A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition, initially developed by the television industry but now common in other applications as well. A camera is a device used to capture images either as still Photographs or as sequences of moving images ( Movies or Videos. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The earliest video cameras were those of John Logie Baird, based on the electromechanical Nipkow disk and used by the BBC in experimental broadcasts through the 1930s. John Logie Baird (August 13 1888 – June 14 1946 was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first working television system A Nipkow disk (sometimes Anglicized as Nipkov disk also known as scanning disk, is a mechanical geometrically operating Image scanning device invented by All-electronic designs based on the cathode ray tube, such as Vladimir Zworykin's Iconoscope and Philo T. Farnsworth's Image dissector, supplanted the Baird system by the 1940s and remained in wide use until the 1980s, when cameras based on solid-state image sensors such as CCDs (and later CMOS active pixel sensors) eliminated common problems with tube technologies such as burn-in and made digital video workflow practical. The cathode ray tube (CRT is a Vacuum tube containing an Electron gun (a source of electrons and a Fluorescent screen with internal or Vladimir Kozmich Zworykin (Владимир Козьмич Зворыкин ( July 30, 1889 - July 29, 1982) was a Russian-American The Iconoscope was the name given to an early television camera tube in which a beam of high-velocity Electrons scans a photoemissive Mosaic. Philo Taylor Farnsworth ( August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an American inventor The image dissector was an early all-electronic television camera tube invented by Philo Farnsworth. An image sensor is a device that converts an optical image to an electric signal A charge-coupled device ( CCD) is an analog Shift register, that enables the transportation of analog signals (electric charges through successive stages (capacitors Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor ( CMOS) (pronounced "see-moss" siːmɔːs ˈsiːmɒs is a major class of Integrated circuits CMOS technology An active-pixel sensor (APS, also commonly written active pixel sensor, is an Image sensor consisting of an Integrated circuit containing an array of pixel This is about use of a product early in its life cycle intended to improve user satisfaction for "burn-in" that damages display hardware see Phosphor burn-in Digital video is a type of Video recording system that works by using a Digital rather than an analog video signal

Video cameras are used primarily in two modes. The first, characteristic of much early television, is what might be called a live broadcast, where the camera feeds real time images directly to a screen for immediate observation; in addition to live television production, such usage is characteristic of security, military/tactical, and industrial operations where surreptitious or remote viewing is required. The second is to have the images recorded to a storage device for archiving or further processing; videotape is traditional for this purpose, but optical disc media, hard disk, and flash memory are all used as well. Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. A hard disk drive ( HDD) commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk, or fixed disk drive, is a Non-volatile storage device Flash memory is non-volatile computer memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed Recorded video is used not only in television and film production, but also surveillance and monitoring tasks where unattended recording of a situation is required for later analysis.

Modern video cameras have numerous designs and uses, not all of which resemble the early television cameras.

• Professional video cameras, such as those used in television and sometimes film production; these may be studio-based or mobile. A professional Video camera (often called a television camera even though the use has spread is a high-end device for recording electronic moving images (as opposed Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Such cameras generally offer extremely fine-grained manual control for the camera operator, often to the exclusion of automated operation.
• Camcorders, which combine a camera and a VCR or other recording device in one unit; these are mobile, and are widely used for television production, home movies, electronic news gathering (including citizen journalism), and similar applications. A camcorder is a portable Consumer electronics device for recording Video and audio using a built-in recorder unit PLEASE BEAR IN MIND THAT THIS IS A GENERAL ARTICLE ABOUT VCRs/VIDEOCASSETTE RECORDERS ENG is a Broadcasting (usually Television) industry acronym which stands for electronic news gathering. Citizen journalism, also known as public or participatory journalism or democratic journalism, is the act of citizens "playing an active role in the
• Closed-circuit television cameras, generally used for security, surveillance, and/or monitoring purposes. Closed-circuit television ( CCTV) is the use of Video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place limited set of monitors Such cameras are designed to be small, easily hidden, and able to operate unattended; those used in industrial or scientific settings are often meant for use in environments that are normally inaccessible or uncomfortable for humans, and are therefore hardened for such hostile environments (e. g. radiation, high heat, or toxic chemical exposure). Webcams can be considered a type of CCTV camera. Webcams ( web cameras) are small cameras (usually though not always Video cameras, whose images can be accessed using the World Wide Web, instant
• Digital cameras which convert the signal directly to a digital output; such cameras are often extremely small, even smaller than CCTV security cameras, and are often used as webcams or optimized for still-camera use. Many compact digital still cameras can record Sound and moving Video as well as still Photograph. Webcams ( web cameras) are small cameras (usually though not always Video cameras, whose images can be accessed using the World Wide Web, instant These cameras are sometimes incorporated directly into computer or communications hardware, particularly mobile phones, PDAs, and some models of laptop computer. A laptop computer, also known as a notebook computer, is a small Personal computer designed for mobile use. Larger video cameras (especially camcorders and CCTV cameras) can also be used as webcams or for other digital input, though such units may need to pass their output through an analog-to-digital converter in order to store the output or send it to a wider network. An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic integrated circuit which converts continuous signals to
• Special systems, like those used for scientific research, e. g. on board a satellite or a spaceprobe, or in artificial intelligence and robotics research. This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. A space probe is a scientific Space exploration mission in which a Robotic spacecraft leaves the Gravity well of Earth and approaches the See also Robot Robotics is the science and technology of Robots and their design manufacture and application Such cameras are often tuned for non-visible light such as infrared (for night vision and heat sensing) or X-ray (for medical and astronomical use). Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of Night vision is the ability to see in a dark environment Whether by biological or technological means night vision is made possible by a combination of two approaches sufficient X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation.

Common issues with video camera systems

Some people find video to have a grainy and less desirable look than film, and indeed a great many music videos have traditionally been shot on film rather than videotape(cyclops). A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics With the rise of digital video, however, it has become practical to emulate the "film look" using progressive scan and improved telecine techniques. Digital video is a type of Video recording system that works by using a Digital rather than an analog video signal Progressive or noninterlaced scanning is a method for displaying storing or transmitting Moving images in which all the lines of each frame are drawn in Telecine (ˈtɛləˌsɪni/ /ˌtɛləˈsɪni/ ˌtɛləˈsɪnə also /ˌtɛləˈsiːn/ — "tel-e-Sin-ee" "tel-e-Sin-a" as 'cine' is the same root as in 'cinema' Many television shows (and even theatrical movies) which would in the past have been shot on film are now done using video, and the capability to do this exists even in some high-end consumer/prosumer equipment. Prosumer is a Portmanteau formed by contracting either the word pro fessional or pro ducer with the word con' sumer'.

When imaging a separate video source (i. e. a computer monitor or television, usually one that produces a scanned image), there is often substantial visual artifacting (rolling bars on the monitor screen, for example) generated by differing timing signals between the monitor and the camera. This is generally only an issue with CRT displays and is not common on non-scanning displays such as LCD units. The cathode ray tube (CRT is a Vacuum tube containing an Electron gun (a source of electrons and a Fluorescent screen with internal or

Similar to audio equipment, video cameras are subject to optical feedback effects. Optical feedback is the optical equivalent of Acoustic feedback. This has sometimes been used to create special video effects (most notably the titles of the first seasons of Doctor Who, ultimately refined into the Tom Baker-era "time vortex" graphic). Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC. Thomas Stewart "Tom" Baker (born 20 January 1934 is an English Actor. A more common effect is sometimes referred to as an "endless hallway", that is, an infinite regression consisting of the screen showing pictures of itself; certain stroboscopic effects (shown in a montage in Douglas Hofstadter's Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid) are also possible when the camera creating the feedback is in motion relative to the screen. Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15 1945 in New York New York) is an American academic whose research focuses on consciousness thinking and creativity Gödel Escher Bach an Eternal Golden Braid (commonly GEB) is a Pulitzer Prize -winning book by Douglas Hofstadter, described

See also

• Video camera tube
• 3CCD
• Connection technologies
  • Composite video, Component video, and S-video
  • SDI and SDTI
  • FireWire
  • USB
  • DVI and HDMI
• Flip Video

In older Video cameras before the mid to late 1980s a video camera tube or pickup tube was used instead of a Charge-coupled device (CCD Three-CCD or 3CCD is a term used to describe an imaging system employed by some still cameras Video cameras Telecine and Camcorders Composite video is the format of an Analog television (picture only signal before it is combined with a sound signal and modulated onto an RF This article is about analog component video for the processing of color components in digital video see Digital video, Chroma subsampling and YCbCr Super Video or Separated Video abbreviated S-Video and also known as Y/C is an analog video signal that carries the video data as two separate Serial digital interface (SDI refers to a family of Video interfaces standardized by SMPTE. Serial Data Transport Interface is a way of transmitting data packets over a Serial Digital Interface datastream The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus Interface standard for high-speed communications and Isochronous real-time data transfer frequently The High-Definition Multimedia Interface ( HDMI) is a compact audio/video connector interface for transmitting uncompressed digital streams The Flip Video is a simple Camcorder for Digital video made by Pure Digital Technologies.

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic