A veterinarian (North American English) or a veterinary surgeon (British English), often shortened to vet, is a physician for animals and a practitioner of veterinary medicine. North American English is a collective term used for the varieties of the English language that are spoken in North America, namely in the United States A veterinary surgeon is a Veterinarian qualified in the UK and some other English -speaking countries (See Commonwealth of Nations and Commonwealth British English or UK English ( BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Veterinary medicine the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife The word comes from the Latin veterinae meaning "draught animals. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. " The word "veterinarian" was first used in English by Thomas Browne (1605-1682). English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Sir Thomas Browne ( October 19, 1605 &ndash October 19, 1682) was an English author of varied works which disclose his wide learning
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Overview
Although veterinarians in many countries may have been awarded with doctoral degrees and receive extensive training in veterinary medical practice, there are many career fields open to those with veterinary degrees other than clinical practice. North Smithfield is a town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States, settled as a farming community in the 17th century and incorporated Those that do work in clinical settings often practice medicine in a specific field, such as companion animal or "pet" medicine (small animals such as dog, cat, and pocket pets), production medicine or "livestock" medicine including specialties in dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry, equine medicine (e. A pet is an Animal kept for companionship and enjoyment or a househeld animal as opposed to Livestock, Laboratory animals Working animals A pet is an Animal kept for companionship and enjoyment or a househeld animal as opposed to Livestock, Laboratory animals Working animals Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. g. sport, race track, show, rodeo), laboratory animal medicine, reptile medicine, or ratite medicine. Trot projection-1-jpg|right|thumb|270px|A trot showing natural suspension A race track (or 'racetrack' or 'racing track' is a purpose-built facility for Racing of animals (eg A Horse show is a judged exhibition of Horses and ponies. Many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines hold competitions worldwide Rodeo (ˈroʊdioʊ or /roʊˈdeɪoʊ/ is a sport which arose out of the working practices of cattle herding in Spain, Mexico, and later the United States A laboratory (informally lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific Research, Experiments and A ratite is any of a diverse group of large Flightless birds of Gondwanan origin most of them now extinct Veterinarians may choose to specialize in medical disciplines such as surgery, dermatology or internal medicine, after post-graduate training and certification.
Some veterinarians pursue post-graduate training and enter research careers and have contributed many advances in many human and veterinary medical fields, including pharmacology and epidemiology. Pharmacology (from Greek grc φάρμακον pharmakon, "drug" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of how Drugs Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the Health and Illness of populations and serves as the foundation and Logic of interventions made in the Research veterinarians were the first to isolate oncoviruses, Salmonella species, Brucella species, and various other pathogenic agents. An oncovirus is a Virus associated with Cancer. Oncoviruses come in two different forms viruses with a DNA Genome, such as Adenovirus Salmonella is a Genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria that causes Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever Brucella is a Genus of Gram-negative bacteria. They are small (0 A pathogen (from Greek πάθος pathos "suffering passion" and γἰγνομαι (γεν- gignomai (gen- "I give birth to" infectious Veterinarians were in the fore-front in the effort to suppress malaria and yellow fever in the United States, and a veterinarian was the first to note disease caused by West Nile Virus in New York zoo animals. Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including Yellow fever (also called yellow jack, black vomit or sometimes American Plague) is an acute viral disease Veterinarians determined the identity of the botulism disease-causing agent; produced an anticoagulant used to treat human heart disease; and developed surgical techniques for humans, such as hip-joint replacement, and limb and organ transplants. Botulism ( Latin, botulus, "sausage" is a rare but serious Paralytic illness caused by Botulin Toxin. An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is it stops Blood from clotting Heart disease is an Umbrella term for a variety for different diseases affecting the Heart. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Hip replacement, also hip Arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which the Hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant. A limb (from the Old English lim) is a jointed or Prehensile (as Octopus tentacles or new world Monkey tails Appendage of the In Biology, an organ ( Latin: organum, "instrument tool" from Greek όργανον - organon "organ instrument
Like physicians, veterinarians must make serious ethical decisions about their patients' care. For example, there is ongoing debate within the profession over the ethics of performing declawing of cats and docking or cropping tails and ears, as well as "debarking" dogs and in the housing of sows in gestation crates. Docking is the Amputation of portions of an animal's Tail or Ears While docking and bobbing are more commonly used to refer to removal of the A gestation crate, also known as a sow stall, is a 7 ft by 2 ft metal enclosure in which a female breeding pig (sow may be confined
Education and regulation
Prerequisites for admission include the undergraduate studies listed under veterinary medicine and extensive veterinary and other animal-related experience (typically about 1000 or more hours combined). Veterinary medicine the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife In the United States the average veterinary medical student has an undergraduate GPA of 3. 5 and a GRE score of approximately 1350. Graduate Record Examination or GRE is a commercially-run Standardized test that is an admissions requirement for many Graduate schools principally in the Veterinary school lasts for four years just like human medicine programs, with at least one year being dedicated to clinical rotations. After completion of the national board examination, some newly-accredited veterinarians choose to pursue residencies or internships in certain (usually more competitive) fields.
There are some inconsistencies concerning the titles awarded upon completion of veterinary studies. US graduates are awarded either a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) or the less common Veterinariae Medicinae Doctoris (VMD) degree, the latter if they are a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. In Great Britain and Ireland, a qualified veterinary surgeon holds a Bachelor's Degree (BVSc). See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and In continental Europe and other regions adhering to the Bologna regulations of university education, the graduate is awarded a Master's Degree (MVM) that allows him/her to practice clinically. The purpose of the Bologna process (or Bologna accords is to create the European higher education area by making Academic degree standards and quality assurance standards In these regions, the Doctorate (Dr. A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement med. vet. or DVM) is a postgraduate title that requires the writing of an original scientific research dissertation. This can sometimes cause confusion when comparing the North American DVM title to the European DVM.
There is some reciprocal international recognition of veterinary degrees. For example:
Veterinarians graduating from AVMA (North American accredited universities), (e. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA founded in 1863 is a not-for-profit association representing more than 76000 U g. Glasgow, Edinburgh, Royal Veterinary College, Sydney, Massey, Murdoch, Melbourne, etc. The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews The Royal (Dick School of Veterinary Studies, commonly referred to as the Dick Vet, is the Veterinary school of the University of Edinburgh, The Royal Veterinary College is a constituent college of the University of London. The University of Sydney (informally Sydney Uni or USyd) is the oldest university in Australia Massey University (Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa is New Zealand 's largest university with almost 40000 students Murdoch University is a public University based in Perth, Australia. The University of Melbourne is a Public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. ) may work in the USA after passing the NAVLE, a veterinary licensing exam taken by all American veterinarians. Graduates from these Universities are granted a BVS or BVSc degree which has been accredited in the US and Canada and is entirely equivalent to the DVM and VMD degrees.
Non-AVMA accredited university graduates must also sit a week long Clinical Proficiency Examination in order to work in the USA.
In the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth nations, a veterinary surgeon is an animal practitioner regulated by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons under the Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A veterinary surgeon is a Veterinarian qualified in the UK and some other English -speaking countries (See Commonwealth of Nations and Commonwealth The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons is the regulatory body for Veterinary surgeons in the United Kingdom. This legislation restricts the treatment of animals in the UK to qualified veterinary surgeons only, with certain specific exceptions, including physiotherapy, chiropractic, osteopathy, under the supervision of a veterinary surgeon. Chiropractic is a Health care profession that focuses on diagnosis treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the Musculoskeletal system, with special emphasis Osteopathy is an approach to Healthcare that emphasizes the role of the Musculoskeletal system in Health and Disease. Various alternative medicine therapies (such as homeopathy, acupuncture, herbal medicine) can only be performed by a veterinary surgeon. This article has been the subject of edit wars and has been placed on probation History Antiquity In China, the practice of acupuncture can perhaps be traced as far back as Herbalism is a traditional Medicinal or Folk medicine practice based on the use of Plants and Plant extracts Herbalism is also known as
Career
In the United States veterinarians in private practice earn an average salary of $66,590 per year, while those working for the US government average $78,769 per year (2004 Bureau of Labor Statistics data). Dr. Morris reported several recent data from the American Veterinary Medical Association reports median earnings of $77,500-$98,500, for all types of private, public, and corporate veterinarians. Owning your own practice can bring in a much larger income typically anywhere from $200,000 - $300,000 and up. Most veterinarians are paid based on production, rather than a straight salary, so earnings can vary based on type of practice, location of practice, and even the season of the year.
The economic outlook for newly graduated veterinarians is clouded by the high debt level carried by many graduates, as the cost of veterinary medical education rises. As in other medical fields, new veterinarians tend to concentrate in urbanized areas and economic competition is limiting post-graduate opportunities in private practice. On the other hand, veterinarians are able to set-up successful new practices in established markets by providing special services such as an emergency and critical care clinics for pets and mobile veterinary clinics or by obtaining advanced training and certification in specialty fields of medicine.
More than 3,800 veterinarians in the USA currently work at veterinary schools where they participate in research and teach vet students; teaching is another career path for a veterinarian. In Education, a teacher is one who helps Students or pupils often in a School, as well as in a Family, religious or Career is a term defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as an individual's "course or progress through life (or a distinct portion of life"
There is some concern about the decreasing number of new veterinary graduates pursuing careers in the livestock industry. Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food The majority of today's veterinary students grew up in urban or suburban areas, providing limited, if any, exposure to livestock medicine or farm animals prior to veterinary school. Livestock medicine, once based on serving many family farms such as those depicted in the James Herriot series, is getting increasingly specialized as farms are decreasing in number but increasing in individual size. James Herriot is the Pen name of James Alfred Wight OBE, also known as Alf Wight (3 October 1916 &ndash Today's livestock veterinarian is more likely to work in a one-species discipline, perhaps as a full-time on-site veterinarian for one specific farm, than to work in the charming pastoral settings so common only one generation ago. This change in livestock medicine has brought vast improvements to the health and efficiency of food production. However, without regular exposure to this growing field of veterinary practice, students are less likely to pursue this line of profession. The concern is that as the baby-boomer generation of large animal veterinarians retires, there will not be enough young veterinarians to continue its work. Baby boomer is a term used to describe a person who was born during the Post-World War II baby boom between 1946 and 1964 Veterinary schools are aware of this issue, and most now expect a pre-veterinary background which includes large animal experience. Some veterinary schools are doing more to encourage the acceptance of students planning a career in production medicine by providing an alternate admissions process (e. g. Michigan State University's "Production Medicine Scholars Program") and specific scholarships. Michigan State University ( MSU) is a co-educational public Research university in East Lansing, Michigan USA. [1]
Regulatory medicine
Some veterinarians work in a field called regulatory medicine, ensuring a nation's food safety, e. A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling preparation, and storage of Food in ways that prevent Foodborne illness. g. the USDA FSIS, or work by protecting a country from imported exotic animal diseases. The United States Department of Agriculture 's (USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service ( FSIS) is charged with ensuring that all Meat, Poultry e. g the USDA APHIS. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS is an operating unit of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA The emerging field of conservation medicine involves veterinarians even more directly with human health care, providing a multidisciplinary approach to medical research that also involves environmental scientists. Conservation medicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between Human and Animal Health, and environmental Environmental science is the study of interactions among physical chemical and biological components of the environment.
Government
Public health medicine is another option for veterinarians. Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society organisations Veterinarians in government and private laboratories provide diagnostics and testing services. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Some veterinarians serve as state epidemiologists, directors of environmental health, and directors of state or city public health departments. Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the Health and Illness of populations and serves as the foundation and Logic of interventions made in the Environmental health is the branch of Public health that is concerned with all aspects of the natural and Built environment that may affect human Health A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Veterinarians are also employed by the US Agriculture Research Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Library of Medicine, and National Institutes of Health. The Agricultural Research Service ( ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA The United States National Library of Medicine ( NLM) operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest Medical library. "NIH" redirects here For other meanings of NIH see NIH (disambiguation. The military also employs veterinarians in a number of capacities — caring for pets on military bases, caring for military working animals, controlling various arthropod-borne diseases, or as food safety inspectors. A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking Etymology The word bases is first recorded in English language from c Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " There are several U.S Senators who are veterinarians, including Wayne Allard (R) Colorado, and John Ensign (R) Nevada. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Alan Wayne Allard (born December 2, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Colorado and a member of the Republican Party. John Eric Ensign (born March 25 1958) is the junior United States Senator from Nevada, serving since January 2001
In popular culture
Perhaps the best known depictions of a veterinarian at work are in the autobiographical books by James Alfred Wight, better known to his readers as James Herriot. James Herriot is the Pen name of James Alfred Wight OBE, also known as Alf Wight (3 October 1916 &ndash Dr. Wight's books were also made into a famous BBC adaptation, All Creatures Great and Small. The most popular in mainstream media is Dr. Dolittle, which was a children's book turned into a movie in 1967 with Rex Harrison in the title role. Doctor John Dolittle is the central character of a series of children's books by Hugh Lofting. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The movie was then remade in 1998 casting Eddie Murphy as Dr. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Edward Regan "Eddie" Murphy (born April 3 1961 is an Academy Award -nominated Golden Globe - Screen Actors Guild Award -winning American Dolittle. The original Dr. Dolittle involved an island as the main setting, whereas the remake of Dr. Dolittle has a setting in a city.
The US-based cable network Animal Planet, because of its animal-based programming, features shows about veterinarians frequently. Two of its most notable shows about vets are Emergency Vets and E-Vet Interns, both set at Alameda East Veterinary Hospital in Denver, Colorado. Emergency Vets is a Reality television series that airs on the U E-Vet Interns is a Reality television series about veterinary interns working at Alameda East Veterinary Hospital in Denver Colorado Alameda East Veterinary Hospital is one of the world's leading veterinary hospitals The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States
In the hit TV-show "Grey's Anatomy", the main character (Meredith) dates a vet named Finn Dandridge for several episodes. Their first date was interrupted when Finn received a call to birth a horse. Later, Finn helps diagnose Meredith's dog, Doc, which she shares with Derek Shepherd. Sadly, the dog has to be put to sleep. Finn becomes known as "McVet" by many of the interns at the hospital, following the show's tradition of McLabeling.
Workplace
Small animal veterinarians typically work in veterinary clinics or veterinary hospitals, or both. Veterinary medicine the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife Veterinary medicine the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife Large animal veterinarians often spend more time traveling to see their patients at the primary facilities which house them (zoos, farms, etc).
External links
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