Citizendia

Verna Fields
BornVerna Hellman
March 21, 1918(1918-03-21)
St. Louis, Missouri
DiedNovember 30, 1982
Encino, California
Spouse(s)Sam Fields (1946–1954)

Verna Fields (née Hellman) (21 March 1918 – 30 November 1982) was an American film editor, film and television sound editor, educator, and entertainment industry executive. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Film editing is an art of storytelling practiced by connecting two or more shots together to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an A sound editor is a creative professional responsible for selecting and assembling Sound recordings in preparation for the final Sound mixing or Mastering In the first phase of her career, from 1954 through about 1970, Fields mostly worked on smaller projects that gained little recognition. She was the sound editor for several television shows in the 1950s. She worked on independent films (including The Savage Eye (1959)), on the government-supported documentaries of the 1960s, and on some minor studio films such as Peter Bogdanovich's first film, Targets (1968). The Savage Eye is a "dramatized documentary" film that superposes a dramatic narration of the life of a divorced woman with documentary camera footage of an unspecified Targets ( 1968) is a Film written, produced and directed by Peter Bogdanovich. For several years in the late 1960s, she was a film instructor at the University of Southern California. The USC School of Cinematic Arts, until 2006 named the School of Cinema-Television (CNTV is a Film school within the University of Southern California Her one major studio film, El Cid, led to her only industry recognition in this phase of her career, which was the 1962 Golden Reel award for sound editing. El Cid is a 1961 historical Epic film made by Samuel Bronston Productions in association with The Rank Organisation Founded in 1953, Motion Picture Sound Editors ( MPSE) is an honorary society of Motion picture Sound editors.

Fields came into prominence as a film editor and industry executive during the New Hollywood era (1968–1982). New Hollywood or post- classical Hollywood, sometimes referred to as the "American New Wave" refers to the brief time between roughly the mid- 1960s ( She had established close ties with the directors Peter Bogdanovich, George Lucas, and Steven Spielberg early in their careers, and became known as their "mother cutter"; the term "cutter" is an informal variation of "film editor". Peter Bogdanovich ( Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Богдановић Latin: Petar Bogdanović (born July 30, 1939, is an American George Walton Lucas Jr (born May 14, 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer, Screenwriter Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. The critical and commercial success of the films What's up, Doc? (1972), American Graffiti (1973), and Jaws (1975) brought Fields a level of recognition that appears to be unique among film editors. What's Up Doc? is a Screwball comedy from 1972, directed by Peter Bogdanovich and starring Barbra Streisand, Ryan O'Neal American Graffiti is a period Coming of age film directed by George Lucas, and written by Lucas Gloria Katz and Willard Huyck Jaws is a 1975 thriller / horror Film directed by Steven Spielberg and based on Peter Benchley 's best-selling Jaws in particular was enormously and unexpectedly profitable, and ushered in the era of the "summer blockbuster" film. This article refers to the theatrical slang term for other uses see Blockbuster (disambiguation. [1][2] Fields' contributions to this success were widely acknowledged. She received an Academy Award and an American Cinema Editors Award for best editing for the film. The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934 Founded in 1950, American Cinema Editors ( ACE) is an honorary society of Film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements Within a year of the film's release, she had been appointed as Vice-President for Feature Production at Universal Studios. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American She was thus among the first women to enter upper-level management in the entertainment industry. Her career as an executive at Universal continued until her death in 1982 at age 64.

Contents

Early life, education, and training

Verna Hellman was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She was the daughter of Selma (née Schwartz) and Samuel Hellman, who was then working as a journalist for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the Saturday Evening Post. The St Louis Post-Dispatch is the only major city-wide Newspaper in St The Saturday Evening Post was a weekly Magazine published in the United States from August 4, 1821 to February 8, Sam Hellman subsequently moved his family to Hollywood, where he became a prolific screenwriter. [3] Verna Hellman graduated from the University of Southern California with a B. The University of Southern California (commonly referred to as USC, SC, Southern California, and incorrectly A. in journalism. She then held several positions at 20th Century Fox, including being the assistant sound editor on Fritz Lang's 1944 film The Woman in the Window. Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang ( December 5, 1890 &ndash August 2, 1976) was an Austrian German - American The Woman in the Window ( 1944) is a Film noir directed by Fritz Lang that tells the story of psychology professor Richard Wanley ( Edward In 1946, she married the film editor Sam Fields and stopped working. [4] The Fields had two sons; one of them, Richard Fields, became a film editor. In 1954, Sam Fields died of a heart attack at the age of 38. [5][6]

Career in sound editing

Following her husband's death, Fields began a career as a television sound editor working on such shows as Death Valley Days and the children's programs Sky King and Fury. Death Valley Days is a long-running American radio and Television anthology about true stories of the old American West Sky King was a 1940s and 1950s American Radio and Television adventure series featuring Arizona rancher and aircraft Fury (a/k/a Brave Stallion in early syndication runs is an American Western Television series that aired on She installed a film editing lab in her home so that she could work at night while her children were young; she told them that she was the "Queen of Saturday morning". [5]

By 1956, she was working on films as well. Her first credit as a sound editor was for Fritz Lang's While the City Sleeps. Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang ( December 5, 1890 &ndash August 2, 1976) was an Austrian German - American While the City Sleeps is a 1956 Film noir directed by Fritz Lang. She worked on the experimental documentary The Savage Eye (1959); the co-directors Ben Maddow, Sidney Meyers, and Joseph Strick and the other connections she made on this film were important to her subsequent career. The Savage Eye is a "dramatized documentary" film that superposes a dramatic narration of the life of a divorced woman with documentary camera footage of an unspecified Ben Maddow (1909&ndash1992 was a prolific Screenwriter and documentarian from the 1930s through the 70s Sidney Meyers ( March 9, 1906 – December 4, 1969) was a Film director and editor. Joseph Strick (b July 6, 1923 in Braddock Pennsylvania) is an American director, producer and screenwriter In 1962 Fields won the Motion Picture Sound Editors' Golden Reel Award for the film El Cid (directed by Anthony Mann). Founded in 1953, Motion Picture Sound Editors ( MPSE) is an honorary society of Motion picture Sound editors. El Cid is a 1961 historical Epic film made by Samuel Bronston Productions in association with The Rank Organisation Anthony Mann ( June 30, 1906 – April 29, 1967) was an American actor and film director [5]

Following El Cid, Fields was the sound editor on several lesser-known films. Peter Bogdanovich's first, low-budget film Targets (1968) was one of her last sound-editing projects,[7] and represents her mature work. Peter Bogdanovich ( Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Богдановић Latin: Petar Bogdanović (born July 30, 1939, is an American Targets ( 1968) is a Film written, produced and directed by Peter Bogdanovich. Bill Warren has described the scene in which the character Bobby starts sniping at freeway drivers from the top of a large oil storage tank: "The sound is mono, and brilliantly mixed -- the entire sequence of Bobby shooting from the tanks was shot without sound. William Bond (Bill Warren (born April 26, 1943) is an American Film critic who has been active in the Science fiction community Verna Fields, then a sound editor, added all the sound effects. The result is seamlessly realistic, from the scrape of the guns on the metal of the tanks, to the crack of the rifles, to the little gasps Bobby makes just before firing. "[8]

Film editing and teaching

Fields' career as a film editor commenced in 1960, when the director Irving Lerner recruited her to be the editor of the film Studs Lonigan; Fields and Lerner had both worked on The Savage Eye. Irving Lerner ( 7 March 1909, New York City - 25 December 1976, Los Angeles) was cinematographer director or assistant Studs Lonigan is the subject of a trilogy of novels by American author James T In 1963 she edited An Affair of the Skin, which was directed by Ben Maddow (another Savage Eye contact). An Affair of the Skin is 1963 film written and directed by Ben Maddow. Over the next five years, Fields edited several other independent films; the best known is The Legend of the Boy and the Eagle (1967), which was shown on the television program Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color. The Legend of the Boy and the Eagle is a 1967 live-action Walt Disney film The first incarnation of the Walt Disney anthology television series, commonly called The Wonderful World of Disney, premiered on ABC on October 27 She also made documentaries funded by the United States government through the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the United States Information Agency (USIA), and the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). The Office of Economic Opportunity was the agency responsible for administering most of the War on Poverty programs created as part of United States President The United States Information Agency ( USIA) which existed from 1953 to 1999 was a United States agency devoted to Public diplomacy. [5][6]

Starting in the mid-1960s, Fields taught film editing at the University of Southern California (USC). The University of Southern California (commonly referred to as USC, SC, Southern California, and incorrectly Douglas Gomery wrote of her time at USC that: "Her greatest impact came when she began to teach film editing to a generation of students at the University of Southern California. She then operated on the fringes of the film business, for a time making documentaries for the Office of Economic Opportunity. The end of that Federal Agency pushed her back into mainstream Hollywood then being overrun by her former USC students. "[9] Fields' students had included Matthew Robbins, Willard Huyck, Gloria Katz, John Milius, and George Lucas. Matthew Robbins may refer to Matthew Robbins (footballer. Matthew Robbins (screenwriter. Willard Huyck (born September 8, 1945) is an American screenwriter director and producer best known for his association with George Lucas. Gloria Katz (born ca 1945 is an American screenwriter and producer best known for her association with George Lucas. John Frederick Milius (born April 11, 1944) is an American Screenwriter, director, and producer of Motion pictures George Walton Lucas Jr (born May 14, 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer, Screenwriter [6]

Fields left no written lectures from her USC years, but a transcript exists from a 1975 seminar that she gave at the American Film Institute. The American Film Institute ( AFI) is an independent Non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 In one characteristic excerpt she said that, "There's a feeling of movement in telling a story and there is a flow. A cut that is off-rhythm will be disturbing and you will feel it, unless you want it to be like that. On Jaws, each time I wanted to cut I didn't, so that it would have an anticipatory feeling — and it worked. "[10]

In 1971 Peter Bogdanovich, with whom Fields had worked on Targets, recruited her to edit What's Up Doc? (1972); Bogdanovich had edited his previous films himself. Peter Bogdanovich ( Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Богдановић Latin: Petar Bogdanović (born July 30, 1939, is an American What's Up Doc? is a Screwball comedy from 1972, directed by Peter Bogdanovich and starring Barbra Streisand, Ryan O'Neal [11] The film was very successful, and is now considered as the second of Bogdanovich's "golden period" that commenced with The Last Picture Show (1971). The Last Picture Show is a 1971 film directed by Peter Bogdanovich, adapted from a 1966 novel by Larry McMurtry. [5] What's Up, Doc? established Fields as an editor on studio films. She subsequently edited Bogdanovich's final golden period film, Paper Moon (1973), as well as his less successful film Daisy Miller (1974). Paper Moon is an American Motion picture Comedy that was released in 1973 and was directed by Peter Bogdanovich. For the 1974 film adaptation of this novella see Daisy Miller.

George Lucas and American Graffiti

In 1967, Fields had hired George Lucas to help edit Journey to the Pacific (1968), which was a documentary film that she'd directed for the USIA. George Walton Lucas Jr (born May 14, 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer, Screenwriter American Graffiti is a period Coming of age film directed by George Lucas, and written by Lucas Gloria Katz and Willard Huyck George Walton Lucas Jr (born May 14, 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer, Screenwriter She had also hired Marcia Griffin for the job, and introduced them. Marcia Lucas (née Griffin (b 1945 is an American Film editor. Griffin and Lucas subsequently married. In 1972, George Lucas was directing American Graffiti. American Graffiti is a period Coming of age film directed by George Lucas, and written by Lucas Gloria Katz and Willard Huyck While Lucas had intended that his wife would edit the film, Universal Studios asked him to add Verna Fields to the editing team. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American Over the first ten weeks of post-production, George and Marcia Lucas, along with Fields and Walter Murch (as sound editor), pieced together the original, 165 minute version of the film. Walter Scott Murch (born July 12, 1943) is an Academy Award &ndashwinning Film editor / sound designer, the son of painter Each of more than 40 scenes in the film had a continuously playing background song that had been popular around 1962, when the film's story was set. [12] Michael Sragow has characterized the effect as "using rock 'n roll as a Greek chorus with a beat". Michael Sragow (born 26 June, 1952 in New Jersey is a film critic and columnist who has written for The Baltimore Sun, The New Times The Greek chorus ( choros) is believed to have grown out of the Greek Dithyrambs and Tragikon drama in tragic plays of the ancient [13][14]

Fields then left American Graffiti. It took another six months of editing to create a shorter, 110 minute version of the film, but upon its release in 1973 American Graffiti was extremely successful both with critics and at the box office. [12] Shortly after its release, Roger Greenspun described the film and its editing: "American Graffiti exists not so much in its individual stories as in its orchestration of many stories, its sense of time and place. Although it is full of the material of fashionable nostalgia, it never exploits nostalgia. In its feeling for movement and music and the vitality of the night—and even in its vision in white—it is oddly closer to some early Fellini than to the recent American past of, say, The Last Picture Show or Summer of '42. Federico Fellini, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( January 20 1920 &ndash October 31 1993) was an Italian Film The Last Picture Show is a 1971 film directed by Peter Bogdanovich, adapted from a 1966 novel by Larry McMurtry. Summer of '42 is a 1971 American " coming-of-age " motion picture drama based on the memoirs of screenwriter Herman Raucher "[15]

Verna Fields and Marcia Lucas were nominated for an Academy Award for Film Editing in 1974 for their work on American Graffiti; while the film won no Academy Awards, both of the Lucases, Murch, and Fields all won Academy Awards for later work. The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934 The commercial success of the film gave George Lucas the opportunity to direct his next film, Star Wars. Star Wars Episode IV A New Hope (originally released as Star Wars) is a 1977 Space opera

Steven Spielberg and Jaws

Fields edited Steven Spielberg's first major film, The Sugarland Express (1974). Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. Jaws is a 1975 thriller / horror Film directed by Steven Spielberg and based on Peter Benchley 's best-selling Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. "The Sugar Land Express" also was the nickname of the American football player Kenneth Hall. She became widely celebrated for her work as the film editor on Spielberg's next film, Jaws (1975), for which she won both the Academy Award for Film Editing and the American Cinema Editors Eddie Award in 1976. Jaws is a 1975 thriller / horror Film directed by Steven Spielberg and based on Peter Benchley 's best-selling The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934 Founded in 1950, American Cinema Editors ( ACE) is an honorary society of Film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements Leonard Maltin has characterized her editing as "sensational". Leonard Maltin (born December 18, 1950) is an American Film critic and Film Historian. [16] Gerald Peary, who interviewed Fields in 1980, wrote that, "Jaws scared the world, brought in a fortune for Universal, and made Verna Fields, who won an Academy Award, about as famous 'overnight' as an editor ever gets. Gerald Peary, an American film critic for the past three decades has been a weekly film critic and columnist for the Boston Phoenix since 1996 Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American "[5] He then quoted Fields as saying that, "Steven told me it was because I had cut the first picture that was a monumental success in which you can really see the editing. And people discovered that it was a woman who edited Jaws. "

The editing of Jaws has been intensely studied for over thirty years. [2][17][18][19][20] In film editor Susan Korda's 2005 lecture, "We'll Fix It In the Edit!?", at the Berlinale Talent Campus, she broadly explained the contribution of editing to the film: "What is fascinating in Jaws is that the shark has a personality, the shark has an intelligence, indeed sometimes I think the shark has a sense of humor, morbid as it might be. The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the world's leading Film festivals and most reputable media events held in Berlin And that was all achieved in the first two acts of the film before you see the shark. So the cutting was very essential for that. " [19] David Bordwell has used the second shark attack scene in Jaws as (literally) a textbook illustration of an editing innovation that occurred in the late 1960s. David Bordwell (born 23 July 1947 is a prominent American film theorist and author [18] The innovation, which Fields herself named the "wipe by cut", can be used when a character is filmed from a distance using a telephoto lens. The cut to a different framing of the character occurs during the interruption by a figure who passes between the camera and the character. The cut thus masks itself, and avoids drawing the viewer's attention away from the narrative of the scene.

Management for Universal Studios

Shortly after the completion of Jaws in 1975, Fields was hired by Universal Studios as an executive consultant. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American Some insight into Universal's reasons for hiring her can be gleaned from the fact that during the filming of Jaws, in addition to her editing, Fields had been "omnipresent. . . at Spielberg's beck and call by means of a walkie-talkie. Often she would shuttle back and forth on her bike between the producers in town and Spielberg at the dock for last-minute decisions". [6] The producers of Jaws were David Brown and Richard Zanuck. David Brown (born July 28, 1916) is an Academy Award -winning American movie producer Richard Darryl Zanuck (born December 13, 1934) is an Academy Award -winning American film producer Along with Brown, Zanuck, and Peter Benchley (the book's author), Fields helped promote Jaws on the "talk show circuit" in the eight months before its saturation release to 464 theaters on June 20, 1976. Peter Bradford Benchley ( May 8, 1940 -11 February 2006 was an American author best known for writing the novel Jaws and co-writing the [21] Fields had plainly earned the confidence of the producers and of the studio executives at Universal.

Throughout her career, Fields had worked independently, but in 1976, and following the unexpected success of Jaws, she accepted a position as the Feature-Production Vice-President with Universal. [9][22] She was thus among the first women to hold high executive positions with the major studios. [23] In a 1982 interview, Fields was quoted as saying, "I got a lot of credit for Jaws, rightly or wrongly. "[24][25]

Fields had come "up from the cutting room floor" and out of the customary, near-anonymity of film editors. [6][26] Regarding this change in her career path, Fields told Peary in 1980 that "All these young filmmakers are possessive. They feel I belong to them, and they feel a certain resentment - that I went to the other side. In calmer moments, of course, they know it isn't true, that I can do more for them now. "[5] Of Fields' work at Universal, Joel Schumacher was quoted in 1982 as saying: "In the record business, you have Barry Gordy and Ahmet Ertegün. Joel Schumacher (born August 29, 1939 in New York City) is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer Berry Gordy Jr (born November 28, 1929, Detroit Michigan) is an American Record producer, and the founder of the Motown Ahmet Ertegün ( July 31, 1923 &ndash December 14, 2006) was the Turkish American co-founder and executive of Atlantic They're executives who actually made records. In the movie business, as an executive who's worked with film, you have only Verna. She saves Universal a fortune. . . every day. "[24]

Final cuts

Fields held her position as a Vice-President at Universal until her death in 1982. Jaws was the last film that she edited. There had apparently been some discussion that Fields might edit Spielberg's next film, Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977),[22] but Michael Kahn edited that film, and went on to edit all but one of Spielberg's films for the next thirty years. Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 Science fiction film directed and written by Steven Spielberg. Michael Kahn (born in New York, December 8, 1935) is a widely recognized Film editor. After John Hancock, the initial director of Jaws 2, was sacked, it was suggested that Fields co-direct it with Joe Alves. Jaws 2 is a 1978 horror &ndash Thriller film directed by Jeannot Szwarc. Joe Alves (born 21 May 1936, San Leandro California) is an American film Production designer, perhaps best known for his work on the Jeannot Szwarc, however, was hired to complete the film. Jeannot Szwarc (born 21 November, 1939 in Paris) is a French Film director. [27]

Fields died of cancer in Encino, California in 1982. [4] In her honor, Universal Studios named a building at its Universal City, California lot the "Verna Fields Building"; it lies immediately across from the Alfred Hitchcock Building. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American Universal City is a community in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles County California, that encompasses the 415 acre ( Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 [28] The Motion Picture Sound Editors (MPSE) sponsor an annual Verna Fields Award for Student Sound Editing. Founded in 1953, Motion Picture Sound Editors ( MPSE) is an honorary society of Motion picture Sound editors. [29] The Women in Film Foundation, which honored Fields with its Crystal Award in 1981,[30] presently administers the Verna Fields Memorial Fellowship for women film students at UCLA. The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United [31]

Selected Filmography (Editor)

YearFilmDirectorOther notes
1975JawsSteven SpielbergBest Editing Oscar
1974Memory of UsH. Jaws is a 1975 thriller / horror Film directed by Steven Spielberg and based on Peter Benchley 's best-selling Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934 Kaye Dyal
Daisy MillerPeter Bogdanovich
The Sugarland ExpressSteven Spielberg
1973American GraffitiGeorge LucasBest Editing Oscar nomination (with Marcia Lucas)
Paper MoonPeter Bogdanovich
Sing a Country SongJack McCallum
1972What's Up, Doc?Peter Bogdanovich
1969Medium CoolHaskell WexlerPaul Golding was apparently the principal cutter. For the 1974 film adaptation of this novella see Daisy Miller. Peter Bogdanovich ( Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Богдановић Latin: Petar Bogdanović (born July 30, 1939, is an American "The Sugar Land Express" also was the nickname of the American football player Kenneth Hall. American Graffiti is a period Coming of age film directed by George Lucas, and written by Lucas Gloria Katz and Willard Huyck George Walton Lucas Jr (born May 14, 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer, Screenwriter The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934 Marcia Lucas (née Griffin (b 1945 is an American Film editor. Paper Moon is an American Motion picture Comedy that was released in 1973 and was directed by Peter Bogdanovich. What's Up Doc? is a Screwball comedy from 1972, directed by Peter Bogdanovich and starring Barbra Streisand, Ryan O'Neal Medium Cool ( 1969) is a Film directed by Haskell Wexler and starring Robert Forster, Verna Bloom, Peter Bonerz Haskell Wexler, ASC (born February 6, 1922 in Chicago Illinois) is an Academy Award -winning American Cinematographer

References

  1. ^ Shone, Tom (2004). Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer (Simon and Schuster), pp. 36-38. ISBN 0743235681.
  2. ^ a b Buckland, Warren (2006). Directed by Steven Spielberg: Poetics of the Contemporary Hollywood Blockbuster (Continuum, New York). ISBN 978-0826416926.
  3. ^ "St. Louis Writers' Guild History", webpage of the St. Louis Writers' Guild, archived by WebCite from the original on 2008-02-26.
  4. ^ a b Folkart, Burt A. (1982). "Film Executive Verna Fields Dies at 64", Los Angeles Times, December 2, 1982.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Peary, Gerald (1980). Gerald Peary, an American film critic for the past three decades has been a weekly film critic and columnist for the Boston Phoenix since 1996 "Verna Fields", The Real Paper, October 23, 1980. The Real Paper was a Boston alternative weekly newspaper that ran from August 2, 1972, to June 18, 1981, often devoting Archived by WebCite from the original on 2008-02-26.
  6. ^ a b c d e Murphy, Mary (1975). "Fields: Up From the Cutting Room Floor", Los Angeles Times July 24, 1975.
  7. ^ Irving Lerner had recommended her to Bogdanovich; see "Film Editors' Forum", Editors Guild Magazine Vol. 27, No. 3 (May-June 2006). Online version retrieved Jan. 6, 2008.
  8. ^ Warren, Bill (undated). "Review of Targets DVD", webpage of "Audio/Video Revolution", archived by WebCite from the original 2008-02-26. The DVD was released on Aug. 12, 2003.
  9. ^ a b Gomery, Douglas (2000). "Verna Fields", in Tom Pendergast and Sara Pendergast (editors), International Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers, Edition 4 (St. James Press), ISBN 978-1558624498. Online version of article retrieved December 3, 2007.
  10. ^ McBride, Joseph (1984). Joseph McBride is an American Film Columnist, Screenwriter and professor of film and Literature. "The Editor: Verna Fields", Filmmakers on Filmmaking: The American Film Institute Seminars on Motion Pictures and Television, Vol. One, pp. 139–149 (J. P. Tarcher, Los Angeles). ISBN 978-0874772678.
  11. ^ Donn Cambern is credited as the editor for The Last Picture Show. Donn Cambern (born October 29 1929) is an Academy Award nominated film editor According to Bogdanovich's commentary on the film's DVD release, this credit was nominal; Bogdanovich had edited the film himself, as he had done for Targets.
  12. ^ a b Pollock, Dale (1999). Skywalking: The Life and Films of George Lucas: Updated Edition (DaCapo Press), pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-0306809040. This book is an updated version of Pollock, Dale (1983). Skywalking: The Life and Films of George Lucas (Harmony Books). ISBN 978-0241110348.
  13. ^ Sragow, Michael (2000). "American Graffiti", review at salon.com, October 13, 2000. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Online version retrieved Jan. 29, 2008.
  14. ^ Lucas, George (1998). George Lucas refers to the sound track as acting as a Greek chorus in his interview in Laurent Bouzereau, The Making of American Graffiti (supplement to the 1998 DVD release of American Graffiti).
  15. ^ Greenspun, Roger (1973). "American Graffiti (1973)", The New York Times, August 13, 1973. Online version retrieved Jan. 25, 2008.
  16. ^ Maltin, Leonard (ed. ) (2003). Leonard Maltin's 2004 Movie and Video Guide (Penguin), p. 715.
  17. ^ King, Geoff (2002). New Hollywood Cinema: An Introduction (Columbia University Press), p. 106. ISBN 0231127588.
  18. ^ a b Bordwell, David (2002). David Bordwell (born 23 July 1947 is a prominent American film theorist and author "Intensified Continuity: Visual Style in Contemporary American Film", Film Quarterly Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 16–28. Bordwell illustrates the "wipe-by" cut using the scene in Jaws of Brody, who is fearful of a second shark attack, anxiously surveying the waters crowded with swimmers. Bordwell attributes the name "wipe by cut" to Verna Fields.
  19. ^ a b Korda, Susan (2005). "We'll Fix It in the Edit!?", lecture transcript posted at the website of the Berlinale Talent Campus. The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the world's leading Film festivals and most reputable media events held in Berlin Archived by WebCite from the original 2008-02-26.
  20. ^ Friedman, Lester D. (2006). Citizen Spielberg (University of Illinois Press), pp. 172–173. ISBN 0252073584.
  21. ^ Cook, David A. (2002). Lost Illusions: American Cinema in the Shadow of Watergate and Vietnam, 1970-1979, Vol. 9 of the History of American Cinema, Charles Harpole, general editor (University of California, ISBN 978-0520232655), p. 42.
  22. ^ a b McBride, Joseph (1999). Joseph McBride is an American Film Columnist, Screenwriter and professor of film and Literature. Steven Spielberg: A Biography (DaCapo Press), pp. 251–252. ISBN 0306809001
  23. ^ Gregory, Mollie (2003). Women Who Run the Show: How a Brilliant and Creative New Generation Stormed Hollywood (St. Martin's Press), p. 45. ISBN 0312301820.
  24. ^ a b Rosenfield, Paul (1982). "Women in Hollywood", Los Angeles Times July 13, 1982.
  25. ^ Gottlieb, Carl (1995). Carl Gottlieb (born 18 March 1938) is an American Screenwriter, actor comedian and executive "FILM EDITING: 'Jaws' Did Not Need Saving", The New York Times, Aug. 6, 1995. Online version retrieved Dec. 3, 2007.
  26. ^ Kerr, Walter (1985). Walter Francis Kerr ( July 8, 1913 &ndash October 9, 1996) was an American writer and Broadway theater critic "Films are made in the Cutting Room", The New York Times, March 17, 1985. Online version retrieved November 15, 2007.
  27. ^ Loynd, Ray (1978). The Jaws 2 Log (W. H. Allen, London), p. 74. ISBN 0-426-18868-3.
  28. ^ "Universal Lot Map", webpage maintained by Universal Studios, retrieved Feb. 2, 2008.
  29. ^ Verna Fields Award for Student Sound Editing, webpage of the Motion Picture Sound Editors, retrieved Dec. 7, 2008.
  30. ^ "Past Award Recipients", webpage of the Women in Film Foundation, retrieved Jan. 11, 2008.
  31. ^ "Women in Film - Foundation", webpage describing the Foundation's scholarship programs, including the Verna Fields Memorial Fellowship. Retrieved February 23, 2008.

External links


Persondata
NAMEFields, Verna
ALTERNATIVE NAMESHellman, Verna
SHORT DESCRIPTIONfilm editor and entertainment industry executive
DATE OF BIRTH1918-03-21
PLACE OF BIRTHSt. Louis, Missouri
DATE OF DEATH1982-11-30
PLACE OF DEATHEncino, California
The American Film Institute ( AFI) is an independent Non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 Film editing is an art of storytelling practiced by connecting two or more shots together to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic