebrated Sophia as a cosmic figure both in her writing and art. Christian Mysticism is traditionally practised through the disciplines of Prayer (including oratio meditation and Contemplation Hildegard of Bingen (Hildegard von Bingen Hildegardis Bingensis 1098 – 17 September 1179) also known as Blessed Hildegard and Saint Hildegard Within the Protestant tradition in England, 17th Century Christian Mystic, Universalist and founder of the Philadelphian Society Jane Leade wrote copious descriptions of her visions and dialogues with the "Virgin Sophia" who, she said, revealed to her the spiritual workings of the Universe. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Christian Mysticism is traditionally practised through the disciplines of Prayer (including oratio meditation and Contemplation Universal reconciliation, also called universal salvation or sometimes simply universalism, is the Christian doctrine or belief that all will receive Salvation Jane Leade ( 1624 – 1704) was a Christian mystic born in Norfolk, England. Leade was hugely influenced by the theosophical writings of 16th Century German Christian mystic Jakob Böhme, who also speaks of the Sophia in works such as The Way to Christ[3]. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Jakob Böhme (probably April 24 1575 &ndash November 17 1624) was a German Christian mystic and Theologian Jakob Böhme was very influential to a number of Christian mystics and religious leaders, including George Rapp and the Harmony Society. Christian Mysticism is traditionally practised through the disciplines of Prayer (including oratio meditation and Contemplation Johann Georg Rapp ( November 1, 1757 in Iptingen, Germany – August 7, 1847 in Economy Pennsylvania) was the The Harmony Society was a Christian theosophy and pietist society founded in Iptingen, Germany, in 1785 The Harmony Society was a religious pietist group that lived communally, were pacifistic, and advocated celibacy among its membership. Pietism was a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late 17th century to the mid-18th century and later A commune is an Intentional community of people living together sharing common interests Property, possessions Resources, work and Income Celibacy refers to the lack of participation in Sexual intercourse.

Contemporary Christianity

In Finland, the phrase ei ennen papin aamenta (not before priest says Amen) refers to abstinence before marriage. The word Amen (; آمين, ’Āmīn; "So be it truly" Its use in Judaism dates back to its earliest texts It is also used in any contexts to warn doing anything prematurely or before its time. The phrase includes also a side meaning "but do it for good once the priest has said the amen!".

Until recently, some states that have a significant Christian population have or have had laws protecting virginity. Germany abandoned a law (§1300 BGB) only in 1998 that entitled the deflowered virgin to compensation if the relationship ended. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (or BGB) is the Civil code of Germany. In Mexico, there is a very old saying, still used by women today: "Fulfill your promise to marry me (if we had sex), or leave me how I was (a virgin)".

Islam

Islam provides a decree that sexual activity must occur only between married individuals. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The husband and wife must always keep in mind the needs, both sexual and emotional, of each other. The concept of sex-without-marriage between "Master" and "Slave maid" had been ended by the Holy Prophet "Muhammad (Sallallaho Alaihi Wasallum)". This is referred to in the Qur'an as ma malakat aymanukum or "what your right hands possess". This is a sub-article to Islamic military jurisprudence and Prisoner of war Ma malakat aymanukum ("what your right hands possess" ^[23]

Qur'an 17:32 says "And come not near to the unlawful sexual intercourse. Verily, it is a Fâhishah [i. e. anything that transgresses its limits (a great sin)], and an evil way (that leads one to Hell unless Allâh forgives him). " Unlawful sexual intercourse zina (الزنى) refers both to adultery and premarital sex. Zina (الزناء in Islam is Extramarital sex and premarital sex

Medicine and biology

In early modern Europe, prolonged virginity in women was believed to cause the disease of chlorosis or "green sickness". In Medicine, chlorosis (also known as "green sickness" is a form of Anemia named for the greenish tinge of the skin of a patient

For cross breedings of some laboratory animals, females are needed that have not already copulated in order to insure that the offspring possess the intended genotype. A crossbreed or crossbred usually refers to an animal with Purebred parents of two different breeds varieties or populations To do this in Drosophila flies for example, females are used that are maximally 6 to 8 hours old (at 25 °C); only after this period has elapsed do inseminations begin. Drosophila is a Genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies"

Notes

See also

• Almah
• Celibacy

External links

Journal articles

• Bozon, Michael. Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim, popularly Tafsir ibn Kathir, is a classic Sunni Islam Almah ("עלמה" or plural alamot ("עלמות" is a Hebrew feminine Noun, for a girl who has reached Puberty Celibacy refers to the lack of participation in Sexual intercourse. An academic journal is a peer-reviewed Periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular Academic discipline is published 'At what age do women and men have their first sexual intercourse? World comparisons and recent trends'. Population and Societies 391 (2003) 1–4.
• Cooksey, Elizabeth C. , Frank L. Mott and Stefanie A. Neubauer. 'Friendships and Early Relationships: Links to Sexual Initiation Among American Adolescents Born to Young Mothers'. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 34 (2002): 118–126.
• Rich, Lauren M. and Sun-Bin Kim. 'Employment and the sexual and reproductive behavior of female adolescents'. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 34 (2002).
• Rosenberg, J. 'Age at first sex and human papillomavirus infection linked through behavioral factors and partner's traits'. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 34 (2002).

Press

• 'Many Regret Early First Sex', Health News, 14 April 2008 — report on an Irish study, and a program to discourage early sex

Websites

• University of California, Santa Barbara's SexInfo — advice concerning first time sex

Literature

Journals

• Armour, Stacy and Dana L Haynie. 'Adolescent Sexual Debut and Later Delinquency'. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 36 (2007): 141-152. [abstract only]
• Goodson, P. , A. Evans and E. Edmundson. 'Female adolescents and onset of sexual intercourse: A theory-based review of research from 1984 to 1994.' Journal of Adolescent Health 21 (1997): 147-156. [abstract only]

Monographs

• Bently, Thomas. A monograph ( Classical Greek, "One Writer" or "Single Writing") is a work of writing upon a single subject usually also by a single The Monument of Matrones: Conteining Seven Severall Lamps of Virginitie. Thomas Dawson, 1582.
• Carpenter, Laura. Virginity Lost: An Intimate Portrait of First Sexual Experiences. New York University Press, 2005. ISBN 0814716539

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