Uppsala öd, Old Norse: Uppsala auðr or Uppsala øðr (Uppsala domains or wealth of Uppsala) was the name given to the collection of estates which was the property of the Swedish Crown in medieval Sweden. Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. [1] Its purpose was to finance the Swedish king, originally the "king of Uppsala",[2] and they supported the king and his retinue while he travelled through the country. [3] There was one estate of this kind in most hundreds and it was usually called Husaby. [2][3] It was the home of the king's tax collector,[2] and it was at the local estate of Uppsala öd that the people of the hundred delivered the taxes in form of goods. [3] The estates were most common in Svealand. Svealand ( or (rarely or historically Sweden Proper is the historical core region of Sweden. [3]
Its origins are prehistoric and unknown, but according to a tradition documented by the 13th century historian Snorri Sturluson it originated as a donation given by the god Freyr to the Temple at Uppsala which he founded. Snorri Sturluson (1178 – September 23, 1241) was an Icelandic historian poet and politician "Frey" redirects here For other uses of Frey and Freyr, see Frey (disambiguation. The Temple at Uppsala was a religious site in Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala near modern Uppsala, Sweden, that was created to worship the Norse gods [1][3]
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Freyr reisti at Uppsölum hof mikit, ok setti þar höfuðstað sinn; lagði þar til allar skyldir sínar, lönd ok lausa aura; þá hófst Uppsala auðr, ok hefir haldist æ síðan. [4] |
Frey built a great temple at Upsal, made it his chief seat, and gave it all his taxes, his land, and goods. Then began the Upsal domains, which have remained ever since. [5] |
It was stated in the Swedish medieval laws that Uppsala öd was to follow the royal institution intact without any lost property. [1] The full extent of Uppsala öd is unknown, but individual estates are enumerated in the Law of Hälsingland and in the younger Westrogothic law. See also Medieval Scandinavian laws Västgötalagen or the Westrogothic law is the oldest Swedish text written in the Latin script [1]
However, during the 13th century, the system became obsolete for the king and then many of the estates passed to the nobility and the church, in spite of the laws that forbade any diminuation of the property. [1][3] The reasons for this was that the king's subjects began to pay monetary taxes. [3]
Uppsala öd was the first foundation of Swedish state property. [2]
A selection of estates belonging to Uppsala öd
- Old Uppsala
- Husby at Vendel
- Old Sigtuna
- Husaby
- Ränninge on Fogdö
- Hovgården on Adelsö
Notes and references
- ^ a b c d e The article Uppsala öd in Nationalencyklopedin (1996). Gamla Uppsala ("Old Uppsala" is a parish and a village outside Uppsala in Sweden. Vendel is a parish in the Swedish province of Uppland.The village overlooks a long inland stretch of water Vendelsjön near which the Vendel river has its confluence with the Fornsigtuna ( forn means ancient) Old Sigtun, Sithun, Sign(hildsberg or Signesberg ( is located in the parish of Husaby, near Kinnekulle, is a village belonging to Götene municipality in the province of Västergötland, Sweden. Hovgården is an archaeological site on the Lake Mälaren island of Adelsö in Ekerö Municipality in central-eastern Sweden. Adelsö is an island in the middle of Lake Mälaren in Sweden, near southern and northern Björkfjärden. Nationalencyklopedin ( NE) is the most comprehensive contemporary Swedish language Encyclopedia, initiated by a government grant
- ^ a b c d The article Uppsala öd in Nordisk familjebok (1920). Nordisk familjebok (en Nordic familybook is a Swedish Encyclopedia, published between 1876 and 1957
- ^ a b c d e f g Hadenius, Stig; Nilsson, Torbjörn & Åselius, Gunnar. (1996). Sveriges historia. Centraltryckeriet, Borås. ISBN 91-34-51-857-6 p. 83-84.
- ^ Ynglinga saga at «Norrøne Tekster og Kvad», Norway.
- ^ Translation by Samuel Laing at Northvegr.
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