A vigilante is a person who ignores due process of law and enacts his or her own form of justice when they deem the response of the authorities to be insufficient. Due process (more fully due process of law) is the principle that a person has a right to receive notice and be heard in an orderly proceeding in order to protect his or her JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. Rational-legal authority (also known as rational authority, legal authority, rational domination, legal domination, or bureaucratic Several groups and individuals have been labeled as vigilantes by various historians and media. Vigilantes have been central to several creative fictional works and are often depicted as being heroes and retaliatory against wrongdoers.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Vigilante behavior 3 History 3.1 Colonial era 3.2 19th century 3.3 20th century 3.4 21st century (present day) 4 Works of fiction 4.1 In cinema 4.2 In television 4.3 In literature 4.4 In comic books 4.5 In video games 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Etymology

The term vigilante is Spanish and Portuguese for "watchman" or "watcher," ultimately from Latin "vigilans"- the present participle of "vigilare" (to watch). Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Its etymology is closely related to (though its meaning very different from) that of the term vigilance. Note that the term vigilantism is a derivative of vigilante, not of vigilant or vigilance. The term vigilante was introduced into English from the Southwestern United States. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Southwestern area of the United States could be defined as the states west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit such as the 37 Vigilantism is generally frowned upon by official agencies (who would otherwise encourage vigilance on the part of citizens), especially when it gives way to criminal behavior on the part of the vigilante. Rational-legal authority (also known as rational authority, legal authority, rational domination, legal domination, or bureaucratic In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment

Vigilante behavior

An impetus of vigilant behavior must exist to facilitate a subjective definition of vigilantism. Subjectivity refers to a subject's perspective particularly feelings beliefs and desires

"Vigilante justice" is sometimes spurred on by the perception that criminal punishment is insufficient or nonexistent to the crime. Punishment is the practice of imposing something unpleasant or aversive on a person or animal usually in response to disobedient or morally wrong behavior In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment Some people see their governments as ineffective in enforcing the law; thus, such individuals fulfill the like-minded wishes of the community. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society In other instances, a person may choose a role of vigilante as a result of personal experience as opposed to a social demand. Personal experience of a Human being is the moment-to-moment Experience and Sensory awareness of internal and external events In Sociology, social actions refer to any action that takes into account the actions and reactions of other Individuals and is modified based on those events Most significantly, some vigilantes specifically target authoritarian entities such as government.

In recent times vigilante or vigilante justice has become a tool of some legislators respecting sex offenders [rightful or wrongful labeling]to terrorize anyone forced with the label of sex offender. Legislators speak of using baseball bats, penal islands, and the use of residency restrictions to run people out of towns, villages, cities, and states based on faulty information, which generally comes with vigilante reasoning.

Persons seen as escaping from the law, or "above the law" are sometimes the targets of vigilantism. A prison escape or prison break is where a prisoner leaves their Prison through unofficial or illegal ways while an effort is made to recapture them by their ^[1] It may target persons or organizations involved in illegal activities in general or it may be aimed against a specific group or type of activity, e. g. police corruption. Leadership and corruption is a specific form of Leaders misconduct sometimes involving Political corruption, and generally designed to gain a financial or political Other times, governmental corruption is the prime target of vigilante freedom fighters.

Vigilante behavior may differ in degree of violence. In some cases vigilantes may assault targets verbally, terrorize victims, perform inhumane acts, or may exhibit no violence at all, choosing other means of pressuring the target. Anyone who defies government and institution to further justice can be considered a vigilante, and thus violence is not a necessary criterion.

History

Vigilantism existed long before the word vigilante was introduced into the English language. In the Western literary and cultural tradition, characteristics of vigilantism have often been noted in folkloric heroes and legendary outlaws (e. g. , Robin Hood^[2]). Robin Hood is an archetypal figure in English folklore, whose story originates from medieval times but who remains significant in popular culture where Vigilantism in literature, folklore and legend is deeply connected to the fundamental issues of morality, the nature of justice, the limits of bureaucratic authority and the ethical function of legitimate governance.

During medieval times, punishment of felons was sometimes exercised by such secret societies as the courts of the Vehm (cf. Secret society is a term used to describe a variety of organizations The League of the Holy Court, Vehmgericht, or just the Vehm was a secret tribunal of Westphalia during the Middle Ages, the principal the medieval Sicilian Vendicatori), a type of early vigilante organization, which became extremely powerful in Westphalian Germany during the 15th century. The Vendicatori, or Avengers, were a Secret society of rebel - Vigilantes formed about 1186 in Sicily to avenge popular wrongs

Colonial era

Formally-defined vigilantism arose in the early North American colonies. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. In these instances, the line between "taking the law into one's own hands," and rebellion or tyrannicide (to destroy an abusive corruption of a legitimate government and vindicate moral ends) was not clear. Rebellion is a refusal of obedienceIt may therefore be seen as encompassing a range of Behaviours from Civil disobedience and mass Nonviolent resistance Tyrannicide literally means the killing of a Tyrant. Typically the term is taken to mean the killing or Assassination of tyrants for the common good Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain

• Established the mid-18th century, for instance, the Regulator movement of American colonial times was composed of citizen volunteers of the frontier who opposed official misconduct and extrajudicially punished banditry. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The War of the Regulation (or the Regulator Movement was a North Carolina uprising lasting from approximately 1764 to 1771, where mostly lower class citizens A frontier is a Political and Geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature Malfeasance in office, or official misconduct, is the commission of an Unlawful act done in an official capacity which affects the performance of official duties Extrajudicial punishment is Punishment by the state or some other official authority without the permission of a Court or legal authority This is about the television program Bandit as a general term refers to Outlaw.

19th century

Later in America, vigilante groups established themselves in poorly governed frontier areas where criminals preyed upon the citizenry with impunity. A frontier is a Political and Geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature ^[3]

• In the 1850s, the San Francisco Vigilance Movement was an example of secretive groups of vigilantes who cleaned up city streets of crime with a segment focused against immigrants. The San Francisco Vigilance Movement consists of two popular ad hoc organizations formed during the Gold Rush period in 1851 and 1856 Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term ^[4]
• In the aftermath of the Civil War and the South's defeat, vigilante secret societies, such as the Ku Klux Klan, which hid behind masks and robes, and the Knights of the White Camellia, arose, using violence and intimidation to continue an insurgent war, enforce white supremacy against freedmen, and to intimidate white Republicans and Freedmen's Bureau agents. Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are With state and Federal enforcement, both died out about 1870-1871.
• In 1868 between 60 and 70 vigilantes broke into the New Albany, Indiana jail and lynched three Reno Brothers. New Albany (nuː ˈɑlbəni is a city in Floyd County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River opposite Louisville Kentucky Lynching is an Extrajudicial punishment meted out by a mob Lynching an enumerated Felony in some states in the United States, is defined by some The Reno Brothers Gang, also known as the Renos or the Reno Gang, was a group of criminals that operated in the Midwestern United States during and just
• Active in 1883-1889, the Bald Knobbers were masked men who retaliated against invading marauders and drove out outlaws in Taney County. The Bald Knobbers was a group of non-racially motivated Vigilantes in the southern part of the state of Missouri in the United States, who were active during Taney County is a County located in the US state of Missouri.

20th century

• In the 1920s, the Big Sword Society of China protected life and property in a state of anarchy. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Anarchy (from αναρχία anarchía, "without ruler " may refer to any of the following "Absence of government a state of lawlessness
• Formed in 1977, the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society has been increasingly active against whaling and fishing vessels which they see as violating international laws, regulations and treaties, particularly where whaling is concerned. The Sea Shepherd Conservation International law is the term commonly used for referring to the system of implicit and explicit agreements that bind together nation-states in adherence to recognized values and standards It endorses an active policy of scuttling fishing and whaling vessels while in harbor, and ramming and sinking vessels engaged in the killing of whales. A tally on the side of the Sea Shepherd vessel RV Farley Mowat displays the ten whaling vessels (referred to as "Pirates" by the society) sent to the bottom by Sea Shepherds:

1979 – the whaler Sierra rammed and sunk in Portugal;

1980 – the whalers Isba I and Isba II sunk in Vigo, Spain;

1980 – the whalers Susan and Theresa sunk in South Africa;

1981 – the whaling ships Hvalur 6 and Hvalur 7 sunk in Iceland;

1992 – the whaler Nybraena sunk in Norway;

1994 – the whaler Senet sunk in Norway;

1998 – the whaler Morild sunk in Norway. The R/V Farley Mowat is the Flagship of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society 's fleet and is a long-range ice-class heavy-duty conservation

• Founded in 1979 in New York City, the Guardian Angels is a recognized crime fighting organization that now has chapters in many other cities. The City of New York The Guardian Angels is a non-profit international volunteer organization of unarmed citizen crime patrollers It has sometimes been incorrectly called a vigilante organization. Safety Patrol members are instructed to call police, are trained in basic first aid, CPR, law, conflict resolution, communication, and basic martial arts, and are prohibited from carrying weapons.
• Recognized since the 1980s, Sombra Negra or "Black Shadow" of El Salvador is a group of mostly retired police officers and military personnel whose sole duty is to cleanse the country of "impure" social elements. The Sombra Negra ( Spanish for "Black Shadow" are Vigilante groups comprised mostly of Police and Military personnel who El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Along with several other organizations, Sombra Negra are a remnant of the death squads from the civil war of the 1970s and 1980s. A death squad is an armed Squad that kills civilians terrorists or guerillas ^[5]
• In 1981, a resident of the rural town Skidmore, Missouri fatally shot town bully Ken McElroy in broad daylight after years of crimes without any punishment. Skidmore is a city in Nodaway County, Missouri, United States. Ken Rex McElroy ( June 1, 1934 – July 10, 1981 Forty five people witnessed the shooting, but everybody kept quiet when it came time to identify the shooter.
• In 1984, Bernhard Goetz entered a subway train in New York and was surrounded by a group. Bernard Hugo Goetz, known as Bernhard or Bernie (born November 7, 1947) was dubbed the "Subway Vigilante" by the New York press A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous He shot all four, fled the scene, and was called "the subway vigilante" by some media.
• Known since 1995, the Davao Death Squad of present-day Davao City, Philippines unleashed a killing spree aimed at the city's (supposed) notorious criminals and children by unknown motorcycle riding vigilantes. The summary executions of victims in Davao by the Davao Death Squads is an ongoing problem The City of Davao ( Tagalog: Lungsod ng Dabaw; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Dabaw) is the largest city on the island of The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records.
• Formed since 1996, the People Against Gangsterism and Drugs of Cape Town, South Africa fights drugs and gangsterism in their region. People Against Gangsterism and Drugs ( PAGAD) was formed in 1996 as an Islamically oriented militant group in the Cape Flats area of Cape Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the
• Formed since 1998, the Bakassi Boys of Nigeria were viewed as the frontmen in lowering the region's high crime when police were ineffective. The Bakassi Boys are a group of youths known for their anti- Crime Vigilantism, they are usually armed with machetes, Guns and charms Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal

21st century (present day)

• Formed since 2000, Ranch Rescue is a still functioning organization in the southwest United States ranchers call upon to forcibly remove illegal aliens and squatters off their property. Ranch Rescue is a volunteer organization that assists ranchers and owners of property near the United States-Mexico border in the protection of their property
• In the early decade of 2000, after the September 11 attacks, Jonathan Idema, a self-proclaimed vigilante, entered Afghanistan and captured many people he claimed to be terrorists. Jonathan Keith "Jack" Idema is an American citizen convicted in September 2004 for running a private prison in Afghanistan and torturing Afghan citizens Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion Idema claimed he was collaborating with, and supported by, the United States Government. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. He even sold news-media outlets tapes that he claimed showed an Al Qaeda training camp in action. Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The His operations ended abruptly when he was arrested with his partners in 2004 and sentenced to 10 years in a notorious Afghan prison, before being pardoned in 2007.
• Operated since 2002, perverted-justice.com opponents have accused the website of being modern day cyber vigilantes. Perverted Justice Foundation Inc. more commonly known as Perverted-Justice (also known as PeeJ) is a California -based Non-profit organization Internet vigilantism (sometimes e-vigilantism or digilantism) is the phenomenon of vigilantism occurring on the Internet or carried out by way
• In Northern Ireland, vigilantism has been observed against drug dealers and pedophiles. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The term pedophilia or paedophilia has a range of definitions as found in Psychology, law enforcement and the popular vernacular In one such case, a known pedophile had been released from prison early, kidnapped by a group of men dressed in black clothing and balaclavas, much like the Provisional IRA or UVF. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Óglaigh na hÉireann ( IRA; also referred to as the PIRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the He was stabbed twice, then, put in the back of a Ford Transit van where four Bull Mastiff dogs were waiting for him. The Ford Transit is a range of Panel vans minibuses and pickup trucks produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe. The Bullmastiff is a powerful Dog, which was originally a cross between the English Mastiff and the Old English Bulldog. He was then driven around Belfast and Derry for two hours. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. After the dogs mauled him, he was dumped in the verges of a dual carriageway. A dual carriageway or divided highway is a road or Highway in which the two directions of traffic are separated by a central barrier or strip of land known as a He survived.
• In 2007, religious vigilantes in the southern Iraqi city of Basrain warning against "violating Islamic teachings" killed at least 40 women not wearing traditional dress and head scarves. An honor killing or honour killing is generally the Murder of a family or clan member most often females when they (and maybe the wider community believe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. For other uses see Headgear. Headscarves are scarves covering most or all of the top of a woman's hair and her head ^[6]
• The Minuteman Project, a group created to deter illegal aliens and drug smugglers from entering the United States, was criticized for making citizen arrests. The Minuteman Project is an activist organization started in April 2005 by a group of private individuals in the United States to monitor the United
• The internet-based group Anonymous has brought down websites of the Church of Scientology in response to their attempts at internet censorship. The self-styled Anonymous (used as a Mass noun) is a label and Internet meme adopted within Internet culture to represent the actions of many online community The Church of Scientology is the largest organization devoted to the practice and the promotion of the Scientology belief system. Internet censorship is control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information on the Internet. They have also organized peaceful protests against the organization, calling it a exploitive business and cult, during which almost all members wear masks.

Works of fiction

In cinema

The Hollywood vigilante had its development in the 1960s^[7] and 1970s^[8]at a time when the cop or detective story was popular and replacing the Western (genre) in popularity where vigilantism often occurred. The Western is a fiction Genre seen in Film, Television, Radio, Literature, Painting and other Visual arts. There was a change in the film industry, change in self regulation in the industry, and change in American values all which opened up production to violent content without completely banning it or censoring it to viewers making way for a "vigilante cop. The film industry consists of the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking i The development of the culture of the United States of America — music, cinema, dance, architecture, literature, poetry "^[7] These cops are said to express unrelenting and uncompromising violence towards anyone who got in between both the vigilante cop and criminal that broke laws to accomplish their objectives. ^[7]

• The Vigilante (1947)
• Coffy (1973)
• Magnum Force (Dirty Harry 2) (1973)
• Walking Tall (1973 and 2004)
• Death Wish (1974) and its sequels Death Wish II (1981), Death Wish 3 (1985), Death Wish 4: The Crackdown (1987), and Death Wish V: The Face of Death (1994)
• Street Law (1974)
• Taxi Driver (1976)
• Vigilante Force (1976)
• The Exterminator (1980)
• The Star Chamber (1983)
• Vigilante (1983)
• Exterminator 2 (1984)
• The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986)
• Raising Arizona (1987)
• Above the Law (1988)
• Batman (1989), Batman Returns (1992), Batman Forever (1995), Batman & Robin (1997), *Batman Begins (2005), and The Dark Knight (2008)
• The Punisher (1989 and 2004)
• Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (1993)
• Falling Down (1993)
• The Crow (1994)
• Jimmy Hollywood (1994)
• Leon aka The Professional (1994)
• Eye for an Eye (1996)
• A Time to Kill (1996)
• The Boondock Saints (1999)
• Chopper (2000)
• Unbreakable (2000)
• Kiss of the Dragon (2001)
• Skins (2002)
• The Transporter (2002)
• Daredevil (2003)
• A Man Apart (2003)
• Dead Man's Shoes (2004)
• Man on Fire (2004)
• Suspect Zero (2004)
• The Devil's Rejects (2005)
• Four Brothers (2005)
• Hard Candy (2005)
• Munich (2005)
• Sin City (2005)
• The Transporter 2 (2005)
• Lucky Number Slevin (2006)
• V for Vendetta (2006)
• The Brave One (2007)
• Death Sentence (2007)
• Hannibal Rising (2007)
• Hot Fuzz (2007)
• Outlaw (2007)
• Shooter (2007)
• Straightheads (2007)
• TMNT (2007)

In television

• The A-Team (1983-1987)
• The Equalizer (1985-1989)
• Bubblegum Crisis (1987)
• Tales from the Crypt (TV series) "The Man Who Was Death" episode (1989-1996)
• Bubblegum Crash (1991)
• Dark Justice (1991-1993)
• Batman: The Animated Series (1992-1995)
• Swat Kats (1993-1995)
• Bubblegum Crisis 2040 (1997-1998)
• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987-1996)
• Mezzo Forte / Mezzo DSA (1998/2001)
• Vengeance Unlimited (1998-1999)
• Angel (TV series) (1999-2004)
• Dark Angel (2000-2002)
• 24 (TV series) (2001-Present)
• Birds of Prey (2002-2003)
• Death Note (2003-2006)
• The 4400 (2004-Present). The Vigilante ( 1947) was the 33rd serial released by Columbia Pictures. Coffy is a 1973 Blaxploitation film written and directed by American Filmmaker Jack Hill. For the Heltah Skeltah album see Magnum Force (album. Magnum Force was the first of the sequels to the Walking Tall is a 1973 semi-biopic of Sheriff Buford Pusser, a former Professional wrestler -turned-lawman in McNairy County Death Wish is a 1974 action - crime - Drama film based on the 1972 novel by Brian Garfield. Death Wish II (also known as Death Wish 2 in more recent years was a 1982 Sequel to the 1974 film Death Wish Death Wish 3 is a 1985 action thriller and the second sequel to the 1974 film Death Wish. Death Wish 4 The Crackdown is a 1987 action thriller and the third sequel to the 1974 film Death Wish. Death Wish V The Face of Death is a 1994 action thriller and the fifth and final sequel to the 1974 film Death Wish. Taxi Driver is a film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Paul Schrader. Vigilante Force is a 1976 action movie concerning a Vietnam War veteran (Kris Kristofferson and his buddies who are hired by his brother For the 1960 book by William S Burroughs and Brion Gysin, see The Exterminator (1960 book. The Star Chamber is a 1983 crime Drama film written by Roderick Taylor and directed by Peter Hyams. Exterminator 2 is a 1984 action film written and directed by Mark Buntzman and starring Robert Ginty and Mario Van Peebles, with a The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (also known as The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Part 2 & TCM 2) is a 1986 big-budget long-awaited Raising Arizona is a 1987 Coen Brothers Comedy film starring Nicolas Cage, Holly Hunter, William Forsythe Above the Law (also known as Nico Above The Law, or simply Nico) is a 1988 Action film directed by Batman (originally referred to as the Bat-Man and still referred to at times as the Batman) is a fictional Comic book Superhero co-created Batman Returns is a 1992 Superhero film directed by Tim Burton. See also Batman Forever (score, Batman Forever (soundtrack, Batman Forever (video game, Batman Forever The Arcade Game Batman " Batman & Robin " is a 1997 film from the Batman film series starring George Clooney as Batman, Chris O'Donnell returning Batman Begins is a 2005 American Superhero film based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman, directed by The Dark Knight is a 2008 American Superhero film directed and co-written by Christopher Nolan. Batman Mask of the Phantasm (also known as Batman The Animated Movie) is a 1993 Animated Superhero film based on the fictional Falling Down is a 1993 Film directed by Joel Schumacher about the character William "Bill" Foster (played by Michael Douglas The Crow is a Comic book series created by James O'Barr. The series was originally written by O'Barr as a means of dealing with the death Jimmy Hollywood is an American comedy film starting Joe Pesci and Christian Slater. Léon (also known as The Professional and Léon The Professional) is a French 1994 action drama Film Eye for an Eye is a film starring Sally Field, Kiefer Sutherland, Ed Harris, Beverly D'Angelo and Joe Mantegna. A Time to Kill is the title of a legal suspense thriller authored by John Grisham in 1989. The Boondock Saints is a 1999 action Crime drama film written and directed by Troy Duffy. Chopper is a 2000 Australian film written and directed by Andrew Dominik and based on the semi-autobiographical books by Mark Brandon "Chopper" Unbreakable is a 2000 film written produced and directed by M Kiss of the Dragon is a 2001 action film directed by Chris Nahon and starring Jet Li. Skins is a 2002 feature film by Chris Eyre and based upon the novel of the same name by Adrian C The Transporter (French Le Transporteur) is a Franco-American action / Crime movie directed by Louis Leterrier and Daredevil is a 2003 Superhero film written and directed by Mark Steven Johnson. A Man Apart is a 2002 action Film starring Vin Diesel and Larenz Tate and directed by F Dead Man's Shoes ( 2004) is a British thriller directed by Shane Meadows and written by Shane Meadows and Paddy Considine. Man on Fire is a 2004 American action Drama Thriller film about an ex- CIA operative/assassin who takes the job as Suspect Zero is a 2004 thriller, directed by E Elias Merhige. The Devil's Rejects is a 2005 exploitation Horror film written and directed by Rob Zombie. For the jazz standard written by Jimmy Giuffre, see Four Brothers (jazz standard Four Brothers ( 2005) is an Hard Candy is a 2006 independent Psychological thriller film focusing on a confrontation between a Sexual predator and a 14-year-old Munich is a 2005 semi-fictionalized film about the Israeli government's secret retaliation after the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli Olympic athletes Sin City is a 2005 film written produced and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez. Transporter 2 is a 2005 Action film directed by Louis Leterrier and produced by Luc Besson. Lucky Number Slevin, renamed for DVD as Lucky # Slevin (also known as The Wrong Man) is a 2006 crime Thriller V for Vendetta is a 2006 action - thriller Film directed by James McTeigue and produced by Joel Silver The Brave One is a 2007 crime-drama / Psychological thriller Film directed by Neil Jordan, produced by Joel Silver Hannibal Rising is a novel written by Thomas Harris, the fourth in a series featuring his most famous character Hannibal Lecter. Hot Fuzz is a 2007 British action Comedy film written by Simon Pegg and Edgar Wright and starring Simon Outlaw is a 2007 film by director Nick Love, starring Sean Bean, Danny Dyer, Bob Hoskins, Lennie James, Shooter is a 2007 R rated action / Conspiracy thriller directed by Antoine Fuqua based on the novel Point of Impact Straightheads is a 2007 British thriller Film which follows couple who are seeking revenge against a group of men who brutally The A-Team is an American action Adventure Television series about a fictional group of ex- United States Army Special Forces The Equalizer is an American action-adventure television series initially broadcast on the CBS Network between 1985 and 1989 is a Cyberpunk -style anime set in a future post-disaster Tokyo, called "Megatokyo" Tales from the Crypt is a horror anthology American TV series that ran from 1989 to 1996 on the Premium Cable channel is a three-part Original video animation sequel Bubblegum Crisis. For the novel by Jack Higgins, see Dark Justice (novel. Dark Justice was an American television series about Batman The Animated Series (often shortened Batman TAS or BTAS) is an American, two time Emmy Award winning SWAT Kats The Radical Squadron is a Hanna-Barbera American animated series created by Christian Tremblay and Yvon Tremblay is a television retelling of the 1987 Bubblegum Crisis Original video animation. is a 1998 Original video animation directed by Yasuomi Umetsu. Mezzo DSA is a 13-episode Anime series created by Yasuomi Umetsu. Vengeance Unlimited is a TV series broadcast during 1998-1999 on ABC which lasted for just one season of sixteen episodes Angel is an American Television series, a Spin-off of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Dark Angel is an American Biopunk / Cyberpunk Science fiction Television program created by James Cameron 24 is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American action Drama Television series. Birds of Prey is a Television drama series produced in 2002 The series was developed by Laeta Kalogridis for The WB and is loosely based on is a Manga series created by writer Tsugumi Ohba and illustrator Takeshi Obata. The 4400 (read "the forty-four hundred" is a Science fiction Television program produced by CBS Paramount Network Television in association Season 1, Episode 2. Improved Carl Morrissey cleans the Bradley Park in order to bring it back to its old state.
• Supernatural (TV series) (2005-Present)
• Jericho (2006-2008)
• Dexter (2006-Present)

In literature

• The Virginian by Owen Wister (1902) is the first American western novel based on the theme of "frontier justice. Supernatural is an American horror television series regarding the Paranormal. Jericho is an American Serial drama Dexter is an American Television drama series based on the novel Darkly Dreaming Dexter by Jeff Lindsay and adapted for television This page is about the novel for other uses (including film adaptations see The Virginian (disambiguation. Owen Wister (July 14 1860 – July 21 1938 was an American writer of Western fiction. "
• Blue Belle (1988) by Andrew Vachss
• Without Remorse by Tom Clancy is explicitly about an ex-US Navy SEAL wiping out a gang of drug dealers. Andrew Henry Vachss (born 1942) is an American Crime fiction Author, child protection consultant and Attorney exclusively representing Without Remorse is a thriller Novel published in 1993 by Tom Clancy and is a part of the " Ryanverse " series Thomas Leo Clancy Jr (born April 12 1947) is an American author best known for his technically detailed espionage and Military science storylines
• Darkly Dreaming Dexter (2004), Dearly Devoted Dexter (2005), and Dexter in the Dark (2007) by Jeff Lindsay, with adapted TV series Dexter (2006), are all about fictional character Dexter Morgan who by day is a blood splatter expert for the Miami-Dade Police Department and by night hunts down and kills those who he feels "deserve to die. Darkly Dreaming Dexter is a 2004 novel by Jeff Lindsay. It has formed the basis of the Showtime television series Dexter. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Dearly Devoted Dexter is a 2005 novel written by Jeff Lindsay. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dexter in the Dark is a 2007 novel written by Jeff Lindsay. This is the third book in the Dexter series preceded by the 2004 novel Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Jeff Lindsay is the pen name of American Playwright and Crime Novelist Jeffry P Dexter is an American Television drama series based on the novel Darkly Dreaming Dexter by Jeff Lindsay and adapted for television Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA is one of several specialties in the field of Forensic science. The Miami-Dade Police Department (MDPD (formerly known as the Metro-Dade Police Department (1981–1997 Dade County Public Safety Department (1957-1981 and the Dade County Sheriff's "
• A Stout Cord and a Good Drop by James Gaitis (Globe Pequot 2006) is a lengthy literary work of historical fiction based on a rigorous analysis of the facts associated with the Montana Vigilantes, the infamous Montana hanging spree of 1863-64, and the foundation of the Montana Territory in the midst of the American Civil War.

In comic books

Vigilantism in the comic book arena has its basic concepts in several fictional genres, including stories published in dime novels and comic books. This article is about US novels For the British versions see Story papers and Penny Dreadfuls. A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative Many of the heroes of pulp fiction and comic book superheroes are vigilantes because they operate outside the law in order to combat lawlessness. Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative A superhero (sometimes rendered super-hero or super hero) is a Fictional character "of unprecedented physical prowess dedicated to acts of derring-do In fact, virtually any superhero can be considered a vigilante if he or she is not acting under the direct authority of a law enforcement agency or other government body.

A key example is Watchmen, a DC Comics limited series of the late 1980s written by Alan Moore, in which superheroes are portrayed by society and government as illegal vigilantes. Watchmen is a twelve-issue Comic book Limited series written by Alan Moore, and illustrated by Dave Gibbons and John Higgins DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company A limited series is a term originated by Marvel Comics referring to a Comic book series with a set number of issues Alan Moore (born November 18 1953 in Northampton) is an English Writer most famous for his influential work in Comics, including the acclaimed Also of note is the DC comic book character of the 1940s and revived in the 1980s, the Vigilante. Vigilante is the name used by several fictional characters appearing in DC Comics.

• Batman
• Daredevil
• Doc Savage
• Mack Bolan
• The Punisher
• The Shadow
• Spider-Man
• Superman
• V for Vendetta

In video games

• Renegade (1986)
• Double Dragon (1987)
• Vigilante (1988)
• River City Ransom (1989)
• Final Fight (1989)
• Streets of Rage (1991)
• Final Fight 2 (1993)
• Final Fight 3 (1995)
• Interstate '76 (1997)
• Max Payne (2001)
• Dead to Rights (2002) and it's sequel Dead to Rights II (2005)
• The Punisher (2005)
• Condemned: Criminal Origins (2005)
• Assassin's Creed (2007)

In the Grand Theft Auto series, the player has the oppurtunity to steal a police vehicle and play as a vigilante. Batman (originally referred to as the Bat-Man and still referred to at times as the Batman) is a fictional Comic book Superhero co-created Daredevil is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Doc Savage is a Fictional character, one of the Pulp heroes of the 1930s and 1940s Mack Bolan, alias The Executioner, is a Fictional character who has been serialized in over six hundred Novels When asked his The Punisher ( Frank Castle) is a fictional Antihero that appears in the Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Spider-Man is a Fictional character appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Superman is a fictional Comic book Superhero widely considered to be one of the most recognized of such characters and an American Cultural icon V for Vendetta is a ten-issue Comic book Renegade is a video game released in American and European arcades in 1986 by Taito. is an arcade game developed and published by Irem in Japan in 1988 and was published and released in the U River City Ransom, released as in Japan and as Street Gangs in the PAL region, is a Video game for the Family Computer is a 1989 beat-'em-up Arcade game released by Capcom. The game was directed by Akira Nishitani and Akira Yasuda and originally produced for the Streets of Rage (known as Bare Knuckle in Japan is a Side-scrolling Beat 'em up released by Sega in 1991 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis Final Fight 2 is a 1993 beat 'em up for the Super NES and the second game in Capcom 's Final Fight series Final Fight 3, known in Japan as, is the third game in the Final Fight series Interstate '76 is a Windows Vehicular combat Video game. It was developed and published by Activision and released in March Max Payne is a Third-person shooter Video game developed by the Finnish company Remedy Entertainment, produced by 3D Realms Dead to Rights is a Third-person shooter Video game published by Namco for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, PC Dead to Rights II is a Third-person shooter Video game, developed by Widescreen Games and first published by Namco in April 12 The Punisher is a 2005 Action game which stars the Marvel Comics Vigilante, The Punisher. Condemned Criminal Origins is a Video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Sega for PC and the Xbox 360. Assassin's Creed is a Video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft.

See also

• Anti-hero
• Assassination
• Bounty Hunter
• Guerilla warfare
• Internet vigilantism
• Jurisdiction - Modern centralized state jurisdiction, and the associated right to 'legal' punitive coercion, gradually evolved out of the decentralized, polycentric jurisdictional system of medieval feudal warrior-princes. AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. A bounty hunter captures Fugitives for a monetary reward ( bounty) Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc Internet vigilantism (sometimes e-vigilantism or digilantism) is the phenomenon of vigilantism occurring on the Internet or carried out by way In Law, jurisdiction (from the Latin ius iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak" is the practical Authority Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed
• Lynching
• Monopoly on force
• Outlaw
• Pixelante
• Rebellion
• social bandit
• Sovereignty
• Terrorism
• Tyrannicide
• Vendetta - Now-illegal form of non-governmental interpersonal violence practiced by feudal chieftains and currently by organized crime gangs

References

External links

• Lyrics to Vigilante Man by Woody Guthrie. Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Guthrie (July 14 1912–October 3 1967 was an American Singer-songwriter and Folk musician Guthrie's musical legacy
• Historical Deadwood Newspaper accounts of George Keating and O. B. Davis hung by vigilantes for stealing horses 1878
• Comfort Ero, “Vigilantes, Civil Defence Forces and Militia Groups: The other side of the privatization of security in Africa,” Conflict Trends (June 2000): 25-29.
• Martha K. Huggins, editor, Vigilantism and the State in Modern Latin America: Essays on Extralegal Violence, Praeger/Greenwood, 1991.
• Bill Ong Hing, “Vigilante Racism: The De-Americanization of Immigrant America”, Donkeyphant, Vol. 9 (Summer 2002).
• Tom O’Connor, “Vigilantism, Vigilante Justice, and Victim Self-help”
• Stephen Faris, “Nigeria’s Vigilante Justice,” Mother Jones (April 25, 2002)
• EyeWitness to History, “Vigilante Justice, 1851”.
• Steven F. Messner, Eric P. Baumer, and Richard Rosenfeld, “Distrust of Government, the Vigilante Tradition, and Support for Capital Punishment,” Law & Society Review (September 2006)
• Vincent Moss, “The Paedo Vigilante”, Sunday Mirror (June 25 2006)

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