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This article is about the part of speech. For the physical activity program, see VERB (program). VERB is a Physical activity program of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States Government.
"Verbs" redirects here. For the rapper, see Verbs (rapper). Verbs (previously known as Knowdaverbs, real name Michael Boyer II) is a Christian hip hop artist who has achieved respect in the industry

In syntax, a verb is a word (part of speech) that usually denotes an action (bring, read), an occurrence (decompose, glitter), or a state of being (exist, stand). In Linguistics, syntax (from Ancient Greek grc συν- syn-, "together" and grc τάξις táxis, "arrangement" is the A word is a unit of Language that carries meaning and consists of one or more Morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together and has a Phonetic In Grammar, a lexical category (also word class, lexical class, or in traditional grammar part of speech) is a linguistic category of words (or Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Grammatical tense is a temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at during or over which a state or action denoted by a verb occurs In Linguistics, the grammatical aspect of a Verb defines the temporal flow (or lack thereof in the described event or state Grammatical mood is one of a set of distinctive Verb forms that are used to signal modality. In Grammar, the voice (also called gender or diathesis of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state that the verb expresses and the participants identified It may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments (subject, object, etc. Grammatical person, in Linguistics, is deictic reference to a participant in an event such as the speaker the Addressee, or others In Linguistics, grammatical genders, sometimes also called Noun classes are classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words every noun must belong In linguistics grammatical number is a Grammatical category of nouns pronouns and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one" According to a tradition that can be tracked back to Aristotle, every sentence can be divided in two main constituents, one being the subject of the sentence and the An object in Grammar is a Sentence element and part of the sentence predicate. ).

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Valency

Main article: Valency (linguistics)

The number of arguments that a verb takes is called its valency or valence. In Linguistics, verb valency or valence refers to the number of arguments controlled by a verbal predicate. Verbs can be classified according to their valency:

It is impossible to have verbs with zero valency. Weather verbs are often impersonal (subjectless) in null-subject languages like Spanish, where the verb llueve means "It rains". In Linguistics, an impersonal verb is a Verb that cannot take a true subject, because it does not represent an action occurrence or state-of-being of In Linguistic typology, a null subject language is a Language whose Grammar permits an Independent clause to lack an explicit subject In English, they require a dummy pronoun, and therefore formally have a valency of 1. A dummy pronoun (formally expletive pronoun or pleonastic pronoun) is a type of Pronoun used in non- Pro-drop languages such as English

The intransitive and transitive are typical, but the impersonal and objective are somewhat different from the norm. In the objective the verb takes an object but no subject, the nonreferent subject in some uses may be marked in the verb by an incorporated dummy pronoun similar to the English weather verb (see below). Impersonal verbs take neither subject nor object, as with other null subject languages, but again the verb may show incorporated dummy pronouns despite the lack of subject and object phrases. Tlingit lacks a ditransitive, so the indirect object is described by a separate, extraposed clause.

English verbs are often flexible with regard to valency. A transitive verb can often drop its object and become intransitive; or an intransitive verb can take an object and become transitive. Compare:

In the first example, the verb move has no grammatical object. (In this case, there may be an object understood - the subject (I/myself). The verb is then possibly reflexive, rather than intransitive); in the second the subject and object are distinct. The verb has a different valency, but the form remains exactly the same.

In many languages other than English, such valency changes are not possible like this; the verb must instead be inflected for voice in order to change the valency.

Copula

Main article: Copula

A copula is a word that is used to describe its subject, or to equate or liken the subject with its predicate. In many languages, copulas are a special kind of verb, sometimes called copulative verbs or linking verbs.

Because copulas do not describe actions being performed, they are usually analyzed outside the transitive/intransitive distinction. The most basic copula in English is to be; there are others (remain, seem, grow, become, etc. ).

Some languages (the Semitic and Slavic families, Chinese, Sanskrit, and others) can omit or do not have the simple copula equivalent of "to be", especially in the present tense. The Semitic languages are a Language family whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical In these languages a noun and adjective pair (or two nouns) can constitute a complete sentence. In Grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a Noun or Pronoun, giving more information about the This construction is called zero copula. Zero copula is a linguistic phenomenon whereby the presence of the copula is implied rather than stated explicitly as a Verb or Suffix.

Verbal noun and verbal adjective

Main article: Non-finite verb

Most languages have a number of verbal nouns that describe the action of the verb. In Linguistics, a non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a Verb form that is not limited by a subject and more generally is not fully inflected by A verbal noun is a Noun formed directly as an Inflexion of a Verb or a verb stem, sharing at least in part its constructions In Indo-European languages, there are several kinds of verbal nouns, including gerunds, infinitives, and supines. In Linguistics, “gerund” is a term used to refer to various non-finite verb forms in various languages As applied to English, In Grammar, infinitive is the name for certain verb forms that exist in many languages In Grammar a supine is a form of Verbal noun used in some languages English has gerunds, such as seeing, and infinitives such as to see; they both can function as nouns; seeing is believing is roughly equivalent in meaning with to see is to believe. These terms are sometimes applied to verbal nouns of non-Indo-European languages.

In the Indo-European languages, verbal adjectives are generally called participles. In Linguistics, a participle (from Latin participium, a Calque of Greek μετοχη "partaking" is a derivative of a non-finite English has an active participle, also called a present participle; and a passive participle, also called a past participle. In Grammar, the voice (also called gender or diathesis of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state that the verb expresses and the participants identified In Grammar, the voice (also called gender or diathesis of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state that the verb expresses and the participants identified The active participle of play is playing, and the passive participle is played. The active participle describes nouns that perform the action given in the verb, e. g. I saw the playing children. . The passive participle describes nouns that have been the object of the action of the verb, e. g. I saw the played game scattered across the floor. . Other languages apply tense and aspect to participles, and possess a larger number of them with more distinct shades of meaning.

Agreement

Main article: Verb conjugation

In languages where the verb is inflected, it often agrees with its primary argument (what we tend to call the subject) in person, number and/or gender. In Linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a Verb, Noun or Adjective from its Principal parts by Inflection English only shows distinctive agreement in the third person singular, present tense form of verbs (which is marked by adding "-s"); the rest of the persons are not distinguished in the verb.

Spanish inflects verbs for tense/mood/aspect and they agree in person and number (but not gender) with the subject. Japanese, in turn, inflects verbs for many more categories, but shows absolutely no agreement with the subject. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Basque, Georgian, and some other languages, have polypersonal agreement: the verb agrees with the subject, the direct object and even the secondary object if present. Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. In Linguistics, polypersonal agreement or polypersonalism is the agreement of a Verb with more than one of its arguments (usually up

References

See also

Dictionary

verb

-noun

  1. (grammar) A word that indicates an action, an event, or a state.

-verb

  1. (transitive, considered nonstandard, colloquial) To use any word that is not a verb (especially a noun) as if it were a verb.
  2. (used as a neutral, inspecific verb, often in linguistics and the social sciences) To perform any action that is normally expressed by a verb; for example, to kiss, to be, to think, to write, to disappear, to feel, to see, etc.
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