The vesicular monoamine transporter is a transport protein located within the presynaptic cell. Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which Neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in Muscles or Glands
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Isoforms
It comprises the two isoforms:
Substrates
Substrates for the transporter is mainly noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline. A protein isoform is a version of a Protein with only small differences to another isoform of the same protein VMAT1 ( Vesicular monoamine transporter 1 is a protein that transports the Monoamine neurotransmitters into Synaptic vesicles In Chromaffin cells The Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 or VMAT2 is an Integral membrane protein that acts to transport Monoamines mdashparticularly Neurotransmitters Norepinephrine ( INN) (abbreviated norepi or NE) or noradrenaline ( BAN) (abbreviated NA or NAd) is a Isoprenaline ( INN) or isoproterenol ( USAN, trade names Medihaler-Iso and Isuprel) is a Sympathomimetic beta Adrenergic However, other substrates include dopamine, 5-HT, guanethidine and MPP+. Dopamine is a Hormone and Neurotransmitter occurring in a wide variety of animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates Serotonin (ˌsɛrəˈtoʊnən ( 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a Monoamine Neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic Neurons Guanethidine is an Antihypertensive drug that reduces the release of Catecholamines, such as noradrenaline MPP+ (1- Methyl -4- Phenyl[[pyridine pyridinium]] is a positively charged molecule with Chemical formula C 12 H 12 [1]
Clinicial significance
It can be inhibited by reserpine and tetrabenazine. Reserpine is an Indole Alkaloid Antipsychotic and Antihypertensive drug that has been used for the control of high blood pressure Tetrabenazine is a drug for the symptomatical treatment of hyperkinetic Movement disorder and is marketed under the trade names Nitoman in Canada and [1]
VMAT is the main target of methamphetamine. The vesicular monoamine transporter is a Transport protein located within the presynaptic cell. By acting as a competitive antagonist, methamphetamine blocks the presynaptic cell's ability to use VMAT to package the above mentioned neurotransmitters into vesicles. A competitive antagonist is a Receptor antagonist that binds to a receptor but does not activate the receptor The result is increased neurotransimtter release that is not dependent on the phasic activity of the presynaptic cell.
References
Further reading
- Kilbourn MR (1997). "In vivo radiotracers for vesicular neurotransmitter transporters". Nucl. Med. Biol. 24 (7): 615-9. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 9352531.
- Weihe E, Eiden LE (2000). "Chemical neuroanatomy of the vesicular amine transporters". FASEB J. 14 (15): 2435-49. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 11099461.
External links
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