Coordinates: 46°07′40″N 3°25′36″E / 46.127778, 3.426667

Commune of Vichy Town Hall
Location
Administration
Country	France
Region	Auvergne
Department	Allier
Arrondissement	Vichy
Intercommunality	Vichy Val d'Allier
Mayor	Claude Malhuret
Statistics
Elevation	249 m (avg. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Auvergne ( Occitan: Auvèrnhe / Auvèrnha) is one of the 26 administrative regions of France. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Allier ( Occitan: Alèir) is a department in south-central France named after the Allier River. The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Vichy is an arrondissement of France located in the Allier département, in the Auvergne région The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. )
Land area¹	5. 85 km²
Population² (1999)	26,528
- Density	4,534. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7/km² (1999)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	03310/ 03200
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E

Vichy (Occitan: Vichèi ) is a commune in the department of Allier in Auvergne in central France. Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Allier ( Occitan: Alèir) is a department in south-central France named after the Allier River. Auvergne ( Occitan: Auvèrnhe / Auvèrnha) is one of the 26 administrative regions of France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It is known as a spa and resort town. See also Mineral spa A spa town, or simply spa, is a town frequented mainly for health reasons to "take the waters" The inhabitants are known as Vichyssois. It was the de facto capital of Vichy France during the World War II Nazi German occupation from 1940 to 1944. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It has a population of 26,528 (1999).

Geography

Vichy lies on the banks of the Allier River. The Allier ( Occitan: Alèir) is a River in central France, left tributary to the river Loire. The source of the Allier is in the nearby Massif Central Mountain range which lies only a few miles to the south, near the region's capital Clermont-Ferrand. The Massif Central ( Occitan: Massís Central / Massís Centrau) is an elevated region in south-central France, consisting of Mountains and Clermont-Ferrand ( Auvergnat dialect of Occitan: Clarmont-Ferrand / Clarmont d'Auvèrnhe) is a city and commune of France Heavy snows in the Massif Central often make roads impassable, but Vichy is low enough at 817 feet that climate is more continental. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year Rainfall is moderate, averaging 30 inches annually.

Historical existence of volcanic activity in the Massif Central is more visually evident. Volcanic eruptions have been around for at least 150,000 years ago, but have been dormant for 112 years. Such as in the towns of Le Puy-en-Velay, volcanic activity is the direct cause of the many thermal springs that exist in Vichy. Le Puy-en-Velay ( Lo Puèi de Velai in Occitan, pronounced ˈpœj də ˈvəlaj is a commune of south-central France

History

Roman Era

In 52 B. C. , on returning from their defeat at the Battle of Gergovia by the Gallic legions of Vercingetorix, the Romans established a township at their crossing on the Flumen Elaver (Allier). The Battle of Gergovia took place in 52 BC in Gaul at Gergovia the chief town of the Arverni. Vercingetorix (werkiŋˈɡetoriks in Latin) born around 82 BC died 46 BC was chieftain of the Arverni, originating from the Arvernian city of The Allier ( Occitan: Alèir) is a River in central France, left tributary to the river Loire. These Roman settlers had acknowledged the therapeutic value of the Springs in the area and were eager to exploit them. A spring is a point where Groundwater flows out of the ground and is thus where the Aquifer surface meets the ground surface During the first two centuries AD, Vichy was very prosperous because of these thermal springs.

At the end of the 3rd century, the Roman Emperor Diocletian undertook a vast administrative reorganization and land-survey. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate At that time the place name VIPIACUS first appeared (name of an agricultural field belonging to a certain VIPIUS) which, by phonetic evolution, became VICHIACUS, then in occitan Vichier still pronounced today [vi'she] [vi'shje], and wrote VICHY in French.

Middle Ages

On September 2, 1344, Jean II ceded the noble fiefdom of Vichy to Duke Pierre I of Bourbon. John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy Peter I of Bourbon (1311 &ndash September 19 1356, Poitiers) was the second Duke of Bourbon, from 1342 to his death On December 6, 1374, the last part of Vichy was acquired by Louis II, Duke of Bourbon. Louis II of Bourbon, called the Good (1337 &ndash 1410 Montlucon) was the third Duke of Bourbon. At that point Vichy was incorporated into the House of Bourbon. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. In 1410, a Celestinian monastery was founded with twelve monks. A Celestinian Monk is a member of one of two austere Catholic religious orders Benedictine Celestines Franciscan Celestines A building located above the Celestinian Spring is still visible.

In 1527, the House of Bourbon was incorporated into the French Kingdom. By the end of the 16th century, the mineral baths had obtained a reputation for having quasi-miraculous curing powers and attracted patients from the noble and wealthy classes. Government officials, such as Fouet and Chomel, began to classify the curing properties of the mineral baths.

Vichy's Thermal Baths - path to fame

The marquise de Sévigné, was a patient in 1676 and 1677 and would popularize Vichy's Thermal Baths through the written descriptions in her letters. Marie de Rabutin-Chantal Marquise de Sévigné ( February 5, 1626 &ndash April 17, 1696) was a French aristocrat The Vichy waters were said to have cured the paralysis in her hands, thus enabling her to take up the letter-writing for which she is most famous. In 1761 and 1762, Adélaïde and Victoire of France, the daughters of Louis XV, came to Vichy for the first time and returned in 1785. Marie Adélaïde de France ( 23 March 1732 - 27 February 1800) was a French Princess. Victoire Louise Marie Thérèse de France ( May 11, 1733 - June 7, 1799) was the seventh child and fifth daughter of King Louis XV of Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Bath facilities seemed extremely uncomfortable to them because of the muddy surroundings and insufficient access. When they returned to Versailles, they asked their nephew Louis XVI to build roomier and more luxurious thermal baths, which were subsequently completed in 1787. Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre

In 1799, Laetitia Bonaparte, mother of Napoleon, came to be cured with her son Louis. Nobile Maria Letizia Bonaparte née Ramolino ( Marie-Lætitia Ramolino Madame Mère de l'Empereur) ( 24 August, 1750 Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Early life Louis was born Luigi Buonaparte in Ajaccio, Corsica. Under the Empire, Le Parque des Sources was arranged under the Emperor's orders. (Decree of Gumbinen of 1812).

Under Charles X, the great increase in patients wishing to be healed at the springs led to an expansion of the Hydrotheraputic facilities. Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy involves the use of Water for soothing pains and treating diseases Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte expanded the Janson buildings under the plan of Rose - Beauvais (work completed in 1830. Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France ( 19 December 1778 &ndash 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI of France For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display ) From 1844 to 1853, theatrical and poetry recitals were performed for the wealthy in the comfort of their own homes by Isaac Strauss. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

Vichy in Style

By the 19th century, Vichy was a station à la mode, attended by many celebrities. But the stays of Napoleon III between 1861 and 1866 were to cause the most profound transformation of the city: dykes were built along the Allier river, 13 hectares (33 acres) of landscaped gardens replaced the old marshes, and along the newly laid out boulevards and streets, chalets and pavillions were built for the Emperor and his court. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Recreational pursuits were not spared: in view of the Park, a large casino was built by the architect Badger in 1865. The emperor would be the catalyst of the development of a small rail station which multiplied the number of inhabitants and visitors by ten in fifty years.

After the Second French Empire, the Belle Époque marked the second large construction campaign in Vichy. The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870 between the Second The Belle Époque (bɛːl e'pɔk French for "Beautiful Era" was a period in European history that began during the late 19th century and lasted until In 1903 the Opera, the Hall of Springs and a large bath done in the eastern style were inaugurated. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting In 1900, the Parc des Sources was enclosed by a metal gallery which came from the World Fair of 1889. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the 700 meters (2,300 feet) long, it is decorated by a frise de chardons and was completed by the ironworker Emile Robert. Many private mansions with varied architectural styles were erected during the first half of the 20th century.

Vichy welcomed 40,000 curistes in 1900 and nearly 100,000 on just before the onset of the First World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The thermal life had its apex in the Thirties. The success in treating health ailements attributed to the Vichy Baths led la Compagnie Fermière to enlarge the Baths again by creating the Callou and Lardy Baths. The Art Nouveau-style Opera, inaugurated in 1903, accommodated all the great names of the international scenes. Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Vichy became the summertime music capital of France, but the war of 1914 would put a brutal end to this development.

Vichy France - Seat of the État Français, the Nazi collaborationist Government

Main article: Vichy France

The Opera in Vichy. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 In this building, the parliament of the French Third Republic decided to grant full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain, thereby terminating the republican regime and inaugurating Vichy France (July 10, 1940). This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951 generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain ( Maréchal Pétain) Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.

Following the armistice signed on June 22, 1940, the zone which was not occupied by the Germans took the name of the French State (État Français) (as opposed to the traditional name, République française or French Republic ) and set up its capital in Vichy on July 1, because of the town's relative proximity to Paris (4. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city 5 hours by train) and because it was the city with the second largest hotel capacity at the time. Moreover, the existence of an ultramodern telephone exchange (the current hotel had only been built in 1935) made it possible to reach the whole world by a phone call. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

On July 1, the government took possession of many hotels. 600 members of Parliament (Appointed members and Senators) would join Vichy for the meeting of the Chambers. On the 9th and 10th, in the room of the Opera, the members of Parliament voted for the end of the Third Republic. The French Third Republic (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe The republican system was abolished, and the French State, with Philippe Pétain at its helm as Head of State replaced it. Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951 generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain ( Maréchal Pétain) Only 80 of the 600 members of Parliament voiced their opposition. Starting from this date, Vichy would be, for more than four years, the capital of the French State. This government is often called the Vichy Regime. The preferred term is "Pétainist Regime" or "Regime of the French State. " The term "Vichyste," which designates partisans of this regime, should not be confused with "Vichyssois" which designates the inhabitants of the city. The latter term is sometimes used erroneously to designate Pétain's supporters.

Reine des villes d'eaux

The Fifties and Sixties would be the most ostentatious period for Vichy, complete with parading personalities, visits from crowned heads (The Glaoui, the Pasha of Marrakech, Prince Rainier of Monaco) and profits from the massive arrival of North African French clients, who holidayed in Vichy spending lavishly. Rainier III Prince of Monaco (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi 31 May 1923 &ndash 6 April 2005) styled His Serene Highness There were thirteen cinemas (which sometimes showed special previews), eight dance halls, and three theatres. It was at this period that the station would take the title of "Reine des villes d'eaux. " From June to September, so many French-Algerian tourists were arriving that it almost seemed like there was an airlift set up between Vichy-Charmeil and the aerodromes of Algeria. Mayor Pierre Coulon (1950-1967) decided to create Lake Allier (June 10, 1963) and Omnisports Park (1963-68), giving the city its current look. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Decline

The war in Algeria, following decolonisation, marked once again a brutal halt in prosperity for the city, which from then on had to deal with much less favourable conditions. The Algerian War ( French: Guerre d'Algérie; 1954-1962 also known as Algerian War of Independence, led to Algeria 's independence from The need to continue to pay the debts incurred by the considerable investments that had been made in happier times obliged the new mayor Jacques Lacarin (1967-1989), successor of Pierre Coulon, to adopt a much more careful policy of management. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)

Modern Revival

Claude Malhuret, former Minister of Human Rights, born in Strasbourg in 1950, has been mayor since 1989. Claude Malhuret is the Mayor of Vichy, France.He was born on 8 March, 1950 in Vichy Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) He and Bernard Kouchner are the cofounders of Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières. Bernard Kouchner (born November 1 1939 in Avignon) is a French Politician, diplomat, and doctor. Médecins Sans Frontières (pronounced) or Doctors Without Borders, is a secular humanitarian-aid Non-governmental organization best known ) The City and its economic partners started and concluded an important program of restoration and modernization. These projects include:

• Creation of vast pedestrian zone in the city center
• a program of modernization
• upgrading of hotels to the sector standards
• rebuilding and restoration of the thermal baths
• realization of a center for balneotherapy dedicated to wellbeing
• development of the architectural heritage
• realization of a center of congress within the old Casino
• restoration of the Opera.

Administration

Source: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/carteret/ Site essentiel sur la ville

Economy

The city has been known for its thermal cures since Roman times. Claude Malhuret is the Mayor of Vichy, France.He was born on 8 March, 1950 in Vichy Its waters are famous worldwide (coming from springs, including the Vichy Celestins and Vichy Saint-Yorre) but lozenges made from soda contained in the spring waters are also famous.

The health and beauty business, with the laboratories of the L'Oréal company, also make it possible to publicise the city's name to a worldwide audience under the Vichy brand. The L'Oréal Group is the world's largest Cosmetics and Beauty company and is headquartered in the Paris suburb of Clichy, France (This French website discusses the history of this brand. )

Unlike the neighbouring communes on the Allier, such as industrial Montluçon and administrative seat Moulins, Vichy's economy is centred on the tertiary sector and aims at the development of the health and well-being sector to mitigate the decline of medical hydrotherapy. The Allier ( Occitan: Alèir) is a River in central France, left tributary to the river Loire. Montluçon is a commune in central France. It is the largest commune in the department of Allier, although the capital is located in the Moulins is a commune in central France, capital of the Allier department. Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy involves the use of Water for soothing pains and treating diseases The local market open on Sundays, attracts purchasers from tens of kilometers around.

The closing of two important local employers, Manurhin and Sediver, threatens employment in the Vichy basin. Job creation by developing companies such as NSE (electronics) or Satel (call centre) will not compensate for the removal of jobs which will result from this, despite the Internet tour operator Karavel (promovacances. com) establishing a new call centre in May 2005, which was forecast to create 300 jobs over 3 years.

Nevertheless, the three most important employers of the city belong to the public sector; the hospital (1120 employees), the town hall (720) and the college of Presles (370).

Since 1989 Vichy has been one of the 7 sites of the European Total Quality Institute (l'Institut Européen de la Qualité Totale .)

Pôle University and Lardy Technology, born from a project of thermal waste land rehabilitation and launched during the mid-nineties, is an economic priority. This 9,000 m² campus accommodates 600 students in the downtown area, in ten areas of study including the fields of biotechnology, international trade, multi-media and languages. The CAVILAM (Centre of Live Approaches to Languages and the Media), created in Vichy in 1964, is now installed with Pôle-Lardy.

The Palace of the congresses is a venue primarily for the conferences of trade associations and learned societies. The structure is 1,800 m² large, including two plenary rooms and fifteen multi-use rooms. With 25,000 visitors yearly, the conferences must now carry the economic role once held by the hydrotherapy, which today counts only 12,000 patients each year. The hydrotherapy business will now have to reorganise itself to take a less strict therapeutic-only role, and re-orient itself for patients' stays shorter than the traditional 3 weeks.

Current Building Projects

Currently, under the authority of the local communities, much work is being done on building sites and projects, which will deeply modify Vichy in the years to come. Some believe that construction by the Hotel of the Community of Agglomeration in September 2005 on the old site of the "Commercial City" may precede the total restoration of the market hall (which would cost €5. 9 Million) which would be delivered in September 2006. Some also note the creation of a 12 000 m² mother-child centre in the hospital complex, the restoration of the spa façade (removal of the metal boarding to uncover the original style of 1862), the transformation of the spa into a multi-use center, creation of parks with fountains in place of parking lots, the demolition and the transformation of the buildings in a congested area to create an enterprise center intended to create 800 jobs (opening of the site envisioned at the end of 2007), the construction of a new aquatic stadium including 5 basins (initially envisaged to cost €14. 3 million but may end up costing €20 Million) whose delivery is envisaged with the autumn 2007, and finally motorway connection in 2011.

This French website gives key economic figures for the Vichy area.

Miscellaneous

Births

Vichy was the birthplace of:

• Valéry Larbaud (1881–1957), Writer
• Albert Londres (1884-1932), Journalist
• Claude Vorilhon, Raël (Born September 30, 1946), Religious Leader of the Raëlian Movement

Twin towns

Vichy is twinned with:

• Wilhelmshaven, Germany
• Bad Tölz, Germany
• Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Germany
• Dunfermline, Scotland
• Logroño, Spain
• Cluj-Napoca, Romania

See also

• Hydrotherapy
• List of spa towns in France
• Vichy France

References

• Translated from the French-language page, 29 June 2006. Valery Larbaud ( 29 August, 1881 Vichy – 2 February, 1957 Vichy) was a French Writer. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Albert Londres (1884 - 1932 was a French Journalist and Writer. Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends Claude Maurice Marcel Vorilhon (born September 30, 1946 in Vichy, Allier, France) is the founder and current leader of the recent Claude Maurice Marcel Vorilhon (born September 30, 1946 in Vichy, Allier, France) is the founder and current leader of the recent Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Raëlism or Raëlian Church consists of the practitioners of a UFO religion founded by a former French sports-car journalist and test driver named Claude Wilhelmshaven (vɪlhɛlmsˈhaːfən is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Bad Tölz is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and administrative center of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen. This article is about the German district Rhein-Neckar-Kreis. Dunfermline (Scottish Gaelic Dùn Phàrlain is a town and former Royal Burgh in Fife. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Logroño is a city in northern Spain, on the Ebro River. It is the capital of the Autonomous community of La Rioja, formerly known as Logroño Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. (pronunciation in Romanian: /'kluʒ na'poka/ Klausenburg Kolozsvár Napoca Castrum Clus Claudiopolis קלויזנבורג Kloiznburg until 1974 Cluj, is the third Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy involves the use of Water for soothing pains and treating diseases The following is a list of Spa towns in France. Aix-en-Provence Aix-les-Bains Allevard Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 Vichy ( Occitan: Vichèi) is a commune in the department of Allier in Auvergne in central France.

External links

• Official website (in French)