| Vänern | |
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| Coordinates | |
| Primary inflows | Klarälven |
| Primary outflows | Göta älv |
| Basin countries | Sweden |
| Surface area | 5,650 km²[1] |
| Average depth | 27 m[1] |
| Max. In Hydrology, the inflow of a Body of water is the source of the Water in the body of water Klarälven ("The clear river" in Swedish) is a River flowing through Norway and Sweden. In Hydrology, the discharge or outflow of a River is the volume of Water transported by it in a certain amount of time The Göta älv is a River that drains lake Vänern into Kattegat, and the North Sea, at the city of Gothenburg on the western A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 depth | 106 m[1] |
| Water volume | 153 km³[1] |
| Surface elevation | 44 m[1] |
| Islands | Brommö, Djurö, Fågelö, Hammarö, Kållandsö, Lurö |
| References | [1] |
Vänern [IPA: 'væːnærɳ] is the largest lake in Sweden and the third largest lake in Europe. A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. It is located in the counties of Västergötland, Dalsland, and Värmland. The Counties of Sweden, or Län, are the first level administrative and political Subdivisions of Sweden. is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative Provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish situated in the southwest of Sweden. Dalsland is one of the traditional Swedish provinces ( landskap) in the south west of Sweden. is a historical province or landskap in the west of middle Sweden.
Contents |
History
Geologically, it was formed after the last ice age about 10,000 years ago; when the ice melted, the entire width Sweden was covered in water, creating a strait between Kattegat and the Gulf of Bothnia. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets The Kattegat ( Danish) or Kattegatt ( Swedish) is a sea area bounded by Jutland ( Denmark and extreme north Germany) The Gulf of Bothnia (Pohjanlahti Bottniska viken ie Bottenviken + Bottenhavet is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea. Due to the ensuing isostatic rebound, lakes such as Vänern and Vättern became pursed off. Post-glacial rebound (sometimes called continental rebound, isostatic rebound, isostatic adjustment or post-ice-age isostatic recovery) Vättern is the second largest Lake (by surface area in Sweden, after Lake Vänern. As a result, there are still species remaining from the ice age not normally encountered in fresh water lakes.
Geography
Lake Vänern covers an area of 5,655 km². To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 It is located at 44 m above sea level and is on average 27 m deep. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface The maximum depth of the lake is 106 m. [2]
Geographically, it is situated in the area of Götaland, divided into several Swedish provinces: The western body of water is known as the Dalbosjö, with its main part belonging to Dalsland; the eastern body is known as Värmlandsjön, its northern parts belonging to Värmland and the southern to Västergötland. Götaland ( Gothia, Gothland, Gothenland, Gotland, Gautland, Geatland is one of three lands of Sweden The provinces of Sweden, Landskap, are historical geographical and cultural regions Dalsland is one of the traditional Swedish provinces ( landskap) in the south west of Sweden. is a historical province or landskap in the west of middle Sweden. is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative Provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish situated in the southwest of Sweden.
Its main tributary is Klarälven, which flows into the lake near the city of Karlstad, on the northern shore. Klarälven ("The clear river" in Swedish) is a River flowing through Norway and Sweden. Karlstad is a city in Värmland, Sweden. The city has 58544 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 83500 It is drained to the south-west by Göta älv, which forms part of the Göta Canal waterway, to Lake Viken into Lake Vättern, southeast across Sweden. The Göta älv is a River that drains lake Vänern into Kattegat, and the North Sea, at the city of Gothenburg on the western For the 1981 Swedish film see Göta kanal eller Vem drog ur proppen? The Göta Canal (Göta kanal is a Swedish Canal Viken (the bay or the wick) is a historical district surrounding the Oslofjord in southeastern Norway. Vättern is the second largest Lake (by surface area in Sweden, after Lake Vänern.
The economic opportunities Lake Vänern offers are illustrated by the surrounding towns, having been located there for centuries, supporting themselves by fishing and allowing easy transportation to other cities or west by Göta älv to the sea of Kattegat. The Göta älv is a River that drains lake Vänern into Kattegat, and the North Sea, at the city of Gothenburg on the western The Kattegat ( Danish) or Kattegatt ( Swedish) is a sea area bounded by Jutland ( Denmark and extreme north Germany) This directly includes: Karlstad (chartered in 1584), Kristinehamn (1642), Mariestad (1583), Lidköping (1446) Vänersborg (1644), Åmål (1643), Säffle (1951), and indirectly Trollhättan (1916). Karlstad is a city in Värmland, Sweden. The city has 58544 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 83500 A charter is the grant of authority or rights stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified Kristinehamn is a town (pop around 18000 in the province Värmland in western Sweden and the seat of Kristinehamn Municipality, Värmland County Mariestad is a city (pop 20000; area 10 km² in Västergötland, Sweden and the seat of Mariestad Municipality, Västra Götaland County Lidköping is a town (pop 25000 in Västergötland, western Sweden and the seat of Lidköping Municipality, Västra Götaland County. Vänersborg is a city (pop 35000 in Västergötland, Sweden and the seat of Vänersborg Municipality, Västra Götaland County. Åmål ( is a town situated on the western shore of Lake Vänern in the traditional province of Dalsland, Sweden and the seat of Åmål Säffle is a town in the Swedish traditional province Värmland and the seat of Säffle Municipality, Värmland County. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Trollhättan ( is a city (pop 53952 (2007 in Västergötland, Sweden, and the seat of Trollhättan Municipality, Västra Götaland Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
Around the island Djurö, in the middle of the lake, lies the Djurö archipelago, which has been given national park status as Djurö National Park. Djurö National Park is a Swedish National park consisting of the Djurö Archipelago, a group of about 30 islands in Sweden's biggest lake Lake Vänern
The ridge (plateau mountain) Kinnekulle is a popular tourist attraction located near the south-eastern shore of Lake Vänern. Kinnekulle is a hill or ridge in the province of Västergötland, Sweden, It is located on the eastern shore of lake Vänern. It has the best view over the lake (about 270 m above the lake level).
Environment
Environmental monitoring studies are conducted annually. In a 2002 report, the data showed no marked decrease in overall water quality, but a slight decrease in visibility due to an increase of algae. Algae ( sing. alga are a large and diverse group of simple typically Autotrophic organisms ranging from Unicellular to Multicellular forms An increasing level of nitrogen had been problematic during the 1970s through 1990s, but is now being regulated and is at a steady level. Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14
Some bays also have problems with eutrophication and have become overgrown with algae and plant plankton. Eutrophication is an increase in chemical Nutrients -- typically compounds containing Nitrogen or Phosphorus -- in an Ecosystem, and may occur Plankton consist of any drifting Organisms ( Animals Plants Archaea, or Bacteria) that inhabit the Pelagic zone of
Fish
Lake Vänern has many different fish species. Locals and government officials try to enforce fishing preservation projects, due to various threats to the fish habitats. These threats include water cultivation in the tributaries, pollution and the M74 syndrome. Sport fishing in Lake Vänern is still free and unregulated, both from the shores and from boats (with some restrictions, e. g. a maximum of three salmon or trout per person and day). Only commercial fishing requires permission.
In the open waters of Lake Vänern, the most common fish is the smelt, dominating in the eastern Dalbosjön, where the average is 2,600 smelt per hectare. Smelts are a Family, Osmeridae, of small Anadromous Fish. They are common in the North American Great Lakes and in the lakes The second most common fish is the vendace (Coregonus albula), also most prominently in Dalbosjön, with 200-300 fish per hectare. The populations may vary greatly between years though, depending on temperature, and the water level and quality.
The fish in Lake Vänern are important for the industry of the towns around it. In 2001, 165 tons (165,000 kilograms) of vendace, 100 tons of whitefish, and 25 tons of eel were caught.
Salmon
Lake Vänern has two sub-groups of lake salmon known as Vänern salmon. They are native to Lake Vänern and spawn in the adjacent lakes. The first sub-group is named after the eastern tributary Gullspångsälven as the Gullspång salmon. The second is the Klarälv salmon, mainly spawning in the Klarälven. Klarälven ("The clear river" in Swedish) is a River flowing through Norway and Sweden. These sub-groups are related to Baltic Sea salmon, and they have developed in Lake Vänern for 9,000 years. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. They are notable in that they have never entered the ocean.
These large lake salmon are known to weigh some 18 kilograms; the world's largest lake salmon, exceeding 20 kilograms, was caught in Lake Vänern; it is arguably the most desired catch for sport fishers. Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. There are also three other species of salmon-like fishes in the connecting rivers. Salmonidae is a family of Ray-finned fish, the only living family of the order Salmoniformes.
Other fishes
Basically all common fresh water fish are found in Lake Vänern. The most important large fish are trout, bass and zander. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family Bass (ˈbæs is a name shared by many different species of popular Gamefish. Zander is a Species of Fish. The scientific name is Sander lucioperca (or Stizostedion lucioperca) and it is closely allied to Perch The most important small fish is the stickleback. The Gasterosteidae are a family of Fish including the sticklebacks.
Vänern has five distinguished species of whitefish:
- Coregonus pallasii (also common in Neva, Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea)
- Lacustrine fluvial whitefish (Coreganus megalops)
- Coreganus maxillaris (population mainly known around Sweden)[3]
- Coregoni nilssoni
- Valaam whitefish (Coreganus widegreni)
- Coregonus maxillaris
Birds
The most common birds near Lake Vänern are terns and gulls of different kinds. Coregonus Linnaeus, 1758 is a Genus of Fish in the Salmon family (family Salmonidae) Terns are Seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily (Sterninae of the gull family Laridae (van Tuinen et al Gulls (often informally Seagulls) are birds in the family Laridae
Cormorants vanished in the 19th century, but have since returned and are flourishing. The Bird family Phalacrocoracidae is represented by some 40 Species of cormorants and shags. This has contributed to the increase in the population of sea eagles, who feed on cormorants. A sea eagle (also called erne or ern) is any of a group of birds of prey in the Genus Haliaeetus in the Bird However, fishermen are not so happy, as cormorants raid their nets.
More rare species are the Black-throated diver and the Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), with hardly a dozen nests around Vänern; and the Caspian tern with hardly a dozen specimens. Black-throated Diver ( Gavia arctica) known in North America as Arctic Loon, is a medium-sized member of the Loon or diver family Turnstones are the bird Species in the Genus Arenaria in the family Scolopacidae. The Caspian Tern ( Hydroprogne caspia, formerly Sterna caspia; syn
References
- ^ a b c d e f Seppälä, Matti (2005), The Physical Geography of Fennoscandia, Oxford University Press, p. 145, <http://books.google.com/books?id=q33WekTp7tgC&pg=PA145>
- ^ World Lakes Database
- ^ Fishbase
External links
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