| Valentinian III | |
| Emperor of the Western Roman Empire | |
 Solidus minted in Thessalonica to celebrate Valentinian III's marriage to Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II. The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern The solidus (the Latin word for solid) was originally a Gold coin issued by the Romans. Licinia Eudoxia (422-462 was a Roman Empress, daughter of Eastern Emperor Theodosius II and wife of the Western Emperors Valentinian III and Flavius Theodosius ( 10 April, 401 – July 28, 450) called the Calligrapher, known in English as Theodosius II, was On the reverse, the three of them in their wedding costume. |
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| Reign | 423-424 (Caesar in the west); 425 - 16 March 455 (emperor in the west) |
|---|---|
| Full name | Flavius Placidius Valentinianus |
| Born | 2 July 419 |
| Birthplace | Ravenna |
| Died | 16 March 455 (aged 35) |
| Predecessor | Honorius |
| Successor | Petronius Maximus |
| Wife | Licinia Eudoxia |
| Issue | Two daughters, Eudocia and Placidia, married to Huneric and Olybrius |
| Dynasty | Valentinian |
| Father | Constantius III |
| Mother | Galla Placidia |
Flavius Placidius Valentinianus (July 2, 419 – March 16, 455), known in English as Valentinian III, was among the last Western Roman Emperors (425-455). Events By Place Western Roman Empire On the death of Honorius, Joannes, a primicerius notariorum Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Future Emperor Valentinian III is appointed Caesar. Caesar (plural Caesars Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares is a Title of imperial character For the US area code see Area code 425. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Events By Place Western Roman Empire March 16 — Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Events By Place Europe Theodorid succeeds Wallia as king of the Visigoths. Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Events By Place Western Roman Empire March 16 — Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge Flavius Honorius ( September 9, 384 &ndash August 15, 423) was Roman Emperor (393- 395 and then Western Roman Emperor Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus (c 396 - May 31 455) was a Roman aristocrat and briefly Western Roman Emperor with the designation Licinia Eudoxia (422-462 was a Roman Empress, daughter of Eastern Emperor Theodosius II and wife of the Western Emperors Valentinian III and Eudocia, or Eudoxia (439 &ndash 466/474? was the eldest daughter of Roman emperor Valentinian III and his wife Licinia Eudoxia. Huneric or Honeric (died December 23, 484) was King of the Vandals (477 – 484 and the oldest son of Geiseric. Flavius Anicius Olybrius, Western Roman Emperor with the designation and name Dominus Noster Flavius Anicius Olybrius Augustus from March 23 or July The Valentinian Dynasty, consisting of four emperors ruled the Western Roman Empire from 364 to 392 and the Eastern Roman Empire from 364 to 378 Flavius Constantius (died 2 September 421) whose name is traditionally Anglicized as Constantius III, was a late Roman general politician Aelia Galla Placidia (392 – November 27, 450) was the Empress consort of Constantius III, Western Roman Emperor. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Events By Place Europe Theodorid succeeds Wallia as king of the Visigoths. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Events By Place Western Roman Empire March 16 — Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern For the US area code see Area code 425. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Events By Place Western Roman Empire March 16 — Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge
Contents |
Life
Born in the western capital of Ravenna, Valentinian was the only son of later Emperor Constantius III and Galla Placidia, daughter of the Emperor Theodosius I and granddaughter of Emperor Valentinian I. Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Flavius Constantius (died 2 September 421) whose name is traditionally Anglicized as Constantius III, was a late Roman general politician Aelia Galla Placidia (392 – November 27, 450) was the Empress consort of Constantius III, Western Roman Emperor. Flavius Theodosius (January 11 347 – January 17 395 also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great ( Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄ Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, ( 321 - November 17, 375) was Roman Emperor from 364 until his death After the death of his father (421), he followed his mother and his sister (Justa Grata Honoria) to Constantinople, when Galla broke with her brother, Emperor Honorius, and went to live at the court of Theodosius II. Justa Grata Honoria was the sister of the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Flavius Honorius ( September 9, 384 &ndash August 15, 423) was Roman Emperor (393- 395 and then Western Roman Emperor Flavius Theodosius ( 10 April, 401 – July 28, 450) called the Calligrapher, known in English as Theodosius II, was He is supposed to have been a near relative of the Pope Celestine I. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Pope
In 423, Honorius died, and the usurper Joannes took the power in Rome. Events By Place Western Roman Empire On the death of Honorius, Joannes, a primicerius notariorum Usurpers are individuals or groups of individuals who obtain and maintain the power or rights of another by force and without legal authority Joannes or Ioannes was a Roman usurper (423-425 against Valentinian III. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 To counter this menace, Theodosius nominated Valentinian Caesar of the west (October 23, 424), and betrothed him to his own daughter Licinia Eudoxia (Valentinian would marry her in 437). Caesar (plural Caesars Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares is a Title of imperial character Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Future Emperor Valentinian III is appointed Caesar. Licinia Eudoxia (422-462 was a Roman Empress, daughter of Eastern Emperor Theodosius II and wife of the Western Emperors Valentinian III and 437 can also refer to MS-DOS Code page 437. Events By Place Roman Empire October 29 — Valentinian In 425, after Joannes had been defeated in war, Valentinian was installed Western Emperor in Rome, on October 23, at the age of six. For the US area code see Area code 425. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC -
Given his minority, the new Augustus ruled under the control first of his mother, and then, after 433, of the Magister militum Flavius Aëtius. Augustus (plural augusti) Latin for "majestic" "the increaser" or "venerable" was an Ancient Roman For the John Cage composition see 4′33″. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Petronius Maximus becomes Consul Magister militum ( Latin for "Master of the Soldiers" was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Aëtius is also the name of several other persons Flavius Aëtius or simply Aëtius, (c Valentinian's reign is marked by the dismemberment of the Western Empire; the conquest of the province of Africa by the Vandals in 439; the final abandonment of Britain in 446; the loss of great portions of Spain and Gaul, in which the barbarians had established themselves; and the ravaging of Sicily and of the western coasts of the Mediterranean Sea by the fleets of Geiseric. The Roman province of Africa was established after the Romans defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Licinia Eudoxia, wife of the Emperor Valentinian III, is granted the title of ''Augusta'' Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Events By place British Isles The Cor Tewdws (Collage of Theodosius Llantwit Major is burned down Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Geiseric the Lame (c 389 &ndash January 25, 477) also spelled as Gaiseric or Genseric, was the King of the Vandals
As an off-set against these calamities, there was the great victory of Roman general Aëtius over Attila the Hun in 451 near Chalons. Aëtius is also the name of several other persons Flavius Aëtius or simply Aëtius, (c Events By Place Western Roman Empire April 7 — The Huns sack Metz. Aëtius had also campaigned successfully against the Visigoths in southern Gaul (426, 429, 436), and against various invaders on the Rhine and Danube (428-431). The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Events By Place Europe King Gunderic of the Vandals becomes king of the Alans as well (approximate Events By Place Western Roman Empire Vandals under Geiseric cross from the Iberian Peninsula Events By Place Western Roman Empire The Huns attack the Burgundians, wiping out the royal family The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Events By Place Europe Geiseric becomes King of the Vandals and Alans. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Aëtius pushes the Franks back across the Somme.
The burden of taxation became more and more intolerable as the power of Rome decreased, and the loyalty of its remaining provinces was seriously impaired in consequence. Ravenna was Valentinian's usual residence; but he fled to Rome on the approach of Attila, who, after ravaging the north of Italy, died in the following year (453). Events By Place Europe Theodoric II succeeds his brother Thorismund as king of the Visigoths.
In 454 Aëtius, whose son had married a daughter of the emperor, was treacherously murdered by Valentinian. Events By Place Western Roman Empire September 21 — During a meeting in his throne room in Ravenna, Emperor Valentinian On March 16 of the following year, however, the emperor himself was assassinated in Rome, by two of the barbarian followers of Aëtius. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king These retainers may have been put up to the act by Petronius Maximus, a wealthy senator who the following day March 17 had himself proclaimed emperor by the remnants of the Western Roman army after the paying of a large donative. Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus (c 396 - May 31 455) was a Roman aristocrat and briefly Western Roman Emperor with the designation Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger He was not as prepared as he thought to take over and restabilize the depleted empire, however; after a reign of eleven weeks, Maximus was murdered by a Roman mob. King Gaiseric and his Vandals captured Rome a few days later and sacked it for two weeks. The second of three Barbarian sacks of Rome, the sack of 455 was at the hands of the Vandals, then at war with the usurping Western Roman
Valentinian not only lacked the ability to govern the empire in a time of crisis, but aggravated its dangers by his self-indulgence and vindictiveness.
In literature
Valentinian III was dramatized by John Fletcher in his play Valentinian, c. John Fletcher (1579 &ndash 1625 was a Jacobean Playwright. Following William Shakespeare as house playwright for the King's Men, he was Valentinian is a Jacobean era stage play a Revenge tragedy written by John Fletcher was that originally published in the first Beaumont 1612 (published 1647).
References
Primary sources
- Prosper Chronicles
- Jordanes, Gothic History
- Sidonius Apollinaris
Secondary sources
- Oost, Galla Placidia Augusta, University Press, Chicago, 1968. Saint Prosper of Aquitaine (c 390 – c 455 a Christian writer and disciple of Saint Augustine of Hippo, was the first continuator of Jerome 's Universal Jordanes (also Jordanis or even Iornandes) was a 6th century Roman Bureaucrat, who turned his hand to History later in life For the Franco-Irish saint see Sidonius of Saint-Saëns. Gaius Sollius (Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius or Saint Sidonius Apollinaris
- Jones, A. H. M. , The Later Roman Empire A. D. 284-602, Volume One. Johns Hopkins Unbiversity Press, Baltimore, 1986.
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
External links
Media related to Valentinian III from the Wikimedia Commons. - Mathisen, Ralph, "Valentinian III", De Imperatoribus Romanis.
| Preceded by Honorius |
Western Roman Emperor 425–455 |
Succeeded by Petronius Maximus |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Flavius Placidius Valentinianus |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Valentinian III |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Emperor of the Western Roman Empire |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 2, 419 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Ravenna |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 16, 455 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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