The Việt Minh pronunciation (abbreviated from Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội, English "League for the Independence of Vietnam") was a national liberation movement formed by Hồ Chí Minh in 1941 to seek independence for Vietnam from France as well as to oppose the Japanese occupation. For the city named after him see Ho Chi Minh City. Hồ Chí Minh (name Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory passes to a hostile army.
Contents |
World War II
During World War II, Japan occupied French Indochina. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit As well as fighting the Vichy French, the Việt Minh started a campaign against the Japanese. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 In the Military sciences a military campaign is a term applied to large scale, long duration significant Military strategy plan incorporating Due to their opposition to the Japanese, the Việt Minh received funding from the Americans and the Chinese, though the Chinese Nationalists would imprison Hồ Chí Minh for more than a year during the fight against the Japanese military dictatorship because Ho was a follower of the communist ideology. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For the city named after him see Ho Chi Minh City. Hồ Chí Minh (name A military dictatorship is a Form of government wherein the political power resides with the Military; it is similar but not identical to a Stratocracy, Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based When Japan surrendered in August 1945, the Japanese handed over control of some public buildings in Hanoi to the Việt Minh, now led by Hồ Chí Minh, also known as Uncle Ho, after turning in the Vietnamese nationalist leaders of the Việt Minh to the French colonialists. Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam After other nationalist organizations proclaimed the independence of Việt Nam, Hồ proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on September 2, 1945. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
First Indochina War
However, within days the Chinese Kuomintang (Nationalist) Army arrived in Vietnam to supervise the repatriation of the Japanese Imperial Army. The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War, the The Anti-French War, the Franco-Vietnamese War, the Franco-Vietminh War, The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku The Democratic Republic of Vietnam therefore existed only in theory and effectively controlled no territory. A few months later, the Chinese, Vietnamese and French came to a three way understanding. The French gave up certain rights in China, the Việt Minh agreed to the return of the French in exchange for promises of independence within the French Union and the Chinese agreed to leave. The French Union (Union française was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system the " French Empire Negotiations between the French and Việt Minh broke down quickly. What followed was nearly ten years of war against France. This was known as the First Indochina War or, to the Vietnamese, the French War. The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War, the The Anti-French War, the Franco-Vietnamese War, the Franco-Vietminh War,
French General Jean-Etienne Valluy quickly pushed the Việt Minh out of Hanoi. Jean Etienne Valluy ( May 15, 1899 - January 4, 1970) was a French General (see also Http//fr Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam His French infantry with armored units went through Hanoi, fighting small battles against isolated Việt Minh groups. The French encircled the Việt Minh base, Việt Bắc in 1947, but failed to defeat the Việt Minh forces, and had to retreat soon after that. Việt Bắc ("Northern Vietnam" is a region of Vietnam north of Hanoi that served as the Viet Minh 's base of support during the First Indochina The campaign is now widely considered as a Việt Minh victory over the well-equipped force of the French.
The Việt Minh continued fighting against the French until 1949, when the border of China and Viet Nam was linked together as the result of the campaign called Chiến dịch Biên giới (Borderland Campaign). The newly Communist People's Republic of China gave the Việt Minh both sheltered bases and heavy weapons with which to fight the French. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES With the additional weapons, the Việt Minh were able to take control over many rural areas of the country. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time Soon after that, they began to advance towards the French occupied areas.
North Vietnam
Following their defeat at the Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, the French began negotiations to leave Vietnam. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Bataille de Diên Biên Phu Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ was the climactic battle of the First Indochina War between French Union As a result of peace accords worked out at the Geneva Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, Vietnam was divided into North Vietnam and South Vietnam at the 17th Parallel as a temporary measure until unifying elections would take place in 1956. The Geneva Conference ( May 8 – July 21, 1954) was a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore Peace in Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia An election is a Decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office Transfer of civil administration of North Vietnam to the Việt Minh was given on October 11, 1954. The term administration, as used in the context of Government, differs according to Jurisdiction. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Hồ Chí Minh was appointed Prime Minister of North Vietnam, which would be run as a socialist state. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. The term socialist state (or socialist republic, or workers' state) can carry one of several different (but related meanings In strictly speaking any Ngô Đình Diệm, who was previously appointed Prime Minister of South Vietnam by Emperor Bảo Đại, eventually assumed control of South Vietnam. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of Bảo Đại ( Hán tự: vi-nom [[wikt保 保]][[wikt大 大]] Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy 22 October 1913 &ndash 30 July 1997 In the words of U. S. President Eisenhower:
It was generally conceded that had an election been held, Hồ Chí Minh would have been elected Premier. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Unhappily, the situation was exacerbated by the almost total lack of leadership displayed by the Vietnamese Chief of State, Bảo Đại, who, while nominally the head of that nation, chose to spend the bulk of his time in the spas of Europe rather than in his own land leading his armies against those of Communism. [1]
South Vietnam and its chief supporter, the United States, were not signatories to the 1954 agreement but did agree to respect its conditions. However, later South Vietnam, with the backing of the United States, refused to hold unifying elections, claiming that Hồ Chí Minh could not be trusted due to his affiliation with Communism. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based
Note
The Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội is not to be confused with the Việt Nam Cách Mạng Ðồng Minh Hội (League for the Vietnamese Revolution, abbreviated as Việt Cách) which was founded by Nguyễn Hai Than and Hồ Ngoc Lam, and which later joined the Vietnamese National Coalition in 1946. Nguyễn Hải Thần ( Hán Tự: 阮海臣 (c1878 &ndash 1959 was a very powerful political leader during the Vietnamese Revolution
See also
Notes
- ^ Eisenhower, Dwight (1963). The history of Vietnam begins around 2700 years ago Successive dynasties based in China ruled Vietnam directly for most of the period from 111 BC until 938 On August 19, 1945, the Việt Minh under Hồ Chí Minh began the August General Uprising Khởi Nghĩa which was soon renamed the August Revolution The Communist Party of Vietnam ( Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam) is the currently ruling as well as the only legal Mandate for Change, 1953-1956. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 337-38.
References
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic