| Vancouver | |||
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| Motto: "By Sea, Land, and Air We Prosper" | |||
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| Country |  Canada |
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| Province |  British Columbia |
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| Region | Lower Mainland | ||
| Regional District | Metro Vancouver | ||
| Incorporated | 1886 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Sam Sullivan (NPA) | ||
| - City Council |
List of Councilors
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| - MPs (Fed. The Flag of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada was adopted by City Council on May 17, 1983. The Coat of Arms of Vancouver was granted by the A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Metro Vancouver, legally the Greater Vancouver Regional District, is the inter-municipal body or regional district, charged with certain aspects Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C National regions Provinces and territories are normally grouped into the following Regions (generally from west to east Northern Canada The Lower Mainland is a name commonly applied to the region surrounding Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Canadian Province of British Columbia is divided into regional districts. Metro Vancouver, legally the Greater Vancouver Regional District, is the inter-municipal body or regional district, charged with certain aspects A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Sam Sullivan, CM (born 1960) is the current Mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Non-Partisan Association ( NPA) is a civic-level political party in Vancouver, Canada. Vancouver City Council is the governing body of the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Suzanne Anton is a Vancouver city councillor elected as a member of the Non-Partisan Association in 2005 The Non-Partisan Association ( NPA) is a civic-level political party in Vancouver, Canada. Peter Ladner (born 1949-02-12) is a Vancouver city councillor first elected as a member of the Non-Partisan Association in 2002 and re-elected in 2005 The Non-Partisan Association ( NPA) is a civic-level political party in Vancouver, Canada. Kim Capri is a Vancouver British Columbia City councillor who was elected as a member of Non-Partisan Association in 2005 The Non-Partisan Association ( NPA) is a civic-level political party in Vancouver, Canada. Elizabeth Ball is a Vancouver city councillor who was elected as a member of Non-Partisan Association in 2005 The Non-Partisan Association ( NPA) is a civic-level political party in Vancouver, Canada. BC Lee is a Vancouver city councillor who was elected as a member of Non-Partisan Association in 2005 The Non-Partisan Association ( NPA) is a civic-level political party in Vancouver, Canada. Raymond Louie ( 雷[[wikt 建|建]] 华) is a Vancouver City Councillor and a former school Trustee Vision Vancouver is one of three parties represented on Vancouver City Council in Vancouver, Canada. Tim Stevenson (b Vancouver British Columbia) is a Canadian Politician and United Church Clergyman. Vision Vancouver is one of three parties represented on Vancouver City Council in Vancouver, Canada. George Chow (zh '''周烱華''' is a Vancouver City Councillor who was elected as a member of the Vision Vancouver party in 2005 Vision Vancouver is one of three parties represented on Vancouver City Council in Vancouver, Canada. Heather Deal is a Vancouver city councillor who was elected as a member of the Vision Vancouver party in 2005 Vision Vancouver is one of three parties represented on Vancouver City Council in Vancouver, Canada. David Cadman is a Vancouver city councillor first elected in 2002 The Coalition of Progressive Electors ( COPE) is a municipal Political party in the Canadian city of Vancouver British Columbia. This is a list of members of the Canadian House of Commons in the 39th Parliament of Canada. ) |
List of MPs
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| - MLAs (Prov. Libby Davies (born February 27, 1953) is a Canadian Member of Parliament for the New Democratic Party, representing the riding of Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots Ujjal Singh Dosanjh, PC, MP (born September 9, 1947, Jalandhar, India) is a Canadian Lawyer The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political David Lee Emerson, PC, MP (born September 17 1945, in Montreal Quebec) is a Canadian Politician, who was The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative Hedy Fry, PC, MP (born August 6 1941) is a Canadian politician and physician The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political Joyce Murray is a Canadian politician She represents the electoral district of Vancouver Quadra as a Member of Parliament The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is one of two components of the Parliament of British Columbia, the other being the Lieutenant-Governor ) |
List of MLAs
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| Area | |||
| - City | 114. Gordon Campbell may refer to Gordon Campbell Baron Campbell of Croy, Scottish Conservative and Unionist politician Secretary of State for Scotland 1970–1974 The British Columbia Liberal Party (also referred to as the BC Liberals) is the governing Political party in British Columbia, Canada. David Chudnovsky is a Canadian Politician. As a member of the New Democratic Party, he was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (NDP is a Political party in British Columbia, Canada that has Democratic socialist roots Adrian Dix is a Canadian politician, currently serving as MLA for Vancouver-Kingsway in British Columbia, Canada. The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (NDP is a Political party in British Columbia, Canada that has Democratic socialist roots Colin Hansen (born 1952 is British Columbia 's Minister of Finance and Minister Responsible for the 2010 Winter Olympics. The British Columbia Liberal Party (also referred to as the BC Liberals) is the governing Political party in British Columbia, Canada. For the California Dreams actress please see Jennie Kwan Jenny Wai Ching Kwan （ Chinese: 關慧貞 Pinyin: Guān Hùizhēn）is The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (NDP is a Political party in British Columbia, Canada that has Democratic socialist roots Lorne Mayencourt is a Canadian politician who represents the electoral district of Vancouver-Burrard in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia The British Columbia Liberal Party (also referred to as the BC Liberals) is the governing Political party in British Columbia, Canada. Wallace Oppal QC (1940–) is a Canadian lawyer former judge and provincial politician from British Columbia. The British Columbia Liberal Party (also referred to as the BC Liberals) is the governing Political party in British Columbia, Canada. Gregor Robertson is the former MLA for Vancouver-Fairview in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (NDP is a Political party in British Columbia, Canada that has Democratic socialist roots For the Jazz guitarist see Shane Simpson (musician. Shane Simpson is the current MLA for Vancouver-Hastings The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (NDP is a Political party in British Columbia, Canada that has Democratic socialist roots Carole Taylor, MLA OC (born 1945 is a Canadian Journalist and Politician. The British Columbia Liberal Party (also referred to as the BC Liberals) is the governing Political party in British Columbia, Canada. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 67 km² (44. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 2,878. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 52 km² (1,111. 4 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 2 m (7 ft) | ||
| Population (2007) | |||
| - City | 611,869 | ||
| - Density | 5,335/km² (13,817. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 2,524,113 Lower Mainland | ||
| - Metro | 2,249,725 Metro Vancouver | ||
| - Demonym | Vancouverite | ||
| Time zone | PST (UTC-8) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC-7) | ||
| Postal code span | V5K to V6Z | ||
| Area code(s) | 604, 778 | ||
| NTS Map | 092G03 | ||
| GNBC Code | JBRIK | ||
| Website: City of Vancouver | |||
.svg/100px-Flag_of_Vancouver_(Canada).svg.png)
Vancouver (pronounced /vænˈkuːvɚ/) is a coastal city and major seaport located in the Lower Mainland of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. The Lower Mainland is a name commonly applied to the region surrounding Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Metro Vancouver, legally the Greater Vancouver Regional District, is the inter-municipal body or regional district, charged with certain aspects A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place The Pacific Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-8) UTC−8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Universal Coordinated Time by 8 hours Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−7 can be observed in Mountain Standard Time Zone Pacific Daylight Time Zone Canada A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The National Topographic System or NTS (Système national de référence cartographique is the topographic system used by Canada for providing general Geographical Names Board of Canada is a national committee of the Canadian Government Department of National Resources which authorizes the names used on official The Lower Mainland is a name commonly applied to the region surrounding Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page It is bounded by the Strait of Georgia, the Fraser River, and the Coast Mountains. The Strait of Georgia or the Georgia Strait (also known as the Gulf of Georgia) is a Strait between Vancouver Island (as well as its nearby For other uses of this name see Fraser River (disambiguation. The Coast Mountains are a Mountain range of the Pacific Cordillera, running along the north western shore of the North American continent extending south Vancouver is named after Captain George Vancouver, a British explorer. Captain George Vancouver The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800
The population of the city of Vancouver is 611,869 [1] and the population of the Metro Vancouver region is 2,249,725 (2007 estimate). Metro Vancouver, legally the Greater Vancouver Regional District, is the inter-municipal body or regional district, charged with certain aspects [2] This makes it the largest metropolitan area in Western Canada and the third largest in the country. Western Canada, commonly referred to as the West, is a region of Canada normally including all parts of Canada west of the province The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population using data from the Canada 2001 Census[http //www12 [3] Vancouver is ethnically diverse, with 52% of city residents[4][5] and 43% of Metro residents[6] having a first language other than English. This is a list of Canadian residents ( Citizens, Landed immigrants and non-citizen temporary residents by the ethnic origin(s they chose to list on their A first language (also mother tongue, native language, arterial language, or L1) is the language a human being learns from birth English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Population density is fourth highest for a major city on the continent after New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The City of New York The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico [7]
Vancouver was first settled in the 1860s as a result of immigration caused by the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, particularly from the United States, although many immigrants did not remain after the rush. Immigration to Canada is the process by which people migrate to Canada and become nationals of the country The Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, (also Fraser Gold Rush) occurred in 1858 after Gold was discovered on the Thompson River in British Columbia The city developed rapidly from a small lumber mill town into a metropolitan centre following the arrival of the transcontinental railway in 1887. A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards Sawmill process A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of 100 years ago a log enters The Canadian Pacific Railway ( The Port of Vancouver became internationally significant after the completion of the Panama Canal, which reduced freight rates in the 1920s and made it viable to ship export-bound prairie grain west through Vancouver. Terminals The Port has 25 major marine terminals three container, seventeen Bulk cargo and five Break bulk cargo. The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the The Canadian Prairies is a region in western Canada, which may correspond to several different definitions natural or political [8] It has since become the busiest seaport in Canada, and exports more cargo than any other port in North America. [9]
The economy of Vancouver has traditionally relied on British Columbia's resource sectors: forestry, mining, fishing and agriculture. The economy of Vancouver is one of the most vibrant in Canada due to Vancouver's situation as the nation's gateway to the Pacific Rim, a major port and Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Canada is one of the largest agricultural producers and exporters in the world particularly concerning wheat and other grains It has diversified over time, however, and Vancouver today has a vibrant service industry, a growing tourism industry, and it has become the third-largest film production centre in North America after Los Angeles and New York City, earning it the nickname Hollywood North. Canada, as a rich Western country has both a large domestic and foreign tourist industry See also Filmmaking Principal photography is the phase of Film production in which the movie is actually shot as distinct from Pre-production Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The City of New York " Hollywood North " an Allusion to Hollywood, California, a notable Film centre [10][11][12][13][14] Vancouver has had an expansion in high-tech industries, most notably video game development. Game development is the process by which a Game is produced Today this term most commonly refers to the development of Video games Overview Development
Vancouver is consistently ranked one of the three most livable cities in the world. [15][16][17][18] According to a 2007 report by Mercer Human Resource Consulting for example, Vancouver tied with Vienna as having the third highest quality of living in the world, after Zürich and Geneva. Mercer is a Human resource consulting firm headquartered in New York City New York that is recognized as one of the leading business institutions in the world Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. This is a list of the world's cities by quality of living according to the " Mercer Human Resource Consulting 2007 Quality of Living Survey" Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking [19][20] In 2007, according to Forbes, Vancouver had the 6th most overpriced real estate market in the world and second in North America after Los Angeles. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West [21][22] In 2007, Vancouver was ranked Canada's second most expensive city to live after Toronto and the 89th most expensive globally, and, in 2006, the 56th most expensive city in which to live among 143 major cities in the world; in the same survey, Zurich and Geneva were ranked as the ninth and seventh most expensive, respectively. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking [23] In 2007, Vancouver was ranked as the 10th cleanest city in the world. [24]
The 2010 Winter Olympics will be held in Vancouver and nearby Whistler. Whistler is a Resort town in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia [25][26][27]
Contents |
History
Archaeological records indicate that the presence of Aboriginal peoples in the Vancouver area dates back 4,500–9,000 years. Vancouver is a city in British Columbia, Canada. With its location near the mouth of the Fraser River and on the Waterways of the Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people [28][29] The city is located in the traditional territories of Skwxwú7mesh, Xwméthkwyiem, Tseil-waututh peoples of the Coast Salish group. The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (sqʷχʷúʔməʃ or Squamish are an indigenous people of southwestern British Columbia, a part of the Salishan-speaking The Musqueam Indian Band is a First Nations government in the Canadian province of British Columbia, and is the only Indian band whose reserve lies within The Tsleil-Waututh First Nation, also known as the Burrard Indian Band or Burrard Band, is a First Nations government in the Canadian Province Coast Salish refers to a cultural or ethnographic designation of a subgroup of the First Nations or Native American cultures in British Columbia, [30] They had villages in parts of present-day Vancouver, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, and along the Burrard Inlet. Xwáýxway ( Xway' xway, Why-why, Qoiquoi, Qwhy-qwhy, Whoiwhoi) (xʷajxʷaj is a village site of the Indigenous Snauq ( Squamish Senakw; also written Snawk, Snawq, Sneawq, or Snawkw) is a village site of the Indigenous For other places with the same name see Burrard. Burrard Inlet is a relatively shallow-sided coastal Fjord in southwestern British Some of these still exist in North Vancouver, West Vancouver, and near Point Grey
The first European to explore the coastline of present-day Point Grey and part of Burrard Inlet was José María Narváez of Spain, in 1791. This page is about the two distinct British Columbia municipalities that use the name and are often jointly referred to as "North Vancouver" West Point Grey is a neighbourhood on the western side of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. For other places with the same name see Burrard. Burrard Inlet is a relatively shallow-sided coastal Fjord in southwestern British José María Narváez (1768 &ndash August 4, 1840) was a Spanish naval officer Explorer, and Navigator who is mainly remembered The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries George Vancouver explored the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places British names. Captain George Vancouver The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 [31]
The explorer and North West Company trader Simon Fraser and his crew were the first Europeans known to have set foot on the site of the present-day city. For the grocery chain see The North West Company. The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal Simon Fraser ( 20 May 1776 – 18 August 1862) was a Fur trader and an explorer who charted much of what is now the Canadian In 1808, they traveled from the east, down the Fraser River perhaps as far as Point Grey, near the University of British Columbia. For other uses of this name see Fraser River (disambiguation. The University of British Columbia ( UBC) is a Canadian public research University with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna [33]
The Cariboo Gold Rush of 1861 brought 25,000 men, mainly from California, to the mouth of the Fraser River and what would become Vancouver. The Cariboo Gold Rush was a Gold rush in the Canadian province British Columbia. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. [34] The first European settlement was established in 1862 at McLeery's Farm on the Fraser River, just east of the ancient village of Musqueam in what is now Marpole. The Musqueam Indian Band is a First Nations government in the Canadian province of British Columbia, and is the only Indian band whose reserve lies within Marpole is a mostly-residential neighbourhood of 22400 ( located on the southern edge of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, immediately northeast of A sawmill established at Moodyville (now the City of North Vancouver) in 1863 began the city's long relationship with lumbering. The City of North Vancouver is a waterfront municipality on the north shore of Burrard Inlet, directly across from Logging is the process in which Trees are cut down for Forest management and Timber. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the south shore of the inlet. Stamp, who had begun lumbering in the Port Alberni area, first attempted to run a mill at Brockton Point, but difficult currents and reefs forced the relocation of the operation to a point near the foot of Gore Street, known as Hastings Mill. Port Alberni is a city located in the province of British Columbia in Canada. Brockton Point is located in Vancouver harbor at the east end of Stanley Park. Hastings Mill was a Sawmill on the south shore of Burrard Inlet and was the first commercial operation around which the settlement that would become Vancouver This became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed. The mill's central role in the city waned after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) in the 1880s. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( It nevertheless remained important to the local economy until it closed in the 1920s. [35]
Vancouver is among British Columbia's youngest cities. [36] The settlement of Gastown grew up quickly around the original makeshift tavern established by “Gassy” Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property. Gastown is an area of Vancouver, British Columbia, located at the northeast end of Downtown adjacent to the Downtown Eastside. A tavern or pot-house is loosely a place of Business where people gather to drink Alcoholic beverages and more than likely also be served Food John Deighton (November 1830 &ndash May 29 1875) generally known as Gassy Jack, was a Canadian bar owner who was born in Hull, [37][36] In 1870, the colonial government surveyed the settlement and laid out a townsite, renamed “Granville,” in honour of the then British Secretary of State for the Colonies, Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville. The Colony of British Columbia was a Crown colony in British North America from 1858 until 1871. The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British Colonies. Granville George Leveson Gower 2nd Earl Granville KG, PC ( 11 May 1815 &ndash 31 March 1891) was a British This site, with its natural harbour, was eventually selected as the terminus for the Canadian Pacific Railway to the disappointment of Port Moody, New Westminster and Victoria, all of which had vied to be the railhead. Port Moody British Columbia is a small crescent-shaped city in Metro Vancouver, located at the east end of Burrard Inlet in British Columbia, Canada Victoria (vɪkˈtɔɹiə is the capital city of British Columbia. The building of the railway was among the preconditions for British Columbia joining Confederation in 1871. Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the
The City of Vancouver was incorporated on 6 April 1886, the same year that the first transcontinental train arrived. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The name, honouring George Vancouver, was chosen by CPR president William Van Horne, who arrived in Port Moody to establish the CPR terminus recommended by Henry John Cambie. Sir William Cornelius Van Horne KCMG (b February 3 1843 &ndash d Henry John Cambie ( October 25, 1836 in Tipperary, Ireland – April 23, 1928 in Vancouver, British Columbia [36] A massive "slash burn" (clearing fire) broke out of control on 13 June 1886, razing the entire city. The Great Vancouver Fire was a conflagration that destroyed most of the newly-incorporated city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on 13 June Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It was quickly rebuilt, and the Vancouver Fire Department was established that same year. Vancouver Fire and Rescue Services was founded in 1868 and today serves the City of Vancouver British Columbia providing both fire and emergency medical services [35] From a settlement of 1,000 people in 1881, Vancouver's population grew to over 20,000 by the turn of the century and 100,000 by 1911. [38]
During the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush, Vancouver merchants sold a great deal of equipment to prospectors. The Klondike Gold Rush, infrequently referred to as the Yukon Gold Rush or Alaska Gold Rush, was a frenzy of Gold rush Immigration to and for [34] One of those merchants, Charles Woodward, had opened the first Woodward's store at what is now Georgia and Main Streets in 1892 and, along with Spencer's and the Hudson's Bay Company department stores, formed the dominant core of the city's retail sector for decades. Woodward's was the name of a department store which operated in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada for one hundred years before its sale to the [39]
The economy of early Vancouver was dominated by large companies such as the CPR, which had the capital needed for the rapid development of the new city. Some manufacturing did develop, but the resource sector was the backbone of Vancouver's economy, initially with logging, and later with exports moved through the seaport, where commercial traffic constituted the largest economic sector in Vancouver by the 1930s. Terminals The Port has 25 major marine terminals three container, seventeen Bulk cargo and five Break bulk cargo. [40]
The dominance of the economy by big business was accompanied by an often militant labour movement. The Trades and Labour Congress of Canada was a Canada -wide central federation of Trade unions from 1883 to 1956 The first major sympathy strike was in 1903 when railway employees struck against the CPR for union recognition. Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal by Employees to perform work. Labour leader Frank Rogers was killed while picketing at the docks by CPR police during that strike, becoming the British Columbia movement's first martyr. [41] Canada's first general strike occurred following the death of another labour leader, Ginger Goodwin, in 1918, at the Cumberland coal mines on Vancouver Island. Albert "Ginger" Goodwin ( May 10, 1887 &ndash 27 July 1918) inspired the first General Strike in Canada on Cumberland is a Village in the Comox Valley on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada Vancouver Island is a large Island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British [42] A lull in industrial tensions through the later 1920s came to an abrupt end with the Great Depression. Most of the 1930s strikes were led by Communist Party organizers. History Origins The Communist Party was organized with great secrecy in a barn near the city of Guelph Ontario, on May 28 and 29 1921 [43] That strike wave peaked in 1935 when unemployed men flooded the city to protest conditions in the relief camps run by the military in remote areas throughout the province. After two tense months of daily and disruptive protesting, the relief camp strikers decided to take their grievances to the federal government and embarked on the On-to-Ottawa Trek. The Relief Camp Workers' Union (RCWU was the union into which the inmates of the Canadian government relief camps were organized in the early 1930s The On-to-Ottawa Trek was a 1935 social movement of Unemployed men protesting the dismal conditions in federal relief camps scattered in remote areas across Western Canada [44]
Other social movements, such as the first-wave feminist, moral reform, and temperance movements were also influential in Vancouver's development. First-wave feminism refers to a period of Feminist activity during the nineteenth and early Twentieth century in the United Kingdom and See also Prohibition, Teetotalism The Temperance Movement attempted to reduce the amount of Alcohol consumed within a community or society in Mary Ellen Smith, a Vancouver suffragist and prohibitionist, became the first woman elected to a provincial legislature in Canada in 1918. Mary Ellen Spear Smith ( October 11, 1861 or 1863 - May 3 1933) was a politician in British Columbia, Canada. Prohibition in Canada refers to a movement and a succession of actions at the local county and provincial levels for the Prohibition of alcohol, beginning in the late 19th century This is a list of the Legislative Assemblies of Canada 's provinces and territories. [45] Alcohol prohibition began in the First World War and lasted until 1921, when the provincial government established its control over alcohol sales, which still persists today. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All [46] Canada's first drug law came about following an inquiry conducted by the federal Minister of Labour and future Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King. The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary Legislation or Religious law is a common means of attempting to control Drug use and the The Minister of Labour (Ministre du Travail is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for setting national labour standards and federal The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus William Lyon Mackenzie King PC OM CMG ( December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian King was sent to investigate damages claims resulting from a riot when the Asiatic Exclusion League led a rampage through Chinatown and Japantown. The Asiatic Exclusion League, often abbreviated AEL, was an organization formed in the early twentieth century in the United States and Canada that aimed Chinatown in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, is the Western Hemisphere's second largest Chinatown in area (after San Francisco and Japantown, Little Yokohama, or Little Tokyo was a neighbourhood in Vancouver, British Columbia, north of Chinatown, that had a concentration Two of the claimants were opium manufacturers, and after further investigation, King found that white women were reportedly frequenting opium dens as well as Chinese men. Opium is a Narcotic formed from the Latex (ie sap released by lacerating (or "scoring" the immature seed pods of opium poppies ( An opium den was an establishment where Opium was sold and smoked Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent and constitute the second-largest Visible minority group in Canada standing at 1346510 which A federal law banning the manufacture, sale, and importation of opium for non-medicinal purposes was soon passed based on these revelations. [47]
Amalgamation with Point Grey and South Vancouver gave the city its final contours not long before taking its place as the third largest metropolis in the country. Joining two or more political units such as municipalities, counties, or cities into one entity is referred to as amalgamation when the process occurs As of 1 January 1929, the population of the enlarged Vancouver was 228,193 and it filled the entire peninsula between the Burrard Inlet and the Fraser River. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For other places with the same name see Burrard. Burrard Inlet is a relatively shallow-sided coastal Fjord in southwestern British [48]
Geography and climate
- Further information: Bodies of water in Vancouver and Climate of Vancouver
The original vegetation of most of Vancouver and its suburbs was dense temperate rain forest, consisting of conifers with scattered pockets of maple and alder, as well as large areas of swampland (even in upland areas, due to poor drainage). Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada is home to several bodies of water within and around its boundaries The climate of Vancouver, British Columbia is a moderate Oceanic climate ( Koppen climate classification Cfb) tempered by the warm Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region it refers to the Ground cover provided by plants Temperate rainforests are Coniferous or broadleaf Forests that occur in the Temperate zone and receive high rainfall Acer ( maple) is a Genus of Trees or Shrubs They are variously classified in a family of their own the Aceraceae, or Alder is the common name of a Genus of Flowering plants ( Alnus) belonging to the Birch family (Family Betulaceae) A swamp is a Wetland featuring temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area [49][50]
The conifers were a typical coastal British Columbia mix of Douglas-fir, Western red cedar and Western Hemlock;[51] thought to have been the greatest concentration of the largest of these trees on the entire British Columbia Coast. Stanley Park is a 4049 hectare (1000 acre Urban park bordering downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Coal Harbour is the name for a section of Burrard Inlet lying between Vancouver, Canada's downtown peninsula and the Brockton Peninsula Douglas-fir is the common name applied to coniferous Trees of the Genus Pseudotsuga in the family Pinaceae. Western redcedar ( Thuja plicata) is a species of Thuja, an Evergreen coniferous Tree in the cypress family Tsuga heterophylla ( Western Hemlock) is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the The British Columbia Coast is Canada 's western continental coastlines Only in Seattle's Elliott Bay did the trees rival those of Burrard Inlet and English Bay in size. Elliott Bay is the body of water on which Seattle Washington is located For other places with the same name see Burrard. Burrard Inlet is a relatively shallow-sided coastal Fjord in southwestern British English Bay is located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, west of the downtown peninsula which separates the bay from Burrard Inlet connecting The largest trees in Vancouver's old-growth forest were in the Gastown area, where the first logging occurred, and on the south slopes of False Creek and English Bay, especially around Jericho Beach. Gastown is an area of Vancouver, British Columbia, located at the northeast end of Downtown adjacent to the Downtown Eastside. Logging is the process in which Trees are cut down for Forest management and Timber. False Creek is a short inlet in the heart of Vancouver. It separates downtown from the rest of the city Jericho Beach, a popular Vancouver beach is located west of the seaside neighbourhood of Kitsilano. The forest in Stanley Park is mostly second and third growth, and evidence of old-fashioned logging techniques such as springboard notches can still be seen there. Stanley Park is a 4049 hectare (1000 acre Urban park bordering downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Secondary, or second-growth, forest is a Forest or Woodland area which has re-grown after a major disturbance such as Fire, Insect
A diverse collection of plants and trees were imported from other parts of the continent and from points across the Pacific, and can be found growing throughout Vancouver and the Lower Mainland. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Lower Mainland is a name commonly applied to the region surrounding Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Various species of palm trees have proven hardy in this climate and are a common sight, as are large numbers of other exotic trees such as the monkey puzzle tree, the Japanese Maple, and various flowering exotics such as magnolias, azaleas, and rhododendrons. Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering Araucaria araucana ( Pehuén or Monkey-puzzle) is the hardiest species in the conifer genus Araucaria. Magnolia is a large Genus of about 210 Flowering plant Species in the subclass Magnolioideae of the family Azaleas are flowering Shrubs making up part of the genus Rhododendron. Rhododendron (from the Greek: rhodos, "rose" and dendron, "tree" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Many rhododendrons have grown to immense sizes, as have other species imported from harsher climates in Eastern Canada or Europe. Eastern Canada (also the Eastern provinces) is generally considered to be the region of Canada east of Manitoba, consisting of the following provinces The native Douglas Maple can also attain a tremendous size. Acer glabrum is a species of Maple native to western North America, from southeastern Alaska, British Columbia and western Many streets in the city are lined with flowering varieties of Japanese cherry trees that were donated by Japan, starting in the 1930s. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. [52] Certain areas of West Vancouver that have the right soil requirements are home to the Arbutus menziesii tree. The Pacific Madrone ( Arbutus menziesii) is a species of Arbutus found on the west coast of North America, from British Columbia (chiefly
Vancouver has an area of 114 square kilometres (44 sq mi), including both flat and hilly ground. The Strait of Georgia or the Georgia Strait (also known as the Gulf of Georgia) is a Strait between Vancouver Island (as well as its nearby Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Vancouver is adjacent to the Strait of Georgia, a body of water that is shielded from the Pacific Ocean by Vancouver Island. The Strait of Georgia or the Georgia Strait (also known as the Gulf of Georgia) is a Strait between Vancouver Island (as well as its nearby Vancouver Island is a large Island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British It is in the Pacific Time Zone (UTC-8) and the Pacific Maritime Ecozone. The Pacific Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-8) [53] The city itself forms part of the Burrard Peninsula, lying between Burrard Inlet to the north and the Fraser River to the south. The Burrard Peninsula is a peninsula in the Lower Mainland region of southwestern British Columbia, Canada, lying between Burrard For other places with the same name see Burrard. Burrard Inlet is a relatively shallow-sided coastal Fjord in southwestern British For other uses of this name see Fraser River (disambiguation. Vancouver is not on nearby Vancouver Island. However, both the island and the city (as well as Vancouver, Washington) are named after Royal Navy Captain George Vancouver. Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U
Vancouver is renowned for its scenery and has one of the largest urban parks in North America, Stanley Park. Stanley Park is a 4049 hectare (1000 acre Urban park bordering downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [54] The North Shore Mountains dominate the cityscape, and on a clear day scenic vistas include the snow-capped volcano Mount Baker in the State of Washington to the southeast, Vancouver Island across the Strait of Georgia to the west and southwest, and the Sunshine Coast to the northwest. The North Shore Mountains are a range of mountains overlooking the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Mount Baker (elevation) is an active glaciated andesitic Stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the Cascades of Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Sunshine Coast is a region of the southern mainland coast of British Columbia, on the eastern shore of the Strait of Georgia, and just northwest of [55]
Vancouver's climate is unusually temperate by Canadian standards; its winters are the fourth warmest of Canadian cities monitored by Environment Canada after nearby Victoria, Nanaimo, and Duncan, all of which are on Vancouver Island. Siwash Rock (also known as Skalsh or Slah-kay-ulsh; Sḵwxwú7mesh Slhxi'7elsh) is a famous rock outcropping in Vancouver, Environment Canada (EC, legally incorporated as the Department of the Environment under the Department of the Environment Act ( R Victoria (vɪkˈtɔɹiə is the capital city of British Columbia. Duncan (pop 4986 is a city on southern Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. [56] Vancouver has daily minimum temperatures falling below 0 °C (32 °F) on an average of 46 days per year and below -10 °C (14 °F) on only two days per year. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The average annual precipitation is about 1,219 millimetres (48 in), though this varies dramatically throughout the city due to the topography. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. [55] Summer months are quite sunny with moderate temperatures, tempered by sea breezes. The daily maximum averages 22 °C (72 °F) in July and August, although temperatures sometimes rise above 26 °C (78 °F). [57] The summer months are often very dry, resulting in moderate drought conditions a few months of the year. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply In contrast, more than half of all winter days receive measurable precipitation. On average, snow falls on only eleven days per year, with only three days receiving six or more centimetres (2. "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. 5 in or more).
While the number of cars in Vancouver proper has been steadily rising with population growth, the rate of car ownership and the average distance driven by daily commuters have fallen since the early 1990s. [58][59] Vancouver is the only major Canadian city with these trends. Despite the fact that the journey time per vehicle has increased by one third and growing traffic mass, there are 7% fewer cars making trips into the downtown core. [58] Residents have been more inclined to live in areas closer to their interests, or use more energy-efficient means of travel, such as mass transit and cycling. This is, in part, the result of a push by city planners for a solution to traffic problems and pro-environment campaigns. Transportation demand management policies have imposed restrictions on drivers making it more difficult and expensive to commute while introducing more benefits for non-drivers. Transportation Demand Management or Travel Demand Management (both TDM is the application of strategies and policies to reduce automobile travel demand or to redistribute this [58]
Demographics
City planners in the late 1950s and 1960s deliberately encouraged the development of high-rise residential towers in Vancouver's West End of downtown, resulting in a compact urban core amenable to public transit, cycling, and pedestrian traffic. Population growth The following table shows the development of the number of inhabitants according to census data of Statistics Canada. Visible minority is a term used primarily in Canada to describe persons who are not of the majority race in a given population The West End of Vancouver British Columbia, Canada is on the downtown peninsula neighbouring Stanley Park and the areas of Yaletown, Coal Vancouver's population density on the downtown peninsula is 121 people per hectare (or 49 people per acre), according to the 2001 census. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U The Canada 2001 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population [60] The city continues to pursue policies intended to increase density as an alternative to sprawl, such as Mayor Sam Sullivan's EcoDensity — an initiative to create quality and high density areas in the city, while making property ownership more economical. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area Sam Sullivan, CM (born 1960) is the current Mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The plan also calls for the increased construction of community centres, parks, and cultural facilities. [61]
Vancouver has been called a "city of neighbourhoods", each with a distinct character and ethnic mix. [62] People of English, Scottish, and Irish origins were historically the largest ethnic groups in the city,[63] and elements of British society and culture are still highly visible in some areas, particularly South Granville and Kerrisdale. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate The Chinese are by far the largest visible ethnic group in the city, and Vancouver has one of the most diverse Chinese-speaking communities, with several Chinese dialects being represented. Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent and constitute the second-largest Visible minority group in Canada standing at 1346510 which [64][35] There are also some neighbourhoods with high concentrations of single ethnic groups, such as the Punjabi Market, Little Italy, Greektown, and Japantown. The Punjabi Market is a commercial district and ethnic enclave in Vancouver, British Columbia. Little Italy in Vancouver, Canada is an area in the eastern part of the city in the Grandview-Woodland neighbourhood often synonymous with the Commercial Greektown in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada is an area in the Kitsilano neighborhood that was historically an enclave of Greek Japantown, Little Yokohama, or Little Tokyo was a neighbourhood in Vancouver, British Columbia, north of Chinatown, that had a concentration Bilingual street signs can be seen in various neighbourhoods, including Chinatown and the Punjabi Market.
In the 1990s, an influx of immigrants from Hong Kong in anticipation of the transfer of that former colony's sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China combined with an increasing number of immigrants from mainland China and previous immigrants from Taiwan to create one of the largest concentrations of ethnic Chinese residents in North America. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, often referred to as the Handover The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.
This influx of Asian immigrants continued a tradition of immigration from around the world that had already established Vancouver as the second most popular destination for immigrants in Canada (after Toronto). Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario [65] Other significant Asian ethnic groups in Vancouver are South Asian (mostly Punjabi, usually referred to as Indo-Canadian), Vietnamese, Filipino, Indonesian, Korean, Cambodian, and Japanese. Notable Asian Canadians Ken Adachi, Toronto Star writer Mikey Bustos, singer Canadian Idol finalist of Filipino ancestry The Punjabi people ( Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia. Indo-Canadians are Canadians whose origins trace back to the Indian sub-continent, often referred to in this way because the term Indian has been used The Vietnamese people (người Việt or vi ''người Kinh'' are an Ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. Indonesia 's 238 million people make it the world's fourth-most populous nation The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. Between 1874 and 1921 the total population of Cambodia increased from about 946000 to 2 The are the dominant Ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent of these approximately 127 million are residents of Japan It has a growing Latin American population, many from Peru, Ecuador and more recently, Mexico. Peru is a multiethnic country It has a population of Amerindians 45% Mestizos 37% Whites 15% Asian Peruvians and Afro-Peruvians 3% For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Demographic dynamics In 1900 the Mexican population was 136 million
Prior to the Hong Kong influx of the 1990s, the largest non-British ethnic groups in the city were Irish and German, followed by Scandinavian, Italian, Ukranian and the historical Chinese population. Irish Canadians are immigrants and descendants of immigrants who origninated in Ireland. The 2006 Canadian census put the number of Canadians of German ethnicity at 3179425 Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well An Italian Canadian' is a Canadian of Italian descent or heritage A Ukrainian Canadian is a person of Ukrainian descent or origin who was born in or immigrated to Canada. Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent and constitute the second-largest Visible minority group in Canada standing at 1346510 which Less numerous minorities, such as newly-arrived Eastern Europeans (in addition to the aforementioned Ukrainians), are also a feature of the city's ethnic landscape. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent.
There is also a sizable aboriginal community in Vancouver as well as in the surrounding metropolitan region, with the result that Vancouver constitutes the largest native community in the province. Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as Canadian aboriginal citizens, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canadian Constitution Act [66]
Vancouver has relatively harmonious race relations. [67] One result is a relatively high rate of intermarriage.
Vancouver has a substantial gay community, and British Columbia was the second Canadian jurisdiction to legalize same-sex marriage as a constitutional right, shortly after Ontario. Gay community or LGBT community is a term used to describe the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender subculture On July 20, 2005, Canada became the fourth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide with the approval of the Civil Marriage Act. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec [68] The downtown area around Davie Street is home to most of the city's gay clubs and bars and is known as Davie Village. Davie Village (also Davie District or simply Davie Street) is a neighbourhood in the West End of Vancouver, British Columbia, Every year Vancouver holds one of the country's largest gay pride parades. [69]
Population growth
The following table and graph show the population growth of the City of Vancouver (not including Point Grey and South Vancouver before 1929) and the metropolitan area using census data of Statistics Canada. The Census in Canada began with the country's first census in 1666. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help [70]
| Year | Vancouver | Metro |
|---|---|---|
| 1891 | 13,709 | 21,887 |
| 1901 | 26,133 | 42,926 |
| 1911 | 100,401 | 164,020 |
| 1921 | 117,217 | 232,597 |
| 1931 | 246,593 | 347,709 |
| 1941 | 275,353 | 393,898 |
| 1951 | 344,833 | 562,462 |
| 1956 | 365,844 | 665,564 |
| 1961 | 384,522 | 790,741 |
| 1966 | 410,375 | 892,853 |
| 1971 | 426,256 | 1,028,334 |
| 1976 | 410,188 | 1,085,242 |
| 1981 | 414,281 | 1,169,831 |
| 1986 | 431,147 | 1,266,152 |
| 1991 | 471,644 | 1,602,590 |
| 1996 | 514,008 | 1,831,665 |
| 2001 | 545,671 | 1,986,965 |
| 2006 | 578,041 | 2,116,581 |
Economy
With its location on the Pacific Rim and at the western terminus of Canada's transcontinental highway and rail routes, Vancouver is one of the nation's largest industrial centres. The economy of Vancouver is one of the most vibrant in Canada due to Vancouver's situation as the nation's gateway to the Pacific Rim, a major port and The Burrard Street Bridge is a six lane 1932 Art Deco style steel truss bridge in Vancouver, British Columbia. The Pacific Rim refers to the countries and cities located around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. The Trans-Canada Highway is a federal-provincial Highway system that joins all ten provinces of Canada. [55]
The Port of Vancouver, Canada's largest and most diversified, does more than C$43 billion in trade with over 90 countries annually. Terminals The Port has 25 major marine terminals three container, seventeen Bulk cargo and five Break bulk cargo. Port activities generate $4 billion in gross domestic product and $8. 9 billion in economic output. [71] Vancouver is also the headquarters of forest product and mining companies. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body In recent years, Vancouver has become an increasingly important centre for software development, biotechnology and a vibrant film industry. Software development is the translation of a user need or marketing goal into a Software product Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. This article primarily discusses cinema in English Canada For information on French Canadian cinema see also Cinema of Quebec.
The city's scenic location makes it a major tourist destination. Visitors come for the city's gardens, Stanley Park, Queen Elizabeth Park, and the mountains, ocean, forest and parklands surrounding the city. Stanley Park is a 4049 hectare (1000 acre Urban park bordering downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Queen Elizabeth Park is a municipal park located in Vancouver, British Columbia The numerous beaches, parks, waterfronts, and mountain backdrop, combined with its cultural and multi-ethnic character, all contribute to its unique appeal and style for tourists. Over a million people annually pass through Vancouver en route to a cruise ship vacation, usually to Alaska. A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent [72]
The city's popularity comes with a price. Vancouver can be an expensive city, with the highest housing prices in Canada. Several 2006 studies rank Vancouver as having the least affordable housing in Canada, ranking 13th least affordable in the world, up from 15th in 2005. [73][74][75] The city has adopted various strategies to reduce housing costs, including cooperative housing, legalized secondary suites, increased density and smart growth. A housing cooperative is a legal entity—usually a Corporation —that owns Real estate, consisting of one or more residential buildings Secondary suite is an Urban planning term for an additional separate dwelling unit on a property that would normally accommodate only one dwelling unit Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in the center of a city to avoid Urban sprawl; and advocates compact A significant number of the city's residents are affluent, a perception reinforced by the number of luxury vehicles on city streets and cost of real estate. Luxury vehicle is a marketing term for a vehicle that provides luxury &mdash that which is beyond strict necessity &mdash in exchange for increased cost to the buyer The average two-storey home in Vancouver sells for $757,750, compared with $467,742 in Toronto and $322,853 in Calgary, the next most expensive major cities in Canada. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada [76]
A major and ongoing downtown condominium construction boom began in the late 1990s, financed in large part by a huge flow of capital from Hong Kong immigrants prior to the 1997 hand-over to China. A condominium, or condo, is a form of Housing tenure and other Real property where a specified part of a piece of real estate (usually of an apartment Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders [77] High-rise residential developments from this period now dominate the Yaletown and Coal Harbour districts of the downtown peninsula, and also cluster around some of the SkyTrain stations on the east side of the city. Yaletown is an area of downtown Vancouver approximately bordered by False Creek, Robson and Homer Streets Coal Harbour is the name for a section of Burrard Inlet lying between Vancouver, Canada's downtown peninsula and the Brockton Peninsula The SkyTrain is a two-line urban mass transit system in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
The city has been selected to co-host the 2010 Winter Olympics, which is influencing economic development. Concern has been expressed that Vancouver's increasing homelessness problem may be exacerbated by the Olympics because owners of single room occupancy hotels, which house many of the city's lowest income residents, have begun converting their properties in order to attract higher income residents and tourists. Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who lack housing because they cannot afford or are otherwise unable to maintain regular safe and adequate shelter [78] Another significant international event, the 1986 World Exposition, was held in Vancouver. The 1986 World Exposition on Transportation and Communication or simply Expo '86 was a World's Fair held in Vancouver, British Columbia, It was the last World's Fair held in North America and was considered a success, receiving 20,111,578 visits. Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the Several Vancouver landmarks date from that period, including the SkyTrain public transit system, the Plaza of Nations, and Canada Place. The Plaza of Nations was an entertainment complex located on the northeast shore of False Creek in Vancouver British Columbia Canada Place is a building situated on the Burrard Inlet waterfront of Vancouver, British Columbia. [79]
Government
Vancouver, unlike other British Columbia municipalities, is incorporated under a unique provincial statute, the Vancouver Charter. Vancouver unlike other British Columbia municipalities is incorporated under a unique provincial statute the Vancouver Charter. [80] The legislation, passed in 1953, supersedes the Vancouver Incorporation Act, 1921 and grants the city more and different powers than other communities possess under BC's Municipalities Act.
The civic government has been dominated by the centre-right Non-Partisan Association (NPA) since the Second World War, albeit with some significant centre-left interludes. The centre-right is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think tanks whose views The Non-Partisan Association ( NPA) is a civic-level political party in Vancouver, Canada. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The centre-left (or center-left) is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think [81] The NPA's Sam Sullivan was elected mayor of Vancouver in November 2005, signaling the party's return to power after a social democratic slate swept the previous election. Sam Sullivan, CM (born 1960) is the current Mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (NDP is a Political party in British Columbia, Canada that has Democratic socialist roots The NPA fractured over the issue of drug policy in 2002, facilitating a landslide victory for the Coalition of Progressive Electors on a harm reduction platform. The term narcotic (ναρκωτικός is believed to have been coined by the Greek physician Galen to refer to agents that benumb or deaden causing loss The Coalition of Progressive Electors ( COPE) is a municipal Political party in the Canadian city of Vancouver British Columbia. Harm reduction is a Philosophy of Public health, intended to be a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain potentially dangerous Subsequently, North America's first safe injection site was opened for the significant number of intravenous heroin users in the city. Insite is the first legal supervised Safe injection site in North America, located at 139 East Hastings Street in the Downtown Eastside neighborhood of Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative
Vancouver is governed by the ten-member Vancouver City Council, a nine-member School Board, and a seven-member Parks Board, all elected for three-year terms through an at-large system. Vancouver City Council is the governing body of the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. At-Large is a designation for representative members of a governing body who are Elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body (for example a city state Historically, in all levels of government, the more affluent west side of Vancouver has voted along conservative or liberal lines while the eastern side of the city has voted along left-wing lines. In Canada, political conservatism is generally considered to be primarily represented by the Conservative Party of Canada at the federal level and by various Liberalism has been a strong force in Canadian politics since the late 18th Century [82] This was reaffirmed with the results of the 2005 provincial election and the 2006 federal election. The 38th British Columbia general election was held on May 17, 2005, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of British Columbia __NOEDITSECTION__This is page shows results of Canadian federal elections in the city of Vancouver and Suburban areas north of the Fraser River.
Though polarized, a political consensus has emerged in Vancouver around a number of issues. Vancouver City Hall is home to Vancouver City Council in Vancouver British Columbia. Protection of urban parks, a focus on the development of rapid transit as opposed to a freeway system, a harm reduction approach to illegal drug use, and a general concern about community-based development are examples of policies that have come to have broad support across the political spectrum in Vancouver. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway A political spectrum (plural Spectra) is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes
Larry Campbell's election as mayor in 2002 was in part due to his willingness to champion alternative interventions for drug issues, such as supervised injection sites. Larry W Campbell (born February 28 1948, in Brantford Ontario) is the former Mayor of Vancouver The city has adopted a Four Pillars Drug Strategy, which combines harm reduction (e. g. needle exchanges, supervised injection sites) with treatment, enforcement, and prevention. [83] The strategy is largely a response to the endemic HIV and hepatitis C among injection drug users in the city's Downtown Eastside neighbourhood. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Hepatitis C is a blood-borne infectious disease that is caused by the Hepatitis C virus ( HCV) affecting the Liver. The Downtown Eastside (DTES is the oldest neighbourhood in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The area is characterized by entrenched poverty, and consequently is home to the "low track" street sex trade and a bustling "open air" street drug market, which gave rise to a significant AIDS epidemic in the 1990s. Some community and professional groups — such as From Grief to Action and Keeping the Door Open — are fostering public dialogue in the city about further alternatives to current drug policies. [84][85]
Campbell chose not to run for re-election, and was subsequently appointed to the Senate of Canada. The Senate of Canada (Le Sénat du Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the sovereign (represented by the governor general In the 2005 Municipal Election, the City Council swung back to the right after a term dominated by the leftist Coalition of Progressive Electors (COPE). The City of Vancouver, along with the rest of British Columbia, held its triennial municipal elections on November 19, The Coalition of Progressive Electors ( COPE) is a municipal Political party in the Canadian city of Vancouver British Columbia. NPA mayoral candidate Sam Sullivan narrowly defeated Jim Green for the position of mayor and was joined by five of his party's members on Council. Sam Sullivan, CM (born 1960) is the current Mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Jim Green, is a American-Canadian municipal Politician and university instructor The centrist Vision Vancouver (VVN) brought four members to Council, with the final seat going to COPE. Vision Vancouver is one of three parties represented on Vancouver City Council in Vancouver, Canada. The NPA also won six of nine School Board seats and five of seven Parks Board seats, while the remaining Board seats were won by COPE. [86]
Provincial representation
In the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Vancouver is represented by ten Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), which includes Gordon Campbell, the current Premier. The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is one of two components of the Parliament of British Columbia, the other being the Lieutenant-Governor A Member of the Legislative Assembly, or MLA, is a representative elected by the voters of an Electoral district to the Legislature or Legislative Gordon Campbell may refer to Gordon Campbell Baron Campbell of Croy, Scottish Conservative and Unionist politician Secretary of State for Scotland 1970–1974 A premier is a title for the Head of government in some countries In the 2005 provincial election, the BC Liberal Party and the BC New Democratic Party each won five seats. The British Columbia Liberal Party (also referred to as the BC Liberals) is the governing Political party in British Columbia, Canada. The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (NDP is a Political party in British Columbia, Canada that has Democratic socialist roots
Federal representation
In the Canadian House of Commons, Vancouver is represented by five Members of Parliament. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. In the 2004 federal elections, the Liberal Party of Canada won four seats and the federal New Democratic Party (NDP) one. The Canadian federal election 2004 (more formally the 38th General Election) was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots In the 2006 federal elections, all the same Members of Parliament were re-elected. The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally the 39th General Election) was held on January 23 2006 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the However, on 6 February 2006, David Emerson of Vancouver Kingsway defected to the Conservative Party, giving the Conservatives one seat in Vancouver. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. David Lee Emerson, PC, MP (born September 17 1945, in Montreal Quebec) is a Canadian Politician, who was For the similarly-named provincial electoral district that incorporates some of the same area see Vancouver-Kingsway (provincial electoral district The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative As of February 2006, the Liberals hold three seats, and the NDP and the Conservatives hold one each.
Policing
While most of the Lower Mainland is policed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's "E" Division, Vancouver has its own city police force (as do New Westminster, West Vancouver, Delta, and Port Moody), with a strength of 1,174 sworn members and an operating budget of almost $150 million (in 2005 figures). The Vancouver Police Department ( VPD) is the Police force for the City of Vancouver in British Columbia, Canada. The New Westminster Police Service ( NWPS) is the police force for the City of New Westminster British Columbia, Canada. West Vancouver Police Department (WVPD is a police force for the district municipality of West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Delta Police Department (DPD is the police force for the district municipality of Delta British Columbia, a suburban community in Metro Vancouver with a The Port Moody Police Department is the police force for the City of Port Moody British Columbia. [88][89][90] Over 16% of the city's budget was spent on police protection in 2005. [91]
The Vancouver Police has numerous operational divisions, including a bicycle squad, a marine squad, and a dog squad. A Police bicycle is a Land vehicle used by police departments most commonly in the form of a Mountain bicycle. Water police, also called harbour patrols, port police, marine/maritime police, nautical patrols, bay constables or river police A police dog is a Dog that is trained specifically to assist Police and similar law-enforcement personnel with their work It also has a mounted squad, used primarily to patrol Stanley Park and occasionally the Downtown Eastside and West End, as well as for crowd control. Mounted police are Police who patrol on Horseback They continue to serve in remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be picturesque [92] The police work in conjunction with civilian and volunteer run Community Police Centres. [93] In 2006, the police department established its own Counter Terrorism Unit, which led to speculation of a rift between the Vancouver Police and the RCMP because the latter normally handles national security matters. Counter-terrorism or counterterrorism refers to the practices tactics, techniques and strategies that Governments militaries, Police departments [94][95] In 2005, a new transit police force, the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Service (now South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service), was established with full police powers. The South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service (SCBCTAPS (formerly Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Service) is the police
Although it is technically illegal, Vancouver police generally do not arrest people for possessing small amounts of marijuana. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a [96] In 2000 the Vancouver Police Department established a specialized drug squad, "Growbusters," to carry out an aggressive campaign against the city's estimated 4,000 hydroponic marijuana growing operations (or grow-ops) in residential areas. Hydroponics (from the Greek words hydro (water and ponos (labour is a method of growing Plants using mineral Nutrient solutions without [97] As with other law enforcement campaigns targeting marijuana this initiative has been sharply criticized. [98]
As of 2005, Vancouver had the fourth highest crime rate among Canada's 27 census metropolitan areas. Crime in Canada has experienced wide swings in prevalence throughout its history [99] However, as with other Canadian cities, the over-all crime rate has been falling "dramatically. "[100][99] Vancouver's property crime rate is particularly high, ranking among the highest for major North American cities. Property crime is a category of Crime that includes among other crimes Burglary, Larceny, Theft, Motor vehicle theft, Arson [101] But even property crime dropped 10. 5% between 2004 and 2005, according the Vancouver Police. [102] Metro Vancouver has the highest rate of gun-related violent crime of any major metropolitan region in Canada, according to a new Statistics Canada study. There were 45. 3 violent offences involving guns for every 100,000 people in Metro Vancouver, slightly higher than Toronto at 40. 4 but far above the national average of 27. 5, says the report, which is based on police-reported data from 2006. [103]
Vancouver plays host to special events such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation conference, the Clinton-Yeltsin Summit or the Symphony of Fire fireworks show that require significant policing. The Symphony of Fire is an annual multi-day fireworks exhibition and friendly international competition held around the world most notably in Vancouver, British Columbia The 1994 Stanley Cup riot overwhelmed police and injured more than 200 people. The 1994 Stanley Cup Riot occurred in Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on the evening of June 14, 1994 and continued
Transportation
- See also: List of Vancouver roads
Vancouver's streetcar system began on 28 June 1890 and ran from the (first) Granville Street Bridge to Westminster Avenue (now Main Street). Transportation in Vancouver has many of the features of modern cities worldwide and some interesting differences The following is a list of major and secondary streets and roads in Vancouver, British Columbia. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Granville Street Bridge is an eight lane bridge in Vancouver, British Columbia. Main Street is the name of a major north-south thoroughfare bisecting Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Less than a year later, the Westminster and Vancouver Tramway Company began operating Canada's first interurban line between the two cities, which encouraged residential neighbourhoods outside the central core to develop. [104] The British Columbia Electric Railway became the company that operated the urban and interurban rail system, until 1958 when its last vestiges were dismantled in favour of "trackless" trolley and gasoline/diesel buses. The British Columbia Electric Railway (BCER was a historic Canadian railway which operated in southwestern British Columbia. [105] Vancouver currently has the second largest trolley bus fleet in North America after San Francisco.
City councils, as part of a long term plan, prohibited the construction of freeways in the 1980s. [106] The only major freeway within city limits is Highway 1, which passes through the north-eastern corner of the city. The Trans-Canada Highway is a federal-provincial Highway system that joins all ten provinces of Canada.
South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority (TransLink), the Metro Vancouver transportation authority, is responsible for roads and public transportation within region. TransLink (legally the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority) is the organization responsible for the regional transportation network of Metro Vancouver TransLink (legally the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority) is the organization responsible for the regional transportation network of Metro Vancouver Metro Vancouver, legally the Greater Vancouver Regional District, is the inter-municipal body or regional district, charged with certain aspects It provides a bus service, B-Line Rapid Bus Service (two of the three B-Lines run in Vancouver with two more B-Lines by 2008), a foot passenger and bicycle ferry service (known as SeaBus), a two-line automated metro called SkyTrain, and West Coast Express commuter rail. Coast Mountain Bus Company (CMBC is the contract operator for Bus Transit services in Greater Vancouver and is a wholly owned subsidiary of the The SeaBus is a passenger-only Ferry ( Water taxi) service connecting downtown Vancouver and the City of North Vancouver. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The SkyTrain is a two-line urban mass transit system in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. West Coast Express is the interregional commuter railway in British Columbia, Canada. [107]
Changes are being made to the regional transportation network as part of the Gateway Program. The Gateway Program is a $ 30 billion regional transportation project for Greater Vancouver that is being run by the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation Current projects include the Canada Line, a rapid-transit line that will connect Vancouver International Airport and the neighbouring city of Richmond with the existing Skytrain system. Timeline In 1995 BC Transit (a crown corporation responsible for public transit expressed desire to create a special service of either Bus rapid transit Richmond (ˈrɪtʃmənd}} is an incorporated city on the Pacific coast of the Canadian province of British There is also planning going forward to extend the SkyTrain Millennium Line west to UBC as a subway under Broadway and capacity upgrades and an extension to the Expo Line. Many other road projects will be completed within the next few years, including the Golden Ears Bridge. The Golden Ears Bridge is a new six-lane Extradosed bridge under construction between Langley and Surrey on the south side and
Inter-city passenger rail service is operated from Pacific Central Station by VIA Rail to points east; Amtrak Cascades to Seattle, Washington; and Rocky Mountaineer rail tour routes. Pacific Central Station in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada is a railway station which acts as the western terminus of VIA Rail VIA Rail Canada (also referred to as VIA Rail and VIA; ˈviːə 'vee-ah' is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail The Amtrak Cascades (originally named Cascadia) is a Passenger train route operated by Amtrak in partnership with the states of Washington Rocky Mountaineer Vacations (RMV is a tour company founded in 1990 based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada who operate vintage trains over numerous
Small passenger ferries operating in False Creek provide commuter service to Granville Island, Downtown Vancouver and Kitsilano.
Vancouver is served by Vancouver International Airport (YVR), located on Sea Island in the City of Richmond, immediately south of Vancouver. Sea Island is located in the city of Richmond British Columbia, directly across the river from Vancouver and fifteen kilometres from Vancouver's downtown core Vancouver's airport is Canada's second busiest airport, and the second largest gateway on the west coast of North America for international passengers. HeliJet and three float plane companies Salt Spring Air, Harbour Air and West Coast Air operate scheduled air service from Vancouver harbour and YVR south terminal. Helijet International is a helicopter Airline based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A floatplane is a type of Seaplane, with slender Pontoons (known as "floats" mounted under the fuselage only the floats of a floatplane normally come Salt Spring Air (also known as Saltspring Air) is the only Floatplane company based on Saltspring Island, British Columbia Harbour Air is a scheduled service tour and charter Airline based in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada. West Coast Air is a scheduled and charter Airline based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The city is also served by two BC Ferry terminals. One is to the northwest at Horseshoe Bay, West Vancouver, and the other is to the south, at Tsawwassen (in Delta). Horseshoe Bay is a West Vancouver community of about 1000 permanent residents Tsawwassen is a suburban mostly residential community in the southwestern part of the Corporation of Delta, British Columbia, Canada. Delta is a district municipality in British Columbia, and forms part of Metro Vancouver.
Education
Schools
Vancouver is served by School District 39 Vancouver, the second largest school district in British Columbia. Vancouver School Board ( School District #39) is a School district based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. School districts are a form of Special-purpose district which serves to operate the local public primary and secondary schools [108] As in other parts of the province, numerous independent schools are also eligible for partial provincial funding — this includes religious schools, non-denominational schools, and special-needs schools, most of which also charge tuition. An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and Parochial school is one term used (particularly in the United States) to describe a school that engages in Religious education in addition to conventional Education Secularism is generally the assertion that governmental practices or institutions should exist separately from Religion or religious beliefs Special Education is the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures adapted equipment and materials accessible settings and other interventions Tuition means instruction or teaching. In American English, the term tuition is often used to refer to a fee charged for educational instruction Vancouver also includes three schools that are part of the province-wide Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique (CSF), the Francophone public school district. The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britanique (also known as Francophone Education Authority or School District No 93) is the French -language The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places
Universities and colleges
The two major public universities in the Lower Mainland, the University of British Columbia (UBC) and Simon Fraser University (SFU), have satellite campuses within the city, as does the British Columbia Institute of Technology, which provides polytechnic education and grants degrees in several fields. The University of British Columbia ( UBC) is a Canadian public research University with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna Simon Fraser University ( SFU) is a public university in British Columbia with its main campus on Burnaby Mountain in Burnaby and satellite campuses in A campus is traditionally the land on which a College or University and related institutional buildings are situated The British Columbia Institute of Technology ( BCIT) is an Institute of technology in Burnaby British Columbia. Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of Higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing Vancouver Community College and Langara College, along with other colleges in surrounding communities, provide career, trade, and university-transfer programs for Vancouver residents. Vancouver Community College (VCC is a vocational training institute in Vancouver British Columbia, Canada. Langara College is located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and has more than 23000 students (full-time and part-time Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design grants certificates, diplomas, and degrees in art and design. Emily Carr University of Art and Design (formerly the Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design) is a public post-secondary University located on Granville Island in Other arts schools include the Vancouver Film School and Studio 58, a program of Langara. There are other articles with similar names see Vancouver Film Studios. Studio 58 is an intensive theatre school located in Vancouver British Columbia.
International students
Foreign students, particularly from the Pacific Rim, have grown in importance for Vancouver's public and private post-secondary educational facilities. International undergraduate enrolment at UBC has grown to nine per cent, or 2,800 students, from two per cent since 1996. Some private schools have been closed or sanctioned for improperly advertising to international students. [109]
Architecture and cityscape
Notable buildings within the city include Christ Church Cathedral, the Hotel Vancouver, and the Vancouver Art Gallery. Patrick Burns ( 6 July 1856 &ndash 24 February 1937) was a Canadian Rancher, Meat packer, Businessman Christ Church Cathedral is the Anglican Cathedral in Vancouver British Columbia. The Fairmont Hotel Vancouver (generally known as the Hotel Vancouver) is located on West Georgia Street and Burrard Street, in the heart of downtown Vancouver The Vancouver Art Gallery ( VAG) is the fifth-largest Art gallery in Canada and the largest in Western Canada There are several striking modern buildings in the downtown area, including the Harbour Centre, Vancouver Law Courts and surrounding plaza known as Robson Square (Arthur Erickson) and the Vancouver Library Square (Moshe Safdie, architect), reminiscent of the Colosseum in Rome. This article is concerned with architectural aspects of Modernism; for the most recent developments in architecture see Contemporary architecture. Harbour Centre is a notable skyscraper in the Central business district of Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Robson Square is a modern Civic centre and public Plaza, located in Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. Funded by the City of Vancouver, the Vancouver Public Library is the third largest Public library system in Canada, with over 395000 cardholders and more Moshe Safdie, CC, BArch LLD, FRAIC FAIA (b July 14, 1938) is an Architect and Urban designer The Colosseum or Roman Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre ( Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2
The original BC Hydro headquarters building at Nelson and Burrard Streets is a modernist high-rise, now converted into the Electra condominiums. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Also notable is the "concrete waffle" of the MacMillan-Bloedel building on the north-east corner of the Georgia and Thurlow intersection. A prominent addition to the city's landscape is the giant tent-frame Canada Place, the former Canada Pavilion from Expo '86, which includes the Trade and Convention Centre as well as a Cruise Ship Terminal and the Pan-Pacific Hotel. Canada Place is a building situated on the Burrard Inlet waterfront of Vancouver, British Columbia. The 1986 World Exposition on Transportation and Communication or simply Expo '86 was a World's Fair held in Vancouver, British Columbia, The Vancouver Convention & Exhibition Centre (VCEC a convention centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, is one of Canada's largest convention centres Two modern skyscrapers that define the skyline looking south are the city hall and the Centennial Pavilion of Vancouver Hospital, both by Townley and Matheson (1936 and 1958 respectively). [110][111]
A collection of Edwardian buildings in the city's old downtown core were, in their day, the tallest buildings in the British Empire. Class and society Socially the Edwardian era was a period during which the British Class system was very rigid The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. These were, in succession, the Province Building, the Dominion Building (1907, both at Cambie and Hastings Streets), and the Sun Tower (1911) at Beatty and Pender Streets. The Dominion Building, sometimes known as the Dominion Bank Building (originally Dominion Trust) is a building in Vancouver, British Columbia The Sun Tower is a Beaux-Arts, 17 storey (82 metres/270 feet tall building in Vancouver, British Columbia, located at 100 West Pender Street The Sun Tower's cupola was finally exceeded as the Empire's tallest by the elaborate Art Deco Marine Building in the 1920s. In Architecture, a cupola or lantern is a radially symmetrical ornamental structure (often dome-shaped or quadrilateral located on top of a larger Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial The Marine Building is a Skyscraper located at 355 Burrard Street in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia Canada near the Financial [112] Inspired by New York's Chrysler Building, the Marine Building is known for its elaborate ceramic tile facings and brass-gilt doors and elevators, which make it a favourite location for movie shoots. The City of New York The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco Skyscraper in New York City, located on the east side of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεραμικός ( keramikos) [113]
Another notable Edwardian building in the city is the Vancouver Art Gallery building, designed by Francis Mawson Rattenbury, who also designed the provincial Legislature and the original and highly decorative Hotel Vancouver (torn down after WWII as a condition of the completion of the new Hotel Vancouver a block away This is all owned by Jon Smith). [114]
Topping the list of tallest buildings in Vancouver as of March 2008 is One Wall Centre at 150 metres (491 ft)[115] and 48 storeys, followed closely by the Shaw Tower at 149 metres (489 ft)[115] and 41 storeys. Harbour Centre is a notable skyscraper in the Central business district of Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This list of tallest buildings in Vancouver ranks Skyscrapers in the Canadian city of Vancouver, British Columbia by height One Wall Centre, also known as the Sheraton Wall Centre - North Tower is currently the tallest completed building in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Shaw Tower located at 1067 W Cordova St in Downtown Vancouver 's Coal Harbour is home to Shaw Communications ' headquarters for Lower Mainland Operations [116]
Vancouver's "View Protection Guidelines" were approved in 1989 and amended in 1990, establishing view corridors in the downtown with height limits to protect views of the North Shore Mountains. The North Shore Mountains are a range of mountains overlooking the Greater Vancouver Regional District. These guidelines have succeeded in preserving mountain views, although some find Vancouver's skyline flat and lacking in visual interest. Many agree that there is a need for some taller buildings to reflect Vancouver's contemporary image, but others are concerned about proposals for much higher buildings. Many believe that the natural setting, and in particular, views of the North Shore Mountains, may be hindered as tall buildings grow in number. In response to these concerns, Council commissioned a "Skyline Study" in 1997. Vancouver City Council is the governing body of the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [117]
The Skyline Study concluded that Vancouver's skyline would benefit from the addition of a handful of buildings exceeding current height limits, to add visual interest to Vancouver's skyline. This led to the General Policy on Higher Buildings. The study noted that the opportunities for such buildings were restricted due to a limited number of large development sites in the downtown. There were at least five sites identified where buildings exceeding the 137 metres (450 ft) height limit are possible, and at least two sites in the northwest corner of the central business district where heights up to 122 metres (400 ft) (exceeding the 91 metre/300 foot limit) might be considered. [118] Eight years later, five of the seven identified sites for higher buildings have been developed or are in the development application process. The tallest of these new buildings is the Living Shangri-La hotel/residential tower, which when completed in 2008 will stand 201 metres (659 ft)[115] tall (62 storeys). [119]
The process of constructing high-rise residential and mixed-use development in urban centres has been referred to as "Vancouverism" after the apparent success of such development in the city. [120]
Arts and culture
- Further information: Music of Vancouver
Prominent theatre companies in Vancouver include the Arts Club Theatre Company on Granville Island, the Vancouver Playhouse Theatre Company, and Bard on the Beach. Vancouver is a city in British Columbia, and is one of the major cultural centres of Canada The Arts Club Theatre Company is a professional Theatre company in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Granville Island is a small island and shopping district in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Vancouver Playhouse Theatre Company is a professional Theatre company in Vancouver British Columbia, Canada founded in October 1962 Bard on the Beach is Western Canada's largest professional Shakespeare festival which is held every year in open-ended tents on the waterfront in Vanier Park in Kitsilano Smaller companies include Touchstone Theatre, Studio 58, Carousel Theatre, and the United Players of Vancouver. Touchstone Theatre is a professional theatre company in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, led by Studio 58 is an intensive theatre school located in Vancouver British Columbia. Theatre Under the Stars produces shows in the summer at Malkin Bowl in Stanley Park. There are other articles with similar names see Theatre Under the Stars (disambiguation. The Marion Malkin Memorial Bowl, or Malkin Bowl, is an outdoor Theatre in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Stanley Park is a 4049 hectare (1000 acre Urban park bordering downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In addition, Vancouver holds an annual Fringe Festival and International Film Festival. The Vancouver Fringe Festival is an annual alternative theater festival held in Vancouver British Columbia, Canada since 1985. The Vancouver International Film Festival ( VIFF) is an annual Film festival held in Vancouver, Canada for two weeks in late September and
Vancouver is the home to museums and galleries. The Vancouver Art Gallery has a permanent collection of over 7,900 items valued at over $100 million and is the home of a significant number of works by Emily Carr. The Vancouver Art Gallery ( VAG) is the fifth-largest Art gallery in Canada and the largest in Western Canada Emily Carr ( December 13, 1871 &ndash March 2, 1945) was a Canadian artist and writer heavily inspired by the Indigenous [121] In the Kitsilano district are the Vancouver Maritime Museum, and the H. R. MacMillan Space Centre. Kitsilano (kɪtsɪˈlæno is a Neighbourhood on the west side of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Vancouver Maritime Museum is a nautical Museum in Vancouver, Canada. The HR MacMillan Space Centre, founded 1968 is an astronomy museum in Vancouver, B The Museum of Anthropology at UBC is a leading museum of Pacific Northwest Coast First Nations culture, and the Vancouver Museum is the largest civic museum in Canada. The Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia (UBC campus near Vancouver, Canada, is one of the foremost museums of Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America (the term refers to the land not the ocean First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people The Vancouver Museum is a local museum located in Vanier Park Vancouver British Columbia A more interactive museum is Science World. TELUS World of Science Vancouver is a science centre run by a non-profit organization in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
In 1986, Greater Vancouver's cultural community created the Alliance for Arts and Culture to provide a strong voice for the sector and an avenue to work together. This coalition now numbers more than 320 arts groups and individuals. The Alliance's mission is to "strive towards an environment that recognizes, respects, and responds to the contribution our sector makes to society's well-being. "[122]
Vancouver is a major regional centre for the development of Canadian music. Canada's music has mirrored the history and culture of the country The city's musical contributions include performers of classical, folk and popular music. The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra is the professional orchestra based in the city. The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra (VSO is a Canadian Orchestra performing in Vancouver, British Columbia. It is also home to a major opera company, the Vancouver Opera, and numerous regional opera companies throughout the metropolitan area. Vancouver Opera is the second largest performing arts organization in British Columbia and the largest opera company in western Canada
The city produced a number of notable punk rock bands, the most famous example being pioneering hardcore band D.O.A., whose enduring prominence in the city was such that Mayor Larry Campbell declared December 21, 2003 "D. Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Larry W Campbell (born February 28 1948, in Brantford Ontario) is the former Mayor of Vancouver Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. O. A. Day" in honour of the band's 25th anniversary. [123] Other notable early punk bands from Vancouver included the Subhumans, the Young Canadians, the Pointed Sticks, Active Dog, The Modernettes, UJ3RK5, I, Braineater, and Nomeansno (originally from Victoria). The Subhumans are a punk band from Vancouver British Columbia, Canada that formed in 1978. Young Canadians (originally The K-Tels) were a Vancouver Punk rock band active for just under two years Pointed Sticks were a Canadian Punk rock / Power pop band from Vancouver, first active from 1978 to 1981 and reunited to perform in 2006 Nomeansno is a punk rock music group originally from Victoria British Columbia, Canada and now located in Vancouver, British Columbia. Victoria (vɪkˈtɔɹiə is the capital city of British Columbia. The punk film Terminal City Ricochet was filmed in Vancouver; its title comes from an ice hockey team called the Terminal City Ricochets. Terminal City Ricochet is a 1990 film by Filipino director Zale Dalen. [124]
When alternative rock hit the mainstream in the 1990s, several Vancouver groups rose to prominence, including 54-40, Odds, Moist, the Matthew Good Band and Econoline Crush, while recent successes include Gob and Stabilo. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of Odds are a Canadian Alternative rock band active 1987–1999 and reformed in 2007 as The New Odds. Moist is a five-piece Canadian Alternative rock band that was popular in the mid-to-late-1990s Matthew Frederick Robert Good (born June 29, 1971, Burnaby British Columbia) is a Canadian Rock musician He was the lead Singer Econoline Crush is a band from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada formed in 1992 Gob is a Canadian punk rock band from Langley British Columbia formed in 1994 Today, Vancouver is home to a lively independent music scene, including bands such as The New Pornographers, Destroyer, Frog Eyes, The Organ, Veda Hille and Black Mountain; notable independent labels based in the city include Nettwerk and Mint. The New Pornographers is a Canadian Indie rock supergroup formed in 1997 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Destroyer is a Canadian Indie rock band that is fronted by Singer-songwriter Dan Bejar. Frog Eyes are an Indie rock band from Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The Organ was a Canadian Indie pop band formed in 2001 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Veda Hille (born August 11, 1968 in Vancouver British Columbia) is a Canadian Singer-songwriter. Black Mountain is a Canadian Psychedelic rock -band composed of Stephen McBean Amber Webber Matt Camirand Jeremy Schmidt and Joshua Wells Nettwerk is a large Vancouver British Columbia based Record label and music management firm Mint Records is a Vancouver British Columbia, Canada -based Independent record label founded in January 1991. Vancouver also produced influential metal band Strapping Young Lad and pioneering electro-industrial bands Skinny Puppy and Front Line Assembly; the latter's Bill Leeb is better known for founding ambient pop super-group Delerium. Strapping Young Lad was a Canadian Extreme metal band formed by Devin Townsend in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1995 Electro-industrial is a musical outgrowth of the EBM and Post-industrial scene Skinny Puppy is an industrial band formed in Vancouver, BC, Canada in 1982. Front Line Assembly (sometimes written as Frontline Assembly, also known by the Acronym FLA) is a Canadian Electro-industrial bandformed Bill Leeb {born Wilhelm Anton Leeb, 21 September 1957, Vienna, Austria) is a Electronic musician. Delerium is a band from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, formed in 1987 originally as a side project of the influential Industrial music Other popular musical artists who made their mark from Vancouver include Bryan Adams, Sarah McLachlan, Michael Buble, Nickelback, Heart (band), Diana Krall, Prism, Trooper, Chilliwack, Loverboy, Payola$, Images In Vogue, The Grapes of Wrath and Spirit of the West. {Otherpeople|Brian Adams}} Bryan Adams OC, OBC, (born Bryan Guy Adams on November 5, 1959) is a Canadian rock Sarah Ann McLachlan, OC, OBC (born January 28, 1968) is a Grammy -winning Canadian Musician, singer and Michael Steven Bublé (ˈbuːbleɪ or boo-BLAY (born 9 September, 1975) is a Canadian Big band singer and Actor. Nickelback is a Canadian rock band formed in Hanna Alberta by Chad Kroeger, Mike Kroeger, Ryan Peake and then-drummer Heart is a rock band whose founding members came from the Seattle, Washington, scene but came together in Vancouver, British Columbia Diana Jean Krall, OC, OBC (born November 16, 1964) is a Canadian Jazz Pianist and Singer. Prism is a Canadian rock band formed in Vancouver in 1976. It has had a variety of lineups including Ron Tabak (vocals Trooper is a Juno Award winning Canadian rock band that developed from a group formed by vocalist Ramon McGuire and guitarist Brian Smith in Loverboy is a Canadian rock group formed in 1980 in Calgary Alberta. The Payolas (or Payola$) were part of Vancouver's new wave of bands and active in the Canadian music scene for a decade from the late 1970s Images in Vogue was a Canadian New Wave group in the 1980s The band was formed in 1981 in Vancouver, and originally consisted of vocalist The Grapes of Wrath are a Canadian Folk rock band who were one of Canada's most successful pop bands in the late 1980s and early 1990s before disbanding in 1992 Spirit of the West are a Canadian Folk rock band who were popular on the Canadian Folk music scene in the 1980s before evolving a blend of [125] Notable hip hop artists from Vancouver include the Rascalz, Swollen Members, and Sweatshop Union. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. Rascalz are a hip hop group from Vancouver, British Columbia, who played a crucial role in the artistic and commercial development of Canadian hip Swollen Members are a hip hop group from Vancouver British Columbia, consisting principally of the duo Mad Child and Prevail Sweatshop Union is a Canadian hip hop collective formed in 2000 when four politically-minded rap acts &ndash Dirty
Larger performances are usually held at venues such as GM Place, Queen Elizabeth Theatre, BC Place Stadium or the Pacific Coliseum, while smaller acts are held at places such as the Plaza of Nations, the Commodore Ballroom, the Orpheum Theatre and the Vogue Theatre (currently closed). General Motors Place (nicknamed The Garage and GM Place) sponsored by General Motors Canada, is an indoor arena at 800 Griffiths Way in The Queen Elizabeth Theatre is a performing arts venue in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Pacific Coliseum is an indoor arena at Hastings Park, in Vancouver British Columbia. The Plaza of Nations was an entertainment complex located on the northeast shore of False Creek in Vancouver British Columbia The Commodore Ballroom is a renowned music venue dance floor and Nightclub located on 800 block of Granville Street in Vancouver, British Columbia The Orpheum is a theatre and music venue in Vancouver, British Columbia. The Vancouver Folk Music Festival and the Vancouver International Jazz Festival showcase music in their respective genres from around the world. The Vancouver Folk Music Festival takes place every third Weekend of July The Vancouver International Jazz Festival is an annual summer event in Vancouver, Canada.
Vancouver's large Chinese population has a significant music scene, which has produced several Cantopop stars. Cantopop (Chinese 粵語流行曲 is a colloquial Portmanteau for " Cantonese popular music ". Similarly, various Indo-Canadian artists and actors have a profile in Bollywood or other aspects of India's entertainment industry. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
Nightlife in Vancouver had, for years, been seen as restricted in comparison to other cities, with early closing times for bars and night clubs, and a reluctance by authorities to allow for further development. However, since 2003 Vancouver has experimented with later closing hours and relaxed regulations, and an effort has been made to develop the Downtown core even further as an entertainment district, especially on and around Granville Street. The Granville Entertainment District is an area in Downtown Vancouver known for its vast assortment of bars and danceclubs and nightlife Granville Southbound Aug 21 2005jpg|thumb|250px|right|A southbound view of Granville Street Downtown]] Granville Street is a major street in Vancouver, British Columbia [126]
Sports and recreation
The mild climate of the city and close proximity to ocean, mountains, rivers and lakes make the area a popular destination for outdoor recreation. There have been a wide variety of sports in Vancouver since the city was founded Indeed, Vancouver has a low adult obesity rate of 12% compared to the Canadian average, 23%; however, while 51% of Vancouverites are considered overweight, it is the fourth thinnest city in Canada after Toronto, Montreal, and Halifax. Obesity is a condition in which excess Body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec See also Halifax Nova Scotia See also Halifax Regional Municipality municipal election 2008 Halifax Regional Municipality is the capital [127][128]
Vancouver has over 1,298 hectares (3,200 acres) of parks, with Stanley Park being the largest at 404 hectares (1,000 acres). [129] The municipality also has several large beaches, many adjacent to one another, with the largest groups extending from the coast of Stanley Park before reaching False Creek, and on the other side of English Bay, starting in the Kitsilano neighbourhood all the way to the University Endowment Lands, which are separate from Vancouver. The University Endowment Lands ( UEL) is an unincorporated area immediately west of the City of Vancouver, British The 18 kilometres (11 miles) of beaches that surround Vancouver include English Bay (First Beach), Jericho, Kitsilano Beach, Locarno, Second Beach (Stanley Park), Spanish Bank East, Spanish Bank Extension, Spanish Bank West, Sunset, and Third Beach (Stanley Park). Kitsilano Beach is one of the most popular beaches in Vancouver, especially in the warm summer months For the financial institution see Banco de España. The Spanish Banks are a series of beaches in the city of Vancouver, Canada [130] The coastline provides for many types of water sport, and the city is a popular destination for boating enthusiasts.
The nearby North Shore Mountains are home to three ski areas, Cypress Mountain, Grouse Mountain, and Mount Seymour. The North Shore Mountains are a range of mountains overlooking the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Cypress Mountain is a ski area in West Vancouver British Columbia, Canada, located in the southern section of Cypress Provincial Park. Grouse Mountain is one of the North Shore Mountains overlooking Vancouver British Columbia, Canada. Mount Seymour is a Mountain located in Mount Seymour Provincial Park in the District of North Vancouver, British Columbia. Each are within 20 to 30 minutes (driving time) of downtown Vancouver. Mountain bikers have created world-renowned trails across the North Shore. Mountain biking entails the Sport of riding Bicycles off-road often over rough terrain whether riding specially equipped Mountain bikes or hybrid road bikes The Capilano River, Lynn Creek, Seymour River, within 20 minutes (driving time) of downtown, provide opportunities to whitewater enthusiasts during periods of rain and spring melt. The Capilano River, flowing north to south through the Coast Mountains, is located on Vancouver 's North Shore and empties into Burrard Inlet, Whitewater is formed in a Rapid, when a River 's gradient drops enough to disturb its Laminar flow and create Turbulence, i
Running races include the Vancouver Sun Run (a 10 km race) every April; the Vancouver Marathon is held every May and Scotiabank Vancouver Half-Marathon held every June. The Vancouver Sun Run, sponsored by The Vancouver Sun newspaper is a 10km race held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada each year on the The Vancouver International Marathon is an annual race held on the first Sunday of May each year in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Vancouver will be the host city for the 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games and the 2009 World Police and Fire Games. 2010 Winter OlympicsThe 2010 Winter Paralympics, officially known as the X Paralympic Winter Games, will be celebrated in Vancouver and Whistler, British The World Police and Fire Games (WPFG are a biennial athletic event open to active and retired law enforcement and fire service personnel throughout the world Swangard Stadium, in nearby Burnaby, hosted some games for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Swangard Stadium is a 5288 seat Stadium in Burnaby British Columbia. The 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the sixteenth edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup (formerly called FIFA World Youth Championship hosted by Canada from
Vancouver is exploring a joint bid for Vancouver and Seattle to host the 2028 Summer Olympics. The 2028 Summer Olympics, which will be officially known as the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad, is an international athletic event that has yet to be organized by the A multi-national bid would be a first for the Olympics as an International Olympic Committee rule currently requires that the Olympics be awarded to a single city. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games Vancouver and Seattle both believe that the logistics can be overcome and have cited that the travel time between Seattle and Vancouver is similar to the travel time between Whistler, British Columbia and Vancouver. Whistler is a Resort town in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia
Professional sports teams
Media
Vancouver is the centre of the province's news media, with most national media chains having an office in the city. The Vancouver Canucks are a Professional Ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America General Motors Place (nicknamed The Garage and GM Place) sponsored by General Motors Canada, is an indoor arena at 800 Griffiths Way in The Vancouver Giants are a major Junior ice hockey team playing in the Western Hockey League (WHL Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. This article refers to the junior Western Hockey League For other leagues with the same name see Western Hockey League (disambiguation. Pacific Coliseum is an indoor arena at Hastings Park, in Vancouver British Columbia. In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in The Vancouver Canadians are a minor league Baseball team located in Vancouver, British Columbia. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Part of the History of baseball series Minor league baseball is a hierarchy of Professional baseball leagues in North The Northwest League of Professional Baseball (or simply the Northwest League) is a Short-Season A classification minor league Nat Bailey Stadium (known affectionately as " The Nat " is home to the Vancouver Canadians of the Northwest League and also plays host to For information about the original NASL team see Vancouver Whitecaps (NASL. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered History In 1996 the United Systems of Independent Soccer Leagues established the new Select League consisting of its strongest teams from its professional FIFA History The W-League's inaugural season was in 1995 Originally called the United States Interregional Women's League it later changed its name to the W-League Swangard Stadium is a 5288 seat Stadium in Burnaby British Columbia.
English-language media
Both of the city's major daily newspapers, The Vancouver Sun and The Province, are published by the Pacific Newspaper Group Inc. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. The Vancouver Sun is a daily newspaper first published in the Canadian province of British Columbia on February 12, 1912 The Province is a daily Newspaper published in British Columbia by the Pacific Newspaper Group Inc, a CanWest Global Communications Canwest Global Communications Corp () operating under the corporate brand Canwest, is one of Canada 's largest International media companies In recent years, The Globe and Mail, a national newspaper based in Toronto, has added a section for local content in an effort to improve its circulation in Vancouver. The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English language nationally distributed Newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities
Other mainstream newspapers include the free 24 Hours, Metro, the twice-a-week Vancouver Courier, and the Westender. 24 hours is a chain of Free daily newspapers published in Canada by Sun Media, a subsidiary of Quebecor Media. Metro International is a Swedish media company based in Luxembourg that publishes the Metro newspapers The Vancouver Courier is a Canadian semiweekly Local newspaper published in Vancouver, British Columbia by CanWest Global Independent newspapers include The Georgia Straight (a weekly), The Republic and Only. The Georgia Straight is a free Canadian weekly News and Entertainment newspaper published in Vancouver The Republic is a liberal local paper published fortnightly since 2000, in East Vancouver an area of Vancouver Only is a free Canadian bi-monthly News and Entertainment Magazine published in Vancouver British
Television stations include CBC, Citytv, CTV and Global TV. CBUT is the CBC 's Television station in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and the flagship CBC-TV station for the Pacific CKVU-TV is a Television station based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. CIVT-TV (also known as CTV British Columbia, CTV Vancouver or CTV 9) is a Television station in Vancouver, British Columbia BCTV redirects here For the former Boston Catholic Television see CatholicTV. Radio stations with news departments include CBC Radio One, CKNW and CKWX. CBU is a Canadian Radio station, which broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network in Vancouver, British Columbia CKNW owned by Corus Entertainment, is the highest-rated Talk radio station in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Multicultural media
The diverse ethnic make-up of Vancouver's population supports a rich range of multicultural media.
There are three Chinese-language dailies: Ming Pao, Sing Tao and World Journal. Ming Pao ( is a Chinese language Newspaper published by Ming Pao Group in Hong Kong. World Journal (世界日報 Pinyin: shì jiè rì bào officially known as Chinese Daily News in Los Angeles is a daily Chinese
Television station Channel M produces daily newscasts in Cantonese, Mandarin, Punjabi and Korean, and weekly newscasts in Tagalog. CHNM-TV (known on air as OMNI British Columbia or simply OMNI) is a Television station based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. Channel M also produces programs aimed at other cultural groups. Fairchild Group also has two television stations: Fairchild TV and Talentvision, serving Cantonese and Mandarin speaking audiences respectively. Fairchild TV or FTV (新時代電視 is a Canadian Cantonese Cable television Specialty channel.
The Franco-Columbian community is served by Radio-Canada outlets CBUFT channel 26 (Télévision de Radio-Canada), CBUF-FM 97. Franco-Columbians or Franco-Colombiens are French Canadians or French speaking Canadians ( Francophones) living in the Pacific CBUFT is Radio-Canada 's Television station in Vancouver, serving Francophones in British Columbia. Télévision de Radio-Canada is a Canadian French language Television network. CBUF is a Canadian Radio station, which broadcasts the programming of Radio-Canada 's Première Chaîne network in Vancouver, 7 (Première Chaîne) and CBUX-FM 90. Première Chaîne is a Canadian French language radio network the news and information service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation / Société CBUX-FM is a Canadian radio station which broadcasts SRC 's Espace musique network at 90 9 (Espace musique). Espace musique is the French-language music radio service of Canada 's national public broadcaster the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
Vancouver is also home to British Columbia's longest running Ukrainian radio program, Nash Holos. Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Nash Holos (Наш Голос Our Voice) is British Columbia 's longest-running Ukrainian Radio program, based in Vancouver.
Affiliated cities and municipalities
The City of Vancouver was one of the first cities in Canada to enter into an international twinning arrangement. [131] Special arrangements for cultural, social and economic benefits have been created with these sister cities. [55] These sister cities are:
Odessa, Ukraine (1944)
Yokohama, Japan (1965)
Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (1978)
Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (1985)
Los Angeles, California, United States (1986)
Seoul, South Korea (2007)
There are 21 municipalities in Metro Vancouver. ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture, located in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshū and is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Metro Vancouver, legally the Greater Vancouver Regional District, is the inter-municipal body or regional district, charged with certain aspects While each of these has a separate municipal government, the Metro government oversees common services within the metropolitan area such as water, sewage, transportation, and regional parks.
See also
References
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- ^ Population by selected ethnic origins, by census metropolitan areas (2001 Census), Statistics Canada (2001).
- ^ Visible minorities (2001 census). Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2006-10-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
- ^ Canada's ethnocultural portrait: Canada. Statistics Canada (2001). Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
- ^ Community Highlights for VancouverStatistics Canada (2001 census). Statistics Canada ((2001 census data)). Retrieved on 2006-10-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
- ^ Community Services, Social Planning. Multiculturalism and Diversity: Vancouver's Diverse Population. City of Vancouver.
- ^ Marriage for Same-Sex Couples in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada. Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
- ^ Sponsorship 2006 (PDF). Vancouver Pride Society. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ City of Vancouver Population (PDF). Vancouver Public Library. Retrieved on 2007-02-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio ; British Columbia Regional District and Municipal Census Populations (PDF). BC Stats. Retrieved on 2007-04-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) ; British Columbia Municipal and Regional District 1996 Census Results. BC Stats. Retrieved on 2007-04-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) ;British Columbia Municipal and Regional District 2001 Census Results. BC Stats. Retrieved on 2007-04-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) ;Davis, Chuck (1997). The Greater Vancouver Book: An Urban Encyclopedia. Surrey, BC: Linkman Press, 780. ISBN 978-1896846002.
- ^ Port Facts. Vancouver Port Authority. Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign
- ^ Why visit Vancouver?. Tourism Vancouver. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Bula, Frances. "Vancouver is 13th least affordable city in world", Vancouver Sun, Monday, January 22, 2007.
- ^ Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey: 2006. Wendell Cox Consultancy. Retrieved on 2006-11-12. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days
- ^ Housing Affordability. RBC Financial Group. Retrieved on 2006-09-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again
- ^ Survey of Canadian Average House Prices in the First Quarter 2007 (PDF). Economics/Research. Royal LePage (29 March 2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
- ^ For Many From Hong Kong, Vancouver Is a Way Station (html). HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure New York Times Hong Kong (14 February 1997). Retrieved on 2007-04-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
- ^ "Homelessness could triple by 2010: Report", CBC, 21 September 2006.
- ^ Expo '86. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ Vancouver Charter. Queen's Printer (British Columbia). Retrieved on 2007-06-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins
- ^ Davis, Chuck (1997). The Greater Vancouver Book: An Urban Encyclopaedia. Surrey, British Columbia: Linkman Press, 39–47. ISBN 978-1896846002.
- ^ Andrea Barbara Smith (1981). "The Origins of the NPA: A Study in Vancouver Politics". MA thesis. . University of British Columbia
- ^ Four Pillars Drug Strategy. City of Vancouver (2001). Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ From Grief to Action. From Grief to Action. Retrieved on 2006-11-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
- ^ Maxwell, Gillian. Keeping the Door Open. AIDS Vancouver. Retrieved on 2006-11-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
- ^ Vancouver Votes November 19, 2005. City of Vancouver. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Police Services Division, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, Province of British Columbia (2006) Police and Crime: Summary Statistics: 1984–2005, pages 101, 106–110, 151, 154. ISSN 1198-9971
- ^ Welcome to "E" Division. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ Beyond the Call (PDF). Annual Report 2005. Vancouver Police Department (2005). Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ Vancouver Police Department Operating Results (PDF). Vancouver Police Board (April 2005).
- ^ 2005 Annual Report (PDF). City of Vancouver (2005).
- ^ Mounted Squad: Patrol District One. Vancouver Police Department. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ Police Operations. City of Vancouver. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ Vancouver Police Board minutes of June 14, 2006 (PDF). City of Vancouver (June 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ Howell, Mike (June 16, 2006). VPD's war on terror 'requires a lot of legwork'. Vancouver Courier. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ Vancouver Police Department Drug Policy (PDF). Vancouver Police Department. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ "Growbusters", CBC, 26 July 2000. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ Burrows, Mathew. "Who You Gonna Call?", The Republic, 21 February 2002.
- ^ a b Vancouver crime statistics. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ Beyond the Call (PDF). Annual Report 2005. Vancouver Police Department (2005).
- ^ CBC News. "Vancouver property crime down in 2005", 2006-01-12. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Retrieved on 2006-09-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
- ^ Beyond the Call (PDF). Annual Report 2005. Vancouver Police Department (2005).
- ^ http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?k=19079&id=4b651ab1-e729-44a9-86d3-79a1ddc84689
- ^ Davis, Chuck. The History of Metropolitan Vancouver. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ Davis, Chuck. The History of Metropolitan Vancouver. Retrieved on 2006-11-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ Millar, Royce. "No freeways puts Vancouver on top", The Age, 2006-09-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Retrieved on 2006-11-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ 2006 Transportation Plan (PDF). TransLink (December 2005). Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ District Review Report, School District No. 39 Vancouver (PDF). British Columbia Education (June 2005). Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ New Jersey university to open campus here, By Janet Steffenhagen, Vancouver Sun, B1, Published June 19, 2007
- ^ Davis, Chuck; Harold Kalman (1997). Greater Vancouver Book: An Urban Encyclopaedia. Surrey, BC: Linkman Press, 185–196. ISBN 978-1896846002.
- ^ Kalman, Harold (1974). Exploring Vancouver: Ten Tours of the City and its Buildings. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 160–161. ISBN 0774800283.
- ^ Kalman, Harold (1974). Exploring Vancouver: Ten Tours of the City and its Buildings. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 22,24,78. ISBN 0774800283.
- ^ Marine Building. Archiseek. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ Davis, Chuck. The History of Metropolitan Vancouver. Rattenbury. Vancouver History. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ a b c Vancouver High-rise buildings (in feet). Emporis Buildings. Retrieved on 2007-02-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio
- ^ Vancouver High-rise buildings. Emporis Buildings. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ Downtown Vancouver Skyline Study (PDF). Special Council Meeting Minutes. City of Vancouver (7 and 23 April 1997).
- ^ General Policy for Higher Buildings (PDF). City of Vancouver (6 May 1997).
- ^ Living Shangri-La, Vancouver. Emporis Buildings. Retrieved on 2008-03-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
- ^ Vancouverism: Definitions Vancouverism. Canadian Architect. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
- ^ Welcome from Kathleen Bartels, Director of the Vancouver Art Gallery. Vancouver Art Gallery. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ Mission and Priorities. Alliance for Arts and Culture. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ John Lucas. D.O.A.’s punk veterans won’t give up the fight. The Georgia Straight. Retrieved on 2007-05-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ Buium, Greg. "Sound and Fury: Reliving Vancouver’s punk explosion", CBC, 15 April 2005. Retrieved on 2007-01-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
- ^ Gooch, Bryan N. S. . Vancouver, BC:1945–91. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica. Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ "Police take aim at Vancouver's entertainment district", CBC, 7 November 2006. Retrieved on 2007-01-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
- ^ Regional differences in obesity. Health Reports. Statistics Canada (22 August 2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
- ^ Kirkey, Sharon. "Suburban Sprawl", CanWest News Service, 2006-08-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Retrieved on 2006-11-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ About the Park Board. Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign
- ^ Thomas, Sandra. "City gets into the swim of things", Vancouver Courier, 19 May 2006. Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign
- ^ Smith, Patrick J. and Kennedy Stewart (2003). "Beavers and Cats Revisited: Creatures and Tenants versus Municipal Charter(s) and Home Rule" (PDF). . Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queen's University Retrieved on 2007-01-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
External links
- Official website - City of Vancouver
- Official Travel and Tourism Information - Tourism Vancouver
- Vancouver 2010 - Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, Official Web Site
- Vancouver in the BC Geographical Names Information System
- Vancouver is at coordinates Coordinates:
- Arts and Culture - Alliance for Arts and Culture
- Vancouver History Site - Chuck Davis
- Vancouver travel guide from Wikitravel
- Vancouver's Mountain Playground — Illustrated Historical Essay and movie clip (McCord Museum, Montreal)
A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.
Dictionary
Vancouver
-proper noun
- A family name.
- A large island off the coast of British Columbia, Canada.
- A large city and seaport in British Columbia, Canada
- A city in the State of Washington, USA.
- A mountain between Alaska and Canada in the Saint Elias Mountains.
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