| Comune di Urbino | |
|---|---|
 Municipal coat of arms |
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| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Marche |
| Province | Pesaro and Urbino (PU) |
| Mayor | Corbucci Franco |
| Elevation | 451 m (1,480 ft) |
| Area | 228 km² (88 sq mi) |
| Population (as of December 31, 2004) | |
| - Total | 15,441 |
| - Density | 68/km² (176/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Urbinati |
| Dialing code | 0722 |
| Postal code | 61029 |
| Patron | St. Crescentinus |
| - Day | June 1 |
| Website: www.comune.urbino.ps.it | |
| Historic Centre of Urbino* | |
|---|---|
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
.jpg/200px-Chiesa_San_Donato_(Urbino).jpg) |
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| State Party | Italy |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv |
| Reference | 828 |
| Region† | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1998 (22nd Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO. |
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Urbino is a walled city in the Marche region in Italy, south-west of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Marche (plural originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Pesaro and Urbino (Provincia di Pesaro e Urbino is a province in the Marche region of Italy. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 Saint Crescentinus (San Crescentino Crescenziano (died June 1, 303) is the Patron saint of Urbino whose feast day is celebrated Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex As of 2008 there are a total of 878 World Heritage Sites located in 145 "State Parties" Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. Asia Minor, Cyprus, all of the Aegean Islands, the Canaries A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The Marche (plural originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Pesaro is a town and Comune in the Italian region of the Marche, capital of the Pesaro e Urbino province, on the Adriatic. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Federico da Montefeltro, also known as Federico III da Montefeltro ( Castello di Petroia, June 7, 1422 &ndash Ferrara, September The town, nestled on a high sloping hillside, retains much of its picturesque medieval aspect, only slightly marred by the large car parks below the town. It hosts the University of Urbino, founded in 1506, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Urbino (see below). The University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" ( Italian Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", UNIURB is an Italian university located in Urbino Its best-known architectural piece is the Palazzo Ducale, rebuilt by Luciano Laurana. The Ducal Palace (Palazzo Ducale is a Renaissance building in the Italian city of Urbino in the Marche.
Contents |
History
The modest Roman town of Urvinum Mataurense ("the little city on the river Mataurus") became an important strategic stronghold in the Gothic wars of the 6th century, captured in 538 from the Goths by the champion of the Emperor of the East, Belisarius, and frequently mentioned by the Byzantine historian Procopius. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Flavius Belisarius (Βελισάριος (505(? – 565 was one of the greatest Generals of the Byzantine Empire and one of the most acclaimed generals in history Procopius of Caesarea ( Προκόπιος ο Καισαρεύς, c Though Pippin presented Urbino to the Papacy, independent traditions were expressed in its commune, until, around 1200 it came into the possession of the fighting nobles of nearby Montefeltro. Pepin or Pippin (714 &ndash 24 September 768) called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was Montefeltro is the name of an historical Italian family who ruled Urbino and Rimini Although these noblemen had no direct authority over the commune, they could pressure it to elect them to the position of podestà (potestas, "power"), a title that Bonconte di Montefeltro managed to obtain in 1213, with the result that the "urbinati" rebelled and formed an alliance with the independent commune of Rimini (1228), finally regaining control of the town in 1234. For information on the phantom island of the same name see Podesta (island. Eventually, though, the Motefeltro noblemen took control once more, and held it until 1508. In the struggles between the Guelphs and Ghibellines (factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire), associated with individual families and cities, rather than the struggle between Hohenstaufen emperors and the Papacy as they had been, the 13th and 14th century Montefeltro lords of Urbino were leaders of the Ghibellines of the Marche and in the Romagna region. The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy Romagna is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna.
The most famous member of the Montefeltro was Federico, lord (duca) of Urbino from 1444 to 1482, a very successful condottiere, a skillful diplomat and an enthusiastic patron of art and literature. Condottieri (singular condottiero, rarely condottiero) were Mercenary leaders employed by the Italian City-states from the Late Middle At his court, Piero della Francesca wrote on the science of perspective, Francesco di Giorgio Martini wrote his Trattato di architettura ("Treatise on Architecture") and Raphael's father, Giovanni Santi, wrote his poetical account of the chief artists of his time. Piero della Francesca (c 1412 &ndash October 12, 1492) was an Italian artist of the Early Renaissance. Francesco di Giorgio Martini (baptised September 23, 1439 – 1502 was an Italian painter of the Sienese School, a sculptor an architect Raphael Sanzio, usually known by his first name alone (in Italian Raffaello) (April 6 or March 28 1483 – April 6 1520 was an Italian painter and Giovanni Santi x (c 1435 &ndash August 1 1494) was an Italian painter and Poet, father of Raphael. Federico's brilliant court, according to the descriptions in Baldassare Castiglione's Il Cortegiano ("The Book of the Courtier"), set standards of what was to characterize a modern European "gentleman" for centuries to come. Baldasare Castiglione, count of Novellata ( December 15, 1478 &ndash February 28, 1529) was an Italian Courtier, The Book of the Courtier (Il Cortegiano was written by Baldassare Castiglione over the course of many years beginning in 1508 and published in 1528 just The term gentleman (from Latin gentilis, belonging to a race or "gens" and "man" Cognate with the French word gentilhomme (See Federico da Montefeltro for full biography. Federico da Montefeltro, also known as Federico III da Montefeltro ( Castello di Petroia, June 7, 1422 &ndash Ferrara, September )
In 1502, Cesare Borgia, with the connivance of his Papal father, Alexander VI, dispossessed Guidobaldo da Montefeltre, duke of Urbino, and Elisabetta Gonzaga. ( September 13, 1475 &ndash March 12, 1507) Duke of Valentinois, and Romagna, Prince of Andria and Venafro Pope Alexander VI ( 1 January 1431 &ndash 18 August 1503) born Roderic Llançol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja ( They returned in 1503, after Alexander had died. After the Medici pope Leo X's brief attempt to establish a young Medici as duke, thwarted by the early death of Lorenzo II de' Medici in 1519, Urbino was ruled by the dynasty of Della Rovere dukes (see also War of Urbino). Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici ( September 12 September 9 ---> 1492 &ndash May 4 April 5 ---> 1519 was the Della Rovere is a noble historical family of Italy Coming from modest beginnings in Savona, Liguria, the family rose to prominence through Nepotism The War of Urbino ( 1517) was a secondary episode of the Italian Wars.
In 1626, Pope Urban VIII definitively incorporated the Duchy into the papal dominions, the gift of the last Della Rovere duke, in retirement after the assassination of his heir, to be governed by the archbishop. Pope Its great library was removed to Rome and added to the Vatican Library in 1657. The Vatican Library ( Latin: Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana) is the Library of the Holy See, currently located in Vatican City. The later history of Urbino is part of the history of the Papal States and, after 1861, of the Kingdom (later Republic) of Italy. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa Italy, united in 1861, has significantly contributed to the cultural and social development of the entire Mediterranean area
See also: Dukes of Urbino
Archbishops of Urbino
The first known bishop in Urbino was Leontius, made Bishop of Rimini by Gregory the Great in 592. The Duchy of Urbino was a sovereign state of northern Italy The first lords of Urbino were the Montefeltro who obtained the title of counts from Emperor Frederick The cathedral was not permitted within the walls by the independent-spirited commune until 1021, under Bishop Theodoricus. Among a long list of bishops of interest within the Roman Catholic Church, Oddone Colonna (1380), later reigned as Pope Martin V. Pope Martin V (c 1368 &ndash February 20, 1431) born Odo (or In 1563 Pius IV made the see metropolitan, independent of Rimini, with its own suffragans: Cagli, Senigallia, Pesaro, Fossombrone, Montefeltro, and Gubbio. Pope Pius IV ( March 31, 1499 &ndash December 9, 1565) born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565 A suffragan bishop is a Bishop subordinate to a Metropolitan bishop or Diocesan bishop. The Italian Catholic diocese of Cagli e Pergola, in Marche in the Province of Pesaro and Urbino, existed until 1986 The Italian Catholic diocese of Fossombrone existed in the Province of Pesaro until 1986 when it was united into the Diocese of Fano-Fossombrone-Cagli-Pergola. In 2000, Urbino lost its status as metropolitan see, while remaining an archdiocese[1]. In Hierarchical Christian churches the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the Diocesan bishop or In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop.
Maiolica
The clay earth of Urbino, which still supports industrial brickworks, supplied a cluster of earthenware manufactories (botteghe) making the tin-glazed pottery known as maiolica. Maiolica designates Italian Tin-glazed pottery dating from the Renaissance. Simple local wares were being made in the 15th century at Urbino, but after 1520 the Della Rovere dukes, Francesco Maria I della Rovere and his successor Guidobaldo II, encouraged the industry, which exported wares throughout Italy, first in a manner called istoriato using engravings after Mannerist painters, then in a style of light arabesques and grottesche after the manner of Raphael's stanzi at the Vatican. Francesco Maria I della Rovere ( March 22, 1490 &ndash October 20, 1538) was an Italian Condottiero, who was Guidobaldo II Della Rovere ( April 2, 1514 &ndash September 28, 1574) was an Italian Condottiero, who was Mannerism is a period of European art which emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. Other centers of 16th century wares in the Duchy of Urbino were at Gubbio and Castel Durante. Gubbio is a town and Comune in the far northeastern part of the Italian Province of Perugia ( Umbria) It is located on the first slope of Mt For the 2000 film see Urbania (film Urbania is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian The great name in Urbino majolica was that of Nicolo Pillipario's son Guido Fontana.
Main sights
Palaces and public edifices
- The main attraction of Urbino is the Palazzo Ducale, begun in the second half of the 15th century by Federico II da Montefeltro. The Ducal Palace (Palazzo Ducale is a Renaissance building in the Italian city of Urbino in the Marche. It houses the Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, one of the most important collections of Renaissance paintings in the world. The Ducal Palace (Palazzo Ducale is a Renaissance building in the Italian city of Urbino in the Marche. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere
- Other interesting buildngs include Palazzo Albani (17th century), Palazzo Odasi and Palazzo Passionei.
- The Albornoz Fortress (known locally as La Fortezza), built by the eponymous Papal legate in the 14th century[2]. Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz ( Italian: Egidio Albornoz; 1310 - August 23 1367) was a Spanish cardinal and In 1507-1511, when the Della Rovere added a new series of walls to the city, the rock was enclosed in them. It is now a public park.
- Raphael's house and monument (1897).
Churches
- The Duomo (cathedral) is a church founded in 1021 over a 6th century religious edifice. Duomo is a generic Italian term for a Cathedral church The formal word for a church that is presently a cathedral is cattedrale; a This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral The 12th century plan was turned 90 degrees from the current one, which is a new construction also started by Federico II and commissioned to Francesco di Giorgio Martini, author of the Ducal Palace. Francesco di Giorgio Martini (baptised September 23, 1439 – 1502 was an Italian painter of the Sienese School, a sculptor an architect Finished only in 1604, the Duomo had a simple plan with a nave and two aisles, and was destroyed by an earthquake in 1789. The church was again rebuilt by the Roman architect Giuseppe Valadier, the works lasting until 1801. Giuseppe Valadier ( April 14, 1762 &ndash February 1, 1839) was an Italian architect and designer urban planner and archeologist a chief exponent The new church has a typical neo-classicist appearance, with a majestic dome. Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and A dome is a common structural element of Architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a Sphere. It houses a San Sebastian from 1557, an Assumption by Carlo Maratta (1701) and the famous Last Supper by Federico Barocci (1603-1608). Carlo Maratta or Maratti ( May 13, 1625 - December 15 1713) was an Italian painter of High Baroque, active mostly in Rome Federico Barocci (1528&ndash1612 was an Italian Renaissance painter and Printmaker.
- The church of San Giovanni Battista, with frescoes by Lorenzo Salimbeni da Sanseverino
- Sant'Agostino, built in Romanesque style in the 13th century, but largely modified in the following centuries. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which The façade has a late-14th century almond portal in Gothic-Romanesuqe style, while the interior is greatly decorated. It houses a precious carved choir from the 6th century, manufactured for the marriage of Costanzo Sforza and Camilla of Aragona. The bell tower is from the 15th century.
- San Francesco (14th century), originally a Gothic-Romanesque edifice of which an 18th century restoration has left only the portico and the bell tower. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. A portico is a Porch that is leading to the entrance of a building or extended as a Colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway supported by Columns The interior has a nave and two aisles, and houses the Pardon of St. Francis, a 15th century work by Barocci.
- The Oratory of San Giuseppe (early 16th century), composed of two chapels: one of which contains a 16th century presepio or Nativity scene by Federico Brandani, the stucco figures are lifesize and highly naturalistic. Federico Brandani (1522/1525 &ndash 1575 was an Italian sculptor and stuccoist who worked in an urbane Mannerist style as a court artist of Guidobaldo II della
Outside the city is the Church of San Bernardino, housing the tombs of the Dukes of Urbino.
Other points of interest
People from Urbino
- Federico III da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino, medieval condottiere and patron of the arts. Federico da Montefeltro, also known as Federico III da Montefeltro ( Castello di Petroia, June 7, 1422 &ndash Ferrara, September Condottieri (singular condottiero, rarely condottiero) were Mercenary leaders employed by the Italian City-states from the Late Middle
- Donato Bramante was born nearby, and witnessed Laurana's work going up while he was a youth
- Raphael was born at Urbino, where his family's house is a museum-shrine
Others notable people from Urbino include:
- Giovanni Santi, painter and poet, father of Raphael, was born nearby
- Ottaviano Petrucci, inventor of the music print with movable type, was born nearby
- Bartolomeo Carusi, theologian and professor at Bologna and Paris
- Federico Commandini (1509), mathematician
- Federico Barocci, painter
- Federico Zuccari and Taddeo Zuccari, painters, were born nearby
- Bernardino Baldi, mathematician and writer
- Polydore Vergil or Virgil, chronicler in England
- Clorinda Corradi [2], lyrical singer (1804-1877)
- Umberto Piersanti, poet
- Raffaello Carboni, Writer. Donato Bramante (1444 – March 11, 1514) was an Italian Architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance Raphael Sanzio, usually known by his first name alone (in Italian Raffaello) (April 6 or March 28 1483 – April 6 1520 was an Italian painter and Giovanni Santi x (c 1435 &ndash August 1 1494) was an Italian painter and Poet, father of Raphael. Ottaviano Petrucci ( June 18, 1466 – May 7 1539) was an Italian printer Federico Barocci (1528&ndash1612 was an Italian Renaissance painter and Printmaker. Federico Zuccari, also known as Federigo Zuccaro (c 1542/ 1543 - July 20 1609) was an Italian Mannerist painter Taddeo Zuccaro or Zuccari ( September 1 1529 - September 2 1566) was an Italian painter one of the most popular members of the Bernardino Baldi ( June 5, 1533 - October 12, 1617) was an Italian Mathematician and writer Polydore Vergil or Virgil (c 1470 &ndash April 18 1555) was an English Historian, of Italian birth otherwise known as Clorinda Corradi; ( Urbino, November 27, 1804 &ndash Santiago, June 29, 1877) was an Italian Opera Raffaello Carboni ( December 15 1817 - October 24 1875) was an Italian Writer. The author of the main eyewitness account of events at the Eureka Stockade in Ballarat, Australia.
- Valentino Rossi, multiple MotoGP World Champion
Sources
- Negroni, F. Valentino Rossi (born February 16 1979 in Urbino) is an Italian professional motorcycle racer and multiple MotoGP World Champion Overview A Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix was first organized by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM in 1949 (1993). Il Duomo di Urbino.
External links
References
- ^ Catholic Hierarchy page
- ^ According to other sources, the castle was instead built by Albornoz's successor as legate in Urbino, Anglico Grimoard (1367-1371)[1]
Images of Urbino Architecture and Townscape: http://flickr.com/photos/peteshep/sets/72157605549994850/
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