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Ursodiol
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 3α,7β-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | ? |
| PubChem | ? |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C24H40O4 |
| Mol. mass | 392. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one 56 g/mol |
| SMILES | & |
| Synonyms | ursodeoxycholic acid, Actigall, Ursofalk, Urso, Urso Forte |
| Physical data | |
| Melt. point | 203 °C (397 °F) |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
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| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
Ursodiol, also known as ursodeoxycholic acid and the abbreviation UDCA, is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria. This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. In Pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered Dose of unchanged drug that reaches the Systemic circulation, one of Drug metabolism is the Metabolism of drugs, their Biochemical modification or degradation usually through specialized enzymatic systems The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug radioactive nuclide or other to lose half of its pharmacologic physiologic or radiologic activity Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical if it is used as directed by the mother during The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction In Pharmacology and Toxicology, a route For the HTML tag see HTML element. An abbreviation (from Latin brevis "short" Bile acids (also known as bile salts are Steroid Acids found predominantly in the Bile of Mammals. Primary bile acids are produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals The gallbladder (or cholecyst sometimes gall bladder is a small organ whose function in the body is to store Bile and aid in the digestive process When secreted into the colon, primary bile acids can be metabolized into secondary bile acids by intestinal bacteria. Primary and secondary bile acids help the body digest fats. Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water Ursodeoxycholic acid helps regulate cholesterol by reducing the rate at which the intestine absorbs cholesterol molecules while breaking up micelles containing cholesterol. Cholesterol is a Lipid found in the Cell membranes and transported in the Blood plasma of all Animals It is an essential component of mammalian In Anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the Stomach to the Anus and in humans and other mammals consists A micelle (rarely micella, plural micelles) is an aggregate of Surfactant molecules dispersed in a liquid Colloid. Because of this property, ursodeoxycholic acid is used to treat (cholesterol) gallstones non-surgically. In Medicine, gallstones (choleliths are Crystalline bodies formed within the body by accretion or concretion of normal or abnormal Bile component
While some bile acids are known to be colon tumor promoters (eg. deoxycholic acid), others such as ursodeoxycholic acid are chemopreventive, perhaps by inducing cellular differentiation and/or cellular senescence in colon epithelial cells. [1]
Ursodeoxycholic acid has also been shown experimentally to suppress immune response such as immune cell phagocytosis. An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor Phagocytosis is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the Cell membrane to form an internal Phagosome, or "food vacuole Increased quantities of systemic (throughout the body, not just in the digestive system) ursodeoxycholic acid can be toxic.
Bile acids are important signaling molecules that help regulate the regrowth of liver tissue, recent research has shown. The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals Ursodeoxycholic acid has been used as an experimental tool in liver regrowth studies. There is a possible link between the immune-repression and liver-regeneration properties of this substance, but clinical studies have yet to confirm these suspicions.
As a pharmaceutical
Ursodeoxycholic acid goes by the trade names Actigall, Ursofalk, Urso, and Urso Forte. In Italy, it is marketed under the name Deursil.
Ursodeoxycholic acid can be chemically synthesized and was brought to market by the Montreal-based Axcan Pharma in 1998, which continues to market the drug. Axcan Pharma Inc ( is a Mont-Saint-Hilaire Quebec based leading specialty pharmaceutical company that develops manufactures markets and distributes a broad line of
The drug reduces cholesterol absorption and is used to dissolve (cholesterol) gallstones in patients who want an alternative to surgery. Cholesterol is a Lipid found in the Cell membranes and transported in the Blood plasma of all Animals It is an essential component of mammalian In Medicine, gallstones (choleliths are Crystalline bodies formed within the body by accretion or concretion of normal or abnormal Bile component A patient is any person who receives medical attention care or treatment. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental The drug is very expensive, however, and if the patient stops taking it, the gallstones recur. For these reasons, it has not supplanted surgical treatment by cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy (/ˌkɔləsɪsˈtɛktəmi/ plural cholecystectomies is the surgical removal of the Gallbladder.
It is used to treat primary biliary cirrhosis and other cholestatic diseases. Primary biliary cirrhosis is an Autoimmune disease of the Liver marked by the slow progressive destruction of the small bile ducts ( Bile canaliculi) within In Medicine, cholestasis is a condition where Bile cannot flow from the Liver to the Duodenum. [2][3] In children it is used in biliary atresia,[2] which is a cause of neonatal jaundice. Biliary atresia is a rare condition in newborn infants in which the common Bile duct between the Liver and the Small intestine is Neonatal jaundice is a yellowing of the Skin and other tissues of a newborn Infant.
Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces elevated liver enzyme levels by facilitating bile flow through the liver and protecting liver cells.
The drug is generally not derived from animals. However, it is believed more than 12,000 bile bears are kept on farms in China, Vietnam and South Korea for the purpose of harvesting ursodeoxycholic acid. A bile bear or battery bear is the term used for Asiatic black bears kept in captivity in Vietnam and China so that Bile may be extracted from them for sale as a [4] Ursodeoxycholic acid is found in large quantities in bear bile.
References
- ^ Akare S, Jean-Louis S, Chen W, Wood DJ, Powell AA, Martinez JD (2006). "Ursodeoxycholic acid modulates histone acetylation and induces differentiation and senescence". Int. J. Cancer 119 (12): 2958–69. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 17019713.
- ^ a b Smith T, Befeler AS (2007). "High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis". Current gastroenterology reports 9 (1): 54–9. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 17335678.
- ^ Jackson H, Solaymani-Dodaran M, Card TR, Aithal GP, Logan R, West J (2007). "Influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on the mortality and malignancy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: A population-based cohort study". Hepatology 46 (4): 1131–1137. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 17685473.
- ^ Richard Black. "BBC Test kit targets cruel bear trade", BBC News, 11 Jun 2007.
External links
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