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Venomous mammals are animals of the class Mammalia that produce venom, which they use to kill or disable prey, or to defend themselves from predators. A class is the Taxonomic rank in the Biological classification of organisms in Biology below phylum and above order. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands This article is about the class of Biotoxins For other uses see Venom (disambiguation and Venomous (disambiguation. In modern nature, venomous mammals are quite rare. Venom is much more common among other vertebrates; there are many more species of venomous/poisonous reptiles (e. Vertebrates are members of the Subphylum Vertebrata, Chordates with backbones or spinal columns The grouping sometimes includes In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers g. snakes), and fish (e. A snake is an elongate Reptile of the suborder Serpentes Like all reptiles snakes are covered in scales. g. stonefish). There are two species of stonefish Synanceja verrucosa and Syanaceja horrida also known as the the reef stone or dornorn. There are no species of venomous bird; however some birds are poisonous to eat or touch, such as the pitohui, the ifrita, and the Rufous or Little Shrike-thrush. Pitohui is a genus of birds endemic to New Guinea, belonging to the family Pachycephalidae. The Blue-capped Ifrita ( Ifrita kowaldi) also known as the Ifrit, is a small insectivorous bird endemic to the rainforests of New Guinea UserPolbot. -->The Little Shrike-thrush ( Colluricincla megarhyncha) is a species of Bird in the There are only a few species of venomous amphibian - certain salamandrid salamanders can extrude venom-tipped sharp ribs [1].

The Cuban solenodon has a venomous bite
The Cuban solenodon has a venomous bite

There are suggestions that venomous mammals were once more common. Solenodons are Nocturnal, burrowing Insectivorous Mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae. Canine teeth dated at 60 million years old from two extinct species, the shrew-like Bisonalveus browni and another unidentified mammal, show grooves that some palaeontologists have argued are indicative of a venomous bite. Bisonalveus browni is an extinct mammal once believed to be related to the modern Pangolin. However, other scientists have questioned this conclusion given that many living nonvenomous mammals (e. g. , many primates, coatis and fruit bats) also have deep grooves down the length of their canines, suggesting that this feature does not always reflect an adaptation to venom delivery.

To explain the rarity of venom delivery in Mammalia, Mark Dufton of the University of Strathclyde has suggested that modern animals do not need venom because they are smart and effective enough to kill quickly with tooth or claw; whereas venom, no matter how sophisticated, takes time to disable prey. The University of Strathclyde (Oilthigh Srath Chluaidh is a university in Glasgow, Scotland. Indeed, the venomous insectivore, the solenodon, is now being driven from its native habitats by introduced dogs, cats, and mongooses. The order Insectivora (from Latin insectum "insect" and vorare "to eat" is a now-abandoned biological grouping within the Solenodons are Nocturnal, burrowing Insectivorous Mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae. A mongoose (plural mongooses) is a member of the family Herpestidae (although also used for some members of Eupleridae) a family of small

Listed below are mammals that are venomous or that use poisonous or noxious chemicals in some form.

Contents

Venomous

Cuban Solenodon (Atopogale cubana) & Haitian Solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus)
Solenodons look similar to big hedgehogs with no coat of spines. The Cuban Solenodon ( Solenodon cubanus) known as the Almiqui in Cuba, is a Soricomorph endemic to Cuba The Cuban Solenodon ( Solenodon cubanus) known as the Almiqui in Cuba, is a Soricomorph endemic to Cuba The Hispaniolan Solenodon ( Solenodon paradoxus) also known as the Haitian Solenodon or Agouta, is a Solenodon only found on the island The Hispaniolan Solenodon ( Solenodon paradoxus) also known as the Haitian Solenodon or Agouta, is a Solenodon only found on the island Solenodons are Nocturnal, burrowing Insectivorous Mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae. A hedgehog is any of the small spiny Mammals of the Subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. They both have venomous bites; the venom is delivered from modified salivary glands via grooves in their second lower incisors. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut" are the first kind of Tooth in Heterodont Mammals They are located in the Premaxilla
The calcaneous spur found on the male platypus's hind limb is used to deliver venom.
The calcaneous spur found on the male platypus's hind limb is used to deliver venom.
Platypus (Ornithorhyncus anatinus)
Males have a venomous spur on their hind legs. The Platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a semi- aquatic Mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. The Platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a semi- aquatic Mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Echidnas, the other monotremes, have spurs but no functional venom glands. Echidnas (ɨˈkɪdnə also known as spiny anteaters, are four extant Mammal species belonging to the Tachyglossidae family of the Monotremes (from the Greek monos 'single' + trema 'hole' referring to the Cloaca) are Mammals that lay eggs ( Prototheria) instead
Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens)
Capable of delivering a venomous bite. The Eurasian Water Shrew, known in British English as the Water Shrew, is a relatively large Shrew, up to 100 mm in length with a tail up to three-quarters The Eurasian Water Shrew, known in British English as the Water Shrew, is a relatively large Shrew, up to 100 mm in length with a tail up to three-quarters
Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda)
Capable of delivering a venomous bite. The Northern Short-tailed Shrew ( Blarina brevicauda) is a large Shrew found in central and eastern North America from southern Saskatchewan to The Northern Short-tailed Shrew ( Blarina brevicauda) is a large Shrew found in central and eastern North America from southern Saskatchewan to
Southern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina carolinensis) & Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina hylophaga)
Possibly have a venomous bite. The Southern Short-tailed Shrew ( Blarina carolinensis) is a small gray short-tailed Mammal as the name implies The Southern Short-tailed Shrew ( Blarina carolinensis) is a small gray short-tailed Mammal as the name implies Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew ( Blarina hylophaga) is a small slate grey short-tailed species of Shrew. Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew ( Blarina hylophaga) is a small slate grey short-tailed species of Shrew. .

Venomous/poisonous

Slow loris (Nycticebus coucang)
Glands on the inside of their elbows secrete a toxin that smells reminiscent of sweaty socks. The slow lorises are three species of Loris and are classified as the genus Nycticebus. The Sunda Loris ( Nycticebus coucang) is a Slow loris. This slow moving Strepsirrhine Primate has large eyes that point forward and ears They cover their babies in the toxin to protect them from predators, and put it in their mouths to give themselves a venomous bite, delivering the toxin via their lower incisors. Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut" are the first kind of Tooth in Heterodont Mammals They are located in the Premaxilla

Chemical defense

Family Mephitidae
Skunks can eject a noxious fluid from glands near their anus. Skunks (sometimes referred to as polecats) are Mammals best known for their ability to excrete a strong foul-smelling odor. Skunks (sometimes referred to as polecats) are Mammals best known for their ability to excrete a strong foul-smelling odor. The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an Animal 's Digestive tract from the Mouth. It is not only foul smelling, but can cause skin irritation and, if it gets in the eyes, temporary blindness. Some members of the mustelid family, such as the striped polecat (Ictonyx striatus), also have this capacity to an extent. Mustelidae or Mustelids (from Latin mustela, Weasel) commonly referred to as the weasel family, is a family of carnivorous Mammals The Striped Polecat ( Ictonyx striatus, also called the African Polecat, Zoril, Zorille or Zorilla) is a member of the Mustelidae The Striped Polecat ( Ictonyx striatus, also called the African Polecat, Zoril, Zorille or Zorilla) is a member of the Mustelidae Pangolins can also emit a noxious smelling fluid from glands near the anus. The Great Long-nosed Armadillo can also release a disagreeable musky odor when threatened. The Great Long-nosed Armadillo, Dasypus kappleri, is a Species of Armadillo from South America.

See also

External links

References

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