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Video art is a type of art which relies on moving pictures and is comprised of video and/or audio data. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images (It should not however be confused with television or experimental cinema). Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic This article is on the variety of film For information on the They Might Be Giants song see " Experimental Film (song " Video art came into existence during the 1960s and 1970s, is still widely practiced and has given rise to the widespread use of video installations. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Video installation is a Contemporary art method that combines Video technology with Installation art.

Contents

Overview

Video art is named after the video tape, which was most commonly used in the form's early years, but before that artists had already been working on film, and with changes in technology Hard Disk, CD-ROM, DVD, and solid state are superseding the video tape as the carrier. Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. A hard disk drive ( HDD) commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk, or fixed disk drive, is a Non-volatile storage device CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is Solid-state Electronic components devices and systems are based entirely on the Semiconductor, such as Transistors Microprocessor chips and Despite obvious parallels and relationships, video art is not film.

One of the key differences between video art and theatrical cinema is that video art does not necessarily rely on many of the conventions that define theatrical cinema. Video art may not employ the use of actors, may contain no dialogue, may have no discernible narrative or plot, or adhere to any of the other conventions that generally define motion pictures as entertainment. An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works A dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog) is a reciprocal Conversation between two or more entities. A narrative or story is a construct created in a suitable format (written spoken poetry prose images song Theater, or Dance) that describes a sequence of Mythos (Aristotle In literature the plot comprises all the events in a story particularly rendered towards the achievement of some particular Artistic or Emotional This distinction is important, because it delineates video art not only from cinema but also from the subcategories where those definitions may become muddy (as in the case of avant garde cinema or short films). Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard Short subject is a format description originally coined in the North American Film industry in the early period of cinema. Perhaps the simplest, most straightforward defining distinction in this respect would then be to say that (perhaps) cinema's ultimate goal is to entertain, whereas video art's intentions are more varied, be they to simply explore the boundaries of the medium itself (e. g. , Peter Campus, Double Vision) or to rigorously attack the viewer's expectations of video as shaped by conventional cinema (e. Peter Campus, (born 1937) is one of the most important video artists who pioneered the field in the 1970s g. , Joan Jonas, Organic Honey's Vertical Roll). Born in 1936 in New York City, Joan Jonas is a pioneer of video and Performance art and one of the most important female artists to emerge in the late

History of video art

Video art is often said to have begun when Nam June Paik used his new Sony Portapak to shoot footage of Pope Paul VI's procession through New York City in the autumn of 1965. Nam June Paik ( July 20, 1932 - January 29, 2006) was a South Korean-born American artist is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with The Portapak introduced in 1967 was the first portable video recording device Pope The City of New York That same day, across town in a Greenwich Village cafe, Paik played the tapes and video art was born. Greenwich Village (ˌgrɛnɪtʃ ˈvɪlɪdʒ often simply called the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern Manhattan The french artist Fred Forest has also used a Sony Portapak since 1967. Fred Forest (born July 6 1933) is a French new media artist making use of text photography video installation the internet and other objects from This fact is sometimes disputed, however, due to the fact that the first Sony Portapak, the Videorover did not become commercially available until 1967 (Fred Forest does not contradict this, saying it was provided to him by the manufacturers [1]) and that Andy Warhol is credited with showing underground video art mere weeks before Paik's papal procession screening. is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with The Portapak introduced in 1967 was the first portable video recording device For the song by David Bowie, see Andy Warhol (song. Andrew Warhola (August 6 1928 &ndash February 22 1987 known as Andy Warhol Fred Forest does however stipulate on his websIn 1959 Wolf Vostell incorporated a television set into one of his works, "Deutscher Ausblick" 1959, which is part of the collection of the Museum Berlinische Galerie possibly the first work of art with television. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1963 Vostell exhibited his art environment "6 TV de-coll/age" at the Smolin Gallery in New York. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. See also Nature The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living and This work is part of the Museo Reina Sofia collection in Madrid. The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS is the official name of Spain 's national Museum of 20th century Art (informally shortened to Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain.

Prior to the introduction of the Sony Portapak, "moving image" technology was only available to the consumer (or the artist for that matter) by way of eight or sixteen millimeter film, but did not provide the instant playback that video tape technologies offered. Consequently, many artists found video more appealing than film, even more so when the greater accessibility was coupled with technologies which could edit or modify the video image.

The two examples mentioned above both made use of "low tech tricks" to produce seminal video art works. Peter Campus' Double Vision combined the video signals from two Sony Portapaks through an electronic mixer, resulting in a distorted and radically dissonant image. Peter Campus, (born 1937) is one of the most important video artists who pioneered the field in the 1970s Jonas' Organic Honey's Vertical Roll involved recording previously recorded material as it was played back on a television — with the vertical hold setting intentionally in error. Born in 1936 in New York City, Joan Jonas is a pioneer of video and Performance art and one of the most important female artists to emerge in the late

The first multi-channel video art (using several monitors or screens) was Wipe Cycle by Ira Schneider and Frank Gillette. Ira Schneider is a Video artist. He was born in New York NY in 1939 graduated from Brown University as Bachelor of Arts in 1960 and from the An installation of nine television screens, Wipe Cycle for the first time combined live images of gallery visitors, found footage from commercial television, and shots from pre-recorded tapes. The material was alternated from one monitor to the next in an elaborate choreography.

At the San Jose State TV studios in 1970, Willoughby Sharp began the “Videoviews” series of videotaped dialogues with artists. Willoughby Sharp (b 1936 New York City) the co-founder with writer/filmmaker Liza Bear of Avalanche magazine (1970-1976 is an internationally known artist The “Videoviews” series consists of Sharps’ dialogues with Bruce Nauman (1970), Joseph Beuys (1972), Vito Acconci (1973), Chris Burden (1973), Lowell Darling (1974), and Dennis Oppenheim (1974). Bruce Nauman (born December 6, 1941, in Fort Wayne, Indiana Joseph Beuys (ˈjoːzɛf ˈbɔʏs May 12, 1921 – January 23, Vito Hannibal Acconci (born January 24, 1940) is a Bronx, New York -born Brooklyn-based Architect, Landscape architect Chris Burden (born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1946 is an American Artist. Dennis Oppenheim is an American Conceptual artist Performance artist earth artist, sculptor and photographer who was born in Electric Also in 1970, Sharp curated “Body Works,” an exhibition of video works by Vito Acconci, Terry Fox, Richard Serra, Keith Sonnier, Dennis Oppenheim and William Wegman which was presented at Tom Marioni's Museum of Conceptual Art, San Francisco, California. Vito Hannibal Acconci (born January 24, 1940) is a Bronx, New York -born Brooklyn-based Architect, Landscape architect Terry Fox (born 1943 is an American video, conceptual, and performance artist Richard Serra (born November 29, 1939) is an American minimalist sculptor and Video artist known for working with large Keith Sonnier (born 1941, Mamou Louisiana) is a Minimalist, performance, video and light Artist. Dennis Oppenheim is an American Conceptual artist Performance artist earth artist, sculptor and photographer who was born in Electric

Prominent video artists

Many of the early prominent video artists were those involved with concurrent movements in conceptual art, performance, and experimental film. These include Americans Vito Acconci, John Baldessari, Peter Campus, Doris Totten Chase, Dan Graham, Joan Jonas, Bruce Nauman, Martha Rosler, William Wegman, and many others. Vito Hannibal Acconci (born January 24, 1940) is a Bronx, New York -born Brooklyn-based Architect, Landscape architect John Baldessari, (b June 17 1931, National City California) is a Conceptual artist. Peter Campus, (born 1937) is one of the most important video artists who pioneered the field in the 1970s Doris Totten Chase was born in 1923 in Seattle. She is known as a painter teacher and sculptor but is best known as a pioneer producing key works in the history of video Dan Graham (1942 Urbana Illinois is a conceptual artist now working out of New York City. Born in 1936 in New York City, Joan Jonas is a pioneer of video and Performance art and one of the most important female artists to emerge in the late Bruce Nauman (born December 6, 1941, in Fort Wayne, Indiana Martha Rosler is an artist She was born in Brooklyn New York, where she now lives There were also those such as Steina and Woody Vasulka who were interested in the formal qualities of video and employed video synthesizers to create abstract works. Steina Vasulka (born Steinunn Briem Bjarnadottir in 1940 and Woody Vasulka (born 1937 are pioneers of Video art, having practiced in the genre since its

Notable pioneering video artists also emerged more or less simultaneously in Europe and elsewhere with work by Pascal Auger (France), Domingo Sarrey (Spain), Wolf Vostell (Germany), Dieter Froese (Germany), Wojciech Bruszewski (Poland), Wolf Kahlen (Germany), Peter Weibel (Austria), David Hall (UK), Lisa Steele (Canada), Miroslaw Rogala (Poland), Rodney Werden (Canada), Colin Campbell (Canada) and others. Domingo Sarrey ( Santander Spain, 1948 is a visual artist and video artist and a European video art pioneer Peter Weibel (* March 5 1944 in Odessa, USSR is an artist curator and theoretician David Hall (born in 1937 is a significant British Video artist. Lisa Steele (b 1947 in Kansas City Missouri) is a Canadian artist, a pioneer in Video art, educator Curator and co-founder of V tape in Toronto Miroslaw Rogala (b 1954, in Poland is an American Video artist and Interactive artist known for performances and installations that challenge Colin Campbell (1942-2001 was a pioneer Canadian Video artist.

Video art today

Although it continues to be produced, it is represented by two varieties: single-channel and installation. Single-channel works are much closer to the conventional idea of television: a video is screened, projected or shown as a single image, Installation works involve either an environment, several distinct pieces of video presented separately, or any combination of video with traditional media such as sculpture. Installation video is the most common form of video art today. Sometimes it is combined with other media and is often subsumed by the greater whole of an installation or performance. Installation art uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way a particular space is experienced This article is about Performance art For other uses see Performance (disambiguation Contemporary contributions are being produced at the crossroads of other disciplines such as installation, architecture, design, sculpture, electronic art, VJ (video performance artist) and digital art or other documentative aspects of artistic practice. Installation art uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way a particular space is experienced The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Design is used both as a Noun and a Verb. The term is often tied to the various Applied arts and Engineering (See design disciplines Electronic art is a form of art that makes use of Electronic media or more broadly refers to Technology and/or Electronic media A VJ is a Performance artist who creates moving visual art (often Video) on large displays or screens often at events such as Concerts, Nightclubs Digital art most commonly refers to Art created on a Computer in Digital form

The digital video "revolution" of the 1990s has given wide access to sophisticated editing and control technology, allowing many artists to work with video and to create interactive installations based on video. Some examples of recent trends in video art include entirely digitally rendered environments created with no camera and video that responds to the movements of the viewer or other elements of the environment. The internet has also been used to allow control of video in installations from the world wide web or from remote locations.

Emerging in the 1970s, Bill Viola (USA) continues as one of the world's most celebrated video artists. Bill Viola (born America 1951 is a contemporary video artist. Matthew Barney, the creator of the Cremaster Cycle, is another well-known American video artist. Matthew Barney (born March 25, 1967 in San Francisco, California [http//www The Cremaster Cycle is a sequence of five films by Matthew Barney, entitled Cremaster 1 to Cremaster 5 which create a self-enclosed Aesthetic Other contemporary video artists of note include Americans Gary Hill, Tony Oursler, Mary Lucier, Paul Pfeiffer, Sadie Benning, Paul Chan, Eve Sussman and Miranda July; Pipilotti Rist (Switzerland); Shaun Wilson (Australia); Stan Douglas (Canada); Douglas Gordon (Scotland); Martin Arnold (Austria); Matthias Müller (Germany), Gillian Wearing (UK); Stefano Cagol (Italy); Helene Black (Cyprus); Shirin Neshat(Iran/USA)and Walid Raad (Lebanon/USA). Gary Hill (born in 1951 Santa Monica California, US) is an American artist who lives and works in Seattle Washington. 'Tony Oursler' (American born 1957 Oursler is known for video performance and installation art Mary Lucier (born 1944 in Bucyrus Ohio) is an American artist who has worked in many mediums including sculpture photography and performance For the American politician see Paul Pfeifer. For The Wonder Years character see Josh Saviano. Sadie Benning April 11 1973 is a Video maker Visual artist, and Musician. Eve Sussman, an artist and movie producer was born in England, to American parents in 1961. Miranda July (born February 15, 1974) is a Performance artist, musician writer actress and film director Elisabeth Charlotte Rist (born in June 21th 1962 in Grabs, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland) is a well-known video artist Shaun Wilson (born Melbourne, 1972 is an Australian artist film maker academic and curator working with themes of memory place and scale through painting miniatures Stan Douglas (born October 11, 1960) is an African-Canadian Installation artist from Vancouver, British Columbia. Douglas Gordon (born 1966 is a Scottish Artist. Biography Gordon was born in Glasgow and studied Art first there For the New York Times reporter and editor see Martin Arnold (journalist. Matthias Müller (born 1961 is a German experimental filmmaker and curator often working in the field of Found footage films Gillian Wearing (born 1963 is an English Artist, one of the YBAs, and a winner of the Turner Prize. Stefano Cagol ( Trento, September 11, 1969) is an Italian Contemporary artist He works with video, photography and installation Helene Black is a Cypriot Artist working with various media She has been exhibited in Museums and Contemporary art centers in Cyprus Shirin Neshat شیرین نشاط (born March 26, 1957 in Qazvin, Iran) is a contemporary visual Artist who lives Walid Raad (Ra'ad (born 1967 in Chbanieh Lebanon) is a contemporary media artist

There is also a movement against the medium in that artists are working with traditional painting techniques or sculpture to express things about television. Artist Trigo Piula created a work in 1988 "Ta Tele", oil on canvas that illustrated televisions control and influence. Mike Retter made a series of paintings about television between 2005 and 2008. This included Videodrome hands and The Audience which were exhibited in a television station in Adelaide, Australia.

Video art on the Internet

Video sharing on the internet has completely transformed the way we view video art. The foundation of Youtube.com has revolutionized the concept of displaying self expression, art and entertainment. YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees In the age of Web 2.0, The creation of online video art galleries and archives such as Videoart. Web 20 is a term describing changing trends in the use of World Wide Web technology and Web design that aims to enhance Creativity, secure net have made videoart more accessible than ever before, creating greater opportunities for emerging video artists. VideoArtWorld. tv tries to compile the entire history of Video Art and give access to pieces present in the international art market scene.

It may still be too soon to know what long-term effects the web will have on video art, nevertheless this important step in the evolution of video art may just be the life-support that this incredible art form needs.

List of video art organizations

See also

References

External links

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