| Comune di Verona | |
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 Municipal coat of arms |
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| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Veneto |
| Province | Verona (VR) |
| Mayor | Flavio Tosi |
| Elevation | 59 m (194 ft) |
| Area | 206. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Verona ( Provincia di Verona) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. 63 km² (80 sq mi) |
| Population (as of April 15, 2006) | |
| - Total | 259,968 |
| - Density | 1,258/km² (3,258/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Veronesi or Scaligeri |
| Dialing code | 045 |
| Postal code | 37100 |
| Frazioni | Avesa, San Michele Extra, San Massimo all'Adige, Quinzano, Quinto di Valpantena, Poiano di Valpantena, Parona di Valpolicella, Montorio Veronese, Mizzole, Marchesino, Chievo, Cà di David e Moruri |
| Patron | Saint Zeno of Verona |
| - Day | April 12 |
| Website: www.comune.verona.it | |
| City of Verona* | |
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| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
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| State Party | Italy |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv |
| Reference | 797 |
| Region† | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2000 (24th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO. |
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Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative Zeno of Verona, Italian: Zenone da Verona (about 300 – 371 or 380 was either an early Christian Bishop of Verona or Martyr Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex As of 2008 there are a total of 878 World Heritage Sites located in 145 "State Parties" Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. Asia Minor, Cyprus, all of the Aegean Islands, the Canaries A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The Province of Verona ( Provincia di Verona) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The ancient town and the center of the modern city are in a loop of the Adige River near Lake Garda. The Adige (Adige Venetian: Àdexe; Trentin Ades; Friulian: Adis; Etsch Ladin: Adesc, or Adiç Lake Garda ( Italian Lago di Garda or Benaco) is the largest Lake in Italy. Because of this position, the areas saw regular floodings until 1956, when the Mori-Torbole tunnel was constructed, providing 500 cubic meters of discharge from the Adige river to Lake Garda when there was danger of flooding. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lake Garda ( Italian Lago di Garda or Benaco) is the largest Lake in Italy. The tunnel reduced the risk of flooding from once every seventy years to once every two centuries. Geographic history of Verona is plains and small mountain areas.
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History
Verona, or Veronia, was a city of the Euganei, who were obliged to cede it to the Cenomani (550 BC). Pre-Roman Verona The origins of Verona are disputed According to some theories it was a city of the Euganei, who were obliged to cede the city to The Euganei (fr Lat Euganei, Euganeorum; cf Gr εὐγενής (eugenēs 'well-born' is a semi-mythical proto-Italic ethnic The Cenomani ( Greek:, Strabo, Ptol;, Polyb) was an ancient tribe of the Cisalpine Gauls who occupied the tract north of the Padus Events and trends Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. With the conquest of the Valley of the Po the Veronese territory became Roman (about 300 BC). The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering Verona became a Roman colonia in 89 BC, and then a municipium in 49 BC; Verona had the franchise in 59. Year 89 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo and Year 49 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus
The city derived importance from being at the intersection of many roads. Stilicho defeated Alaric and his Visigoths here in 403. Flavius Stilicho (occasionally written as Stilico) (ca 359 &ndash August 22, 408) was a high-ranking general ( Magister militum The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East But with the taking of Verona (489 AD) the Gothic domination of Italy began; Theodoric built his palace there, and in Germanic legend the name of Verona is linked with his. Events By place Europe Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, continues his invasion of Italy with the approval of Byzantine The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s This city remained in the power of the Goths all through the Gothic War (535–552), with the exception of a single day in 541, when an Armenian officer effected an entrance. See Gothic War (376-382 for the war on the Danube The Gothic War was a war fought in Italy and the adjoining regions of Dalmatia, Sardinia Events By Place Byzantine Empire January 1 — Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius is appointed as Consul in Dissensions which arose among the Byzantine generals in regard to booty enabled the Goths to regain possession. In 552 Valerian vainly endeavoured to gain an entrance, and only the complete overthrow of the Goths brought about its surrender. Events By Place Europe Battle of Asfeld: Longobards under king Audoin defeat the Gepids.
In 569 it was taken by Alboin, King of the Lombards, in whose kingdom it was, in a sense, the second city in importance. Alboin or Alboïn (died 572 or 573 was king of the Lombards, and conqueror of Italy. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from There Alboin himself was killed by his own wife in 572. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire begins a war with Persia. The dukes of Treviso often resided there. At Verona Adalgisus, son of Desiderius, in 774 made his last desperate resistance to Charlemagne, who had destroyed the Lombard kingdom. Adalgis (died 788 was the son of Desiderius and the prince of the Langobards or Lombardia in Italy. Desiderius (also known as Daufer or Dauferius; Didier in French and Desiderio in Italian) was the last king of the Events By Place Europe Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of the Lombards, and takes title King of the Lombards Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Verona was then the ordinary residence of the kings of Italy, the government of the city becoming hereditary in the family of Count Milo, progenitor of the counts of San Bonifacio. From 880 to 951 the two Berengarii resided there. See Interstate 880 for the American Freeway Events By Place Europe Oldest known mention of the city of This article is about the year 951 For the 951 Porsche sports car (a Otto I ceded to Verona the marquisate dependent on the Duchy of Bavaria. Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12
The splendour of the city in those days, dominated by its forty-eight towers, is described in a Latin ode of which we shall speak later on. The increasing wealth of the burgher families eclipsed the power of the counts, and in 1100 Verona organised itself as a commune. The San Bonifacio could at most hold the office of podestà of the city now and then. Verona, at first undecided, was forced by Vicenza to join the Lombard League. Vicenza, a city in northern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region at the northern base of the Monte Berico The Lombard League was an alliance formed around 1167, which at its apex included most of the cities of Northern Italy (although its membership changed in This, however, gave rise to the factions of Guelphs and Ghibellines in Verona. The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy When Ezzelino IV was elected podestà, in 1226, he was able to convert the office into a permanent lordship, and in 1257 he caused the slaughter of 11,000 Paduans on the plain of Verona (Campi di Verona). Ezzelino III da Romano ( April 25, 1194 &ndash October 7, 1259) was an Italian conqueror dictator Political figure Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. Upon his death the Great Council elected as podestà Mastino della Scala, and he converted the "signoria" into a family possession, though leaving the burghers a share in the government. For information on the phantom island of the same name see Podesta (island. Mastino I della Scala, born Leonardo or Leonardino (died 17 October 1277) was an Italian Condottiero, who founded the Failing to be re-elected podestà in 1262, he effected a coup d'état, and was acclaimed capitano del popolo, with the command of the communal troops. It was not without long internal discord that he succeeded in establishing this new office, to which was attached the function of confirming the podestà. In 1272 Mastino was killed by the faction of the nobles.
The reign of his son Alberto as capitano (1277-1302) was one incessant war against the counts of San Bonifacio, who were aided by the House of Este. Of his sons, Bartolomeo, Alboino and Cangrande I, only the last shared the government (1308); he was great as warrior, prince, and patron of the arts; he protected Dante, Petrarch, and Giotto. Cangrande (christened Can Francesco) della Scala (9 March 1291 – 22 July 1329 was an Italian nobleman the most celebrated of the della Scala family Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar By war or treaty he brought under his control the cities of Padua (1328), Treviso (1308) and Vicenza. Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. Treviso (Venetian Trevizo, French Trévise, Latin Tarvisium) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. Vicenza, a city in northern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region at the northern base of the Monte Berico
Alberto was succeeded by Mastino II (1329-1351) and Alberto, sons of Alboino. Mastino continued his uncle's policy, conquering Brescia in 1332 and carrying his power beyond the Po. Brescia ( Lombard: Brèsa) is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. He purchased Parma (1335) and Lucca (1339). Parma is a City in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna near Modena famous for its Architecture and the fine countryside around it Lucca is a city in Tuscany, northern central Italy, situated on the river Serchio in a fertile plain near (but not on the Ligurian Sea After the King of France, he was the richest prince of his time. But a powerful league was formed against him in 1337 - Florence, Venice, the Visconti, the Este, and the Gonzaga. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Visconti was the family name of two important Italian noble dynasties of the Middle Ages. "Este" redirects here For the city see Este Italy. For Tolkien's fictional character see Estë. The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708. After a three years war, the Scaliger dominions were reduced to Verona and Vicenza (Mastino's daughter Regina-Beatrice della Scala married to Barnabò Visconti). Vicenza, a city in northern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region at the northern base of the Monte Berico Bernabò Visconti, also called Barnabò (1319 &ndash 19 December 1385) was an Italian soldier and statesman Lord of Milan in the 14th century Mastino's son Cangrande II (1351-1359) was a cruel, dissolute, and suspicious tyrant; not trusting his own subjects, he surrounded himself with Brandenburg mercenaries. Cangrande II della Scala ( June 8 1332 &ndash December 14 1359) was Lord of Verona from 1351 until his death He was killed by his brother Cansignorio (1359-1375), who beautified the city with palaces, provided it with aqueducts and bridges, and founded the state treasury. He also killed his other brother, Paolo Alboino. Fratricide seems to have become a family custom, for Antonio (1375-87), Cansignorio's natural brother, slew his brother Bartolomeo, thereby arousing the indignation of the people, who deserted him when Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan made war on him. Gian Galeazzo Visconti (November 1351 – September 3, 1402) son of Galeazzo II Visconti and Bianca di Savoia, was the first Duke of Milan Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Having exhausted all his resources, he fled from Verona at midnight (19 October, 1387), thus putting an end to the Scaliger domination, which, however, survived in its monuments.
The year 1387 is also the year of the famous Battle of Castagnaro, between Giovanni Ordelaffi, for Verona, and John Hawkwood, for Padua, who was the winner. The Battle of Castagnaro was fought on March 11, 1387 at Castagnaro (today's Veneto, northern Italy) between Verona Giovanni Ordelaffi (1355-1399 was a member of the noble family of Ordelaffi, the Lords of Forlì, in Italy, in the 14th and in the 15th centuries Sir John Hawkwood (1320 &ndash 1394 was an English Mercenary or condottiero in 14th century Italy. Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy.
Antonio's son Canfrancesco in vain attempted to recover Verona (1390). Canfrancesco della Scala was the son of Antonio I della Scala.
Guglielmo (1404), natural son of Cangrande II, was more fortunate; with the support of the people, he drove out the Milanese, but he died ten days after, and Verona then submitted to Venice (1405). Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the The last representatives of the Scaligeri lived at the imperial court and repeatedly attempted to recover Verona by the aid of popular risings.
From 1509 to 1517 the city was in the power of the Emperor Maximilian I.
Verona was occupied by Napoleon in 1797, but on Easter Monday the populace rose and drove out the French. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It was then that Napoleon made an end of the Venetian Republic. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica Verona became Austrian territory when Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campo Formio in October, 1797. The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on October 17, 1797 (26 Vendémiaire Year VI of the French Republic by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Ludwig The Austrians took control of the city on January 18, 1798. It was taken from Austria by the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 and became part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy, but was returned to Austria following Napoleon's defeat in 1814, when it became part of the Austrian-held Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia. In 1866, following the Six Weeks War, Verona, along with the rest of Venetia, became part of Italy.
In 1866, on the anniversary of the defeat of Königrätz, the Austrians evacuated Verona, their strongest fortress in Venetia, which thus became Italian. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Battle of Königgrätz (Schlacht von Königgrätz also known as the Battle of Sadowa, Sadová, or Hradec Králové, was the decisive Battle Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
The advent of fascism added another dark chapter to the annals of Verona. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology As throughout Italy, the Jewish population was hit by a wave of anti-semitic propaganda planned since the early thirties and ending with anti-semitic laws (1938) that shut down many businesses and deported many local citizens to Nazi and Italian concentration camps. An Austrian Fort (now a church, the Santuario della Madonna di Lourdes), was used to incarcerate and torture allied troops, Jews and anti-fascist suspects especially after 1943, when Verona became part of the Repubblica di Salò or "Social Republic". The Italian Social Republic ( Italian: Repubblica Sociale Italiana or RSI) was a Puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the
As in Austrian times, Verona became of great strategic importance to the regime. Galeazzo Ciano, Mussolini's son in law was accused of plotting against the republic during a mock trial staged by the Nazi and fascist hierarchy in Castelvecchio. Gian Galeazzo Ciano Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari ( March 18, 1903 – January 11, 1944) was Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Castelvecchio Museum (Italian Ciano was executed on the banks of the Adige with many other officers on what is today Via Columbo. This marked another turning point in the escalation of violence that would only end with the final liberation by allied troops and partisans in 1945. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
Demographics
While the population of Verona has historically been predominantly Italian, in years past, the make-up of the population has changed due to recent waves of immigration—immigrants and temporary guestworkers from around the world have made Verona their home. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term As of a 2005 census, 7. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 9% of the population (approximately 20,000 people) have been identified as non-Italian,[1] with many immigrants originating from areas such as Eastern Europe, North Africa, and South Asia. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan
260,000 currently reside here today.
Main sights
Because of the value and importance of its many historical buildings, Verona has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 For a list of landmarks in Verona, see Buildings and structures in Verona.
Roman edifices
The Roman military settlement in what is now the center of the city was to expand through the cardi and decumani that intersect at right angles. In Ancient Roman City planning, a cardo or cardus was a north-south-oriented street in cities military camps and coloniae Sometimes called In Roman city planning, a decumanus was an east-west-oriented road in a Roman city Castra (military camp or colonia. This structure has been kept to the present day and is clearly visible from the air. Further development has not reshaped the original map. Though the Roman city with its basalt-paved roads is mostly hidden from view it stands virtually intact about 6 m below the surface. Most palazzi and houses have cellars built on roman artifacts that are unfortunately rarely accessible to visitors. Piazza delle Erbe, near the Roman forum was rebuilt by Cangrande I and Cansignorio della Scala I, lords of Verona, using material (such as marble blocks and statues) from roman spas and villas. Cangrande (christened Can Francesco) della Scala (9 March 1291 – 22 July 1329 was an Italian nobleman the most celebrated of the della Scala family
Verona is famous for its Roman amphitheatre, the Arena, completed around 30 AD, which is the third largest in Italy, after Rome's Colosseum and the arena at Capua. An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances The Verona Arena ( Arena di Verona) is a Roman Amphitheatre in Verona, Italy, which is famous for the Opera performances The Colosseum or Roman Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre ( Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio Capua is a city in the Province of Caserta, Campania, Italy situated 25 km (16 mi north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of It measures 139 meters long and 110 meters wide, and could seat some 25,000 spectators in its 44 tiers of marble seats. The ludi (shows and gladiator games) performed within its walls were so famous that they attracted spectators from far beyond the city. Ludo (from Latin ludo, "I play" is a simple Board game for two to four players in which the players race their four tokens from start to Gladiators (gladiatores "swordsmen" or "one who uses a sword" from la ''gladius'' "sword" were professional fighters in Ancient Rome who fought The current two-story façade is actually the internal support for the tiers; only a fragment of the original outer perimeter wall in white and pink limestone from Valpolicella, with three stories remains. A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Valpolicella is a viticultural zone of the Province of Verona, Italy, east of Lake Garda. The interior is very impressive and is virtually intact, and has remained in use even today for public events, fairs, theatre and open-aired opera during warm summer nights. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto
There is also a variety of other Roman monuments to be found in the town, such as the Roman theatre. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one This theatre was built in the 1st century BC, but through the ages had fallen in disuse and had been built upon to provide housing. The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. In the 18th century Andrea Monga, a wealthy Veronese, bought all the houses that in time had been built over the theatre, demolished them, and saved the monument. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Not far from it is the Ponte di Pietra ("Stone Wall Bridge"), another roman landmark that has survived to this day. The Ponte di Pietra or Ponte Pietra ( Italian for "Stone Bridge" once known as the Pons Marmoreus, is a Roman Arch bridge crossing
The Arco dei Gavi (Gavi Arch), dedicated to the important Roman family of the Gavii, was built in the 1st century AD, and is famous for having the name of the builder (architect Lucius Vitruvius Cordone) engraved on it, a really rare case in the architecture of the epoque. Gavius was the Nomen of the ancient Roman gens Gavia. The Gavi Arch in Verona was built in honor of the gens The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction It originally it straddled the main Roman road into the city, now the Corso Cavour. The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news It had been demolished by the French troops in 1805 and was rebuilt in 1932. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.
Nearby is the Porta Borsari, an archway at the end of Corso Porta Borsari. This is the façade of a 3rd century gate in the original Roman city walls. The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The inscription is dated 245 AD and gives the city name as Colonia Verona Augusta. Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Philip the Arab entrusts future emperor Trajan Decius with an important command on the Corso Porta Borsari, the road passing through the gate is the original Via Sacra of the Roman city. The Via Sacra (Sacred Road is the Main street of Ancient Rome, leading from the top of the Capitoline Hill, through some of the most important Today, it is lined with several Renaissance palazzi and the ancient Church of SS. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere For other meanings (eg the word's use in place names see Palazzo (disambiguation. Apostoli (left), a few yards from Piazza delle Erbe.
Porta Leoni is the 1st century BC ruin of what was once part of the Roman city gate. A substantial portion is still standing as part of the wall of a medieval building. The street itself is an open archaeological site, and the remains of the original Roman street and gateway foundations can be seen a few feet below the present street level. As can be seen from there, the gate contains a small court guarded by towers. Here, carriages and travelers were inspected before entering or leaving the city.
Medieval architecture
The Basilica of San Zeno Maggiore [1] is considered one of the great achievements of Romanesque architecture. The Basilica di San Zeno (also known as San Zeno Maggiore) is the best known religious building of Verona, northern Italy. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which The present structure is the 3rd on this site, built from 1123-1135, over the 4th century shrine to Verona's patron saint, St. Zeno (died 380). Zeno of Verona, Italian: Zenone da Verona (about 300 – 371 or 380 was either an early Christian Bishop of Verona or Martyr The splendid façade dominates the large square, and is flanked with a beautiful 72 meter tall bell tower, which is mentioned by Dante in Canto 18 of Purgatory in the Divine Comedy. A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear The Divine Comedy The weathered Veronese stone gives a warm golden glow and the restrained lines of the pillars, columns, cornices and the gallery with its double windows give the façade an air of harmonious elegance. The huge rose window is decorated as a Wheel of Fortune. A Rose window (or Catherine window) is often used as a generic term applied to a circular Window, but is especially used for those found in churches The lintels above the portal have carvings of the months of the year. Each side of the doorway is embellished with 18 bas-relief panels of biblical scenes, and the inner bronze door has panels have 48 primitive but forceful Biblical scenes and depictions from the life of St Zeno. A bas-relief (baʁəljɛf in French; French for "low relief" derived from the Italian basso rilievo) or low relief is a Sculpture Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus The meaning of some of the scenes is now unknown, but the extraordinarily vivid, barbaric energy of the figures is a superb blend of traditional and Ottonian influences. The Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Germanic Kings (919-1024 named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin The interior of the church is divided into a Lower Church, occupying about 2/3 of the structure, and the Upper Church, occupying the remainder. The walls are covered with 12th and 14th century frescos and the ceiling of the nave is a magnificent example of a ship's keel ceiling. Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or In Romanesque and Gothic Christian Abbey, Cathedral Basilica and church Architecture, the nave is the The vaulted crypt contains the tomb of St. In terms of European architecture a crypt (from the Latin crypta and the Greek κρυπτη, kryptē) is a stone chamber or Zeno, the first Bishop of Verona, as well as the tombs of several other saints. North of the church is a pleasant cloister. The church also houses the tomb of King Pippin of Italy (777-810). Pepin (April 773 &ndash 8 July 810) was the son of Charlemagne and King of Italy (781-810 under the authority of his father
The small Romanesque Basilica of San Lorenzo is one of the finest and most important in the city. Its dates from around 1177, but is built on the site of a Paleochristian church, some fragments of which remain. Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus ( c The church is built of alternating tracks of brick and stone, and has two cylindrical towers, housing spiral staircases to the women's galleries. A brick is a block of Ceramic material used in Masonry construction laid using mortar. Inside, the atmosphere is rather severe, but is still quiet and peaceful. The striped bands of stone and brick and the graceful arches complement the setting.
With an impressive span length of 48. The Castelvecchio Bridge (Italian Ponte di Castelvecchio) or Skaliger Bridge (Italian Ponte Scaligero) is a fortified Bridge in Verona 70 m, the 1356 completed segmental arch bridge Ponte Scaligero featured at the time the world's largest bridge arch. The Castelvecchio Bridge (Italian Ponte di Castelvecchio) or Skaliger Bridge (Italian Ponte Scaligero) is a fortified Bridge in Verona
Santa Maria Antica is a huge Romanesque church was the parish church of the Scaligeri clan, and is famous for the Gothic Scaliger Tombs. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which The Scaliger Tombs (Italian Arche scaligere) is a group of five Gothic funerary monuments in Verona, Italy, celebrating the Scaliger Founded in the 7th century, the interior is very beautiful. The structure is of alternating bands of brick and stone. The square belfry has Gothic mullioned windows, and inset glass crosses in the roof admit light. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. Only large enough to hold a couple dozen people at most for mass, when the Scaligeri chose this to be their funerary chapel, the only place for their massive tombs was outside. Hovering in mid-air above the entrance to the church is the Tomb of Cangrande I. The base of the fancy sarcophagus forms the porch. A sarcophagus is a Funeral receptacle for a Corpse, most commonly carved or cut from stone Above is a Gothic canopy with a pyramid-shaped roof. The statue of the dead warlord is on top; however, the whole assembly is topped with a statue of Cangrande on horseback, in armor, sword in hand, with a manic smile and his outrageous dog-head helmet. Towering over the fence are the spire topped tombs of Mastino II and Cansignorio, with splendidly wrought Gothic pinnacles bristling like lances, and similar detailed carvings, statues, winged helmets and wrought-iron fences with the Scaligeri ladder emblems. In all of Europe, there is nothing like these spiky, flamboyant, monuments. Simpler tombs near the church wall contain other members of the Scaligeri clan, including Mastino I, Bartolomeo (d. 1304) and Giovanni (d. 1359).
The Duomo is also a notable Romanesque church. Verona Cathedral (Italian Cattedrale di Santa Maria Matricolare, or simply Duomo di Verona) is a church in Verona, northern Italy.
Sant'Anastasia is a huge and lofty church built from 1290-1481 by the Dominicans to hold the massive congregations attracted by their rousing fundamentalist sermons. Santa Anastasia is a church of the Dominican Order in Verona, northern Italy. The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is The Gothic portal has faded 15th century frescoes and carved scenes from the life of St Peter Martyr, but the façade is unfinished. Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or Saint Peter of Verona, OP also known as Saint Peter Martyr (1206 &ndash April 6, 1252) was a 13th century Dominican preacher A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear Inside is one of the most outstanding examples of Gothic architecture in northern Italy. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. However, its proportions and various elements of the design are still decidedly Romanesque. Of note are the two holy water stoups inside are upheld by comical and realistic beggars. Holy water can also refer to water that has been blessed, such as by a Priest, and is considered Holy. The Pellegrini chapel houses the famous fresco St. George and the Princess of Trebizond by Pisanello as well as the grave of Wilhelm von Bibra. Pisanello (c 1395 &ndash probably 1455 known professionally as Antonio di Puccio Pisano or Antonio di Puccio da Cereto, also erroneously called Vittore Wilhelm von Bibra (1442-1490 was a Papal Emissary Papal Emissary Wilhelm functioned as a Papal Emissary for both the archbishop of Cologne and Kaiser Friedrich
Notable people born in Verona
- Aleardo Aleardi, a delightful poet
- Girolamo Fracastoro, also known as Fracastorius, renowned scholar, physician and poet
- Giovanni Francesco Caroto, painter
- Catullus, Latin poet
- Franco Donatoni, composer
- Giovanni Giocondo, architect and scholar
- Romano Guardini, theologian
- Cesare Lombroso, criminologist
- Scipione Maffei, writer and historian
- St. Peter Martyr, Dominican preacher and Saint. Aleardo Aleardi (born Gaetano Maria) ( November 14 1812 - July 17 1878) was an Italian poet who belonged to the so-called Girolamo Fracastoro ( Fracastorius) (1478‑ August 8, 1553) was an Italian Physician, Scholar (in Mathematics Giovanni Francesco Caroto (1480 – 1555/1558 was an Italian painter of the Renaissance, active mainly in his native city of Verona. For persons with a Cognomen "Catulus" see Lutatius Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca Franco Donatoni ( 9 June 1927 – 17 August 2000) was an Italian Composer. Fra Giovanni Giocondo (c 1433 &ndash 1515 was an Italian Architect, Antiquary, Archaeologist, and Classical scholar. Romano Guardini (1885–1968 was a Catholic Priest, Author, and Academic. Cesare Lombroso, born Ezechia Marco Lombroso ( November 6, 1835 – October 19, 1909) was a Jewish Italian Francesco Scipione marchese di Maffei {{IPA|ʃ}}i'pjone mar'keze di maf'f{{IPA|ɛ}}i ( Verona, 1 June 1675 — 11 February 1755) was Saint Peter of Verona, OP also known as Saint Peter Martyr (1206 &ndash April 6, 1252) was a 13th century Dominican preacher The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is
- Ippolito Pindemonte, poet
- Ratherius, Medieval bishop and writer
- Emilio Salgari, novelist
- Antonio Salieri, composer
- Michele Sammicheli, architect
- Paolo Caliari, well know as Veronese, painter
- Mario Capecchi Nobel prize in Medicine, 2007
- Gigliola Cinquetti, Singer who brought Italy its first Eurovision Song Contest in 1964
- Bella
Verona was the birthplace of Catullus, and the town that Julius Caesar selected for his relaxing stays. For persons with a Cognomen "Catulus" see Lutatius Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca In its history many important names passed and events happened that were relevant for the European history, like Theodoric the Great, king of Ostrogoths, Alboin and Rosamunda, the Lombard Dukes, Charlemagne and Pippin of Italy, Berengar I, Dante. Theodoric the Great (454 – August 30, 526) known to the Romans as Flavius Theodoricus, was king of the Ostrogoths (471-526 ruler of The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late Alboin or Alboïn (died 572 or 573 was king of the Lombards, and conqueror of Italy. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Pepin (April 773 &ndash 8 July 810) was the son of Charlemagne and King of Italy (781-810 under the authority of his father Conclaves were held here, as were important congresses. A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor Verona was in the travel diaries of Goethe, Stendhal and Paul Valéry. ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer Henri-Marie Beyle ( January 23, 1783 &ndash March 23, 1842) better known by his Pen name Stendhal, was a 19th-century Ambroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry (French pɔl valeˈʁi October 30, 1871 – July 20, 1945) was a French Poet
Verona is the setting of the story of Romeo and Juliet, made famous by William Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written early in the William Shakespeare ( baptised Although the earliest version of the story is set in Siena, not Verona — the move was made in Luigi da Porto's Istoria novellamente ritrovata di due Nobili Amanti — a balcony falsely claiming historical connection to the fictional lovers has become a tourist attraction for lovers; the short passageway leading to the balcony is covered with slips of paper carrying their graffiti, and a bronze statue of Juliet stands under the balcony, one breast polished by those touching it for luck. Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Siena. Graffiti (singular graffito; the plural is used as a Mass noun) is the name for images or lettering scratched scrawled painted or marked in any manner on property
Two households, both alike in dignity
(In fair Verona, where we lay our scene)
There is no world without Verona walls,
But purgatory, torture, hell itself. William Shakespeare ( baptised
Hence-banished is banish'd from the world,
And world's exile is death.
Verona's Natural history museum contains one of the most valuable collections of fossils and archaeological remains of Europe. William Shakespeare ( baptised Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Castelvecchio Museum features a collection of sculptures, statues and paintings in a magnificent castle built in 1354-1356 and restored by renowned architect Carlo Scarpa from 1969-70, and 1975. Castelvecchio Museum (Italian Carlo Scarpa ( June 2, 1906 - 1978 was an Italian Designer with a profound understanding of materials landscape and the history of Venetian
The town has two soccer teams, one in the second division of the Italian championship, Chievo Verona and the other in the third division, Hellas Verona. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona (more commonly called Chievo Verona or simply Chievo) is an Italian professional football club named after Hellas Verona Football Club SpA (commonly known simply as Verona or Hellas within the city of Verona itself is an Italian professional football team based
Hellas Verona won Italian Championship in 1984/1985 joining the UEFA Champions League the following year. Hellas Verona Football Club SpA (commonly known simply as Verona or Hellas within the city of Verona itself is an Italian professional football team based See also List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners The UEFA Champions League, which evolved from the European Champion Clubs' Cup is a seasonal club
Things and people belonging to Verona are called Veronese (plural: Veronesi). Renaissance painter Paolo Veronese is often referred to as simply "Veronese". The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Paolo Veronese (1528 – April 19 1588 was an Italian painter of the Renaissance in Venice, famous for paintings such as The Wedding at Cana
Twin towns
Verona has several partnerships. Some are thematic:
Pula, Croatia, have similar Roman amphitheatre
Nîmes, France, have in common a Roman amphitheatre
Munich, Germany, shares with Verona the title of "twin portal to their country"
Salzburg, Austria, shares a common heritage of musical tradition
Bethlehem, Palestine
Raanana, Israel
Košice, Slovakia
Nagahama, Japan
Fresno, California, USA- Albany, New York, USA
Mashhad, Iran- Detmold, Germany
External links
- Tourism and free time in Verona
- The official website of Verona municipality
- The official website of Arena
- A history of Verona, published 1910, by A. Pula (Pietas Iulia Pulj Istriot Pula; Pola is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances Nîmes ( Provençal Occitan: Nimes in both classical and Mistralian norms is a city in southern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Bethlehem ( بيت لحم,, lit "House of Meat" Βηθλεέμ Bethleém בית לחם Beit Lehem, lit "House of Bread" is a Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Ra'anana (רַעֲנָנָה (lit "Fresh" is a city in the southern Sharon Plain of the Central District of Israel. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Košice (; Hungarian: Kassa; (also known by other alternative names) is a city in eastern Slovakia. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million is a city located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan on the eastern shore of Lake Biwa. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Mashhad ( literally the place of martyrdom) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Detmold (ˈdɛtmɔlt is a City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of about 74000 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. M. Allen. Edited by Edward Armstrong, with twenty illustrations and three maps, hosted by the University of North Texas Libraries Digital Collections
- UNESCO world heritage explication
References
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