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University of Bonn
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Established: 1818
Type: Public university
President: Matthias Winiger
Staff: 4,100[1]
Students: 27,000[1]
Location: Bonn, Germany Flag of Germany
Campus: Urban
Affiliations: Europaeum
Website: http://www.uni-bonn.de
Data as of June 2007

The University of Bonn (German: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common University president is the title of the highest ranking officer within a University, within university systems that prefer that appellation over other variations such as Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation Verb "studēre" Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Europaeum is a loose organisation of ten leading European universities. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages June 2007 is the sixth month of that year It began on a Friday and 30 days later ended on a Saturday. Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Founded in 1818 the University of Bonn is today one of the largest universities in Germany. Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The University of Bonn offers a large number of undergraduate and graduate programs in a range of subjects. Its library holds more than two million volumes. The University of Bonn has more than 500 professors and 27,000 students. Among its notable alumni and faculty are six Nobel Laureates, one Fields Medalist, Pope Benedict XVI, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche and Joseph Schumpeter. The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two three or four Mathematicians not over 40 years of age at each International Congress of the International Mathematical Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist Joseph Alois Schumpeter ( February 8, 1883 &ndash January 8, 1950) was an Economist and Political scientist born in

Contents

History

The university's forerunner was the Kurkölnische Akademie Bonn (English: Academy of the Prince-elector of Cologne) which was founded in 1777 by Maximilian Frederick of Königsegg-Rothenfels, the prince-elector of Cologne. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl Maximilian Frederick of Königsegg-Rothenfels (German Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels) ( May 13 1708 – April 15 1784 In the spirit of the Enlightenment the new academy was nonsectarian. The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century The academy had schools for theology, law, pharmacy and general studies. In 1784 Emperor Joseph II granted the academy the right to award academic degrees (Licentiat and Ph. Heir and co-regent Joseph was born in the midst of the early upheavals of the War of the Austrian Succession. D. ), turning the academy into a university. The academy was closed in 1798 after the left bank of the Rhine was occupied by France during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states

The university founder Frederick William III of Prussia.
The university founder Frederick William III of Prussia. Early life The son of King Frederick William II of Prussia, Frederick William was born in Potsdam and became Crown Prince in 1786 when his father ascended

The Rhineland became a part of Prussia in 1815 as a result of the Congress of Vienna. The Rhineland ( Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Shortly after the seizure of the Rhineland, on April 5, 1815, the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm III promised the establishment of a new university in the new Rhine province (German: den aus Landesväterlicher Fürsorge für ihr Bestes gefaßten Entschluß, in Unsern Rheinlanden eine Universität zu errichten). Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Early life The son of King Frederick William II of Prussia, Frederick William was born in Potsdam and became Crown Prince in 1786 when his father ascended At this time there was no university in the Rhineland, as all three universities that existed until the end of the 18th century were closed as a result of the French occupation. The Kurkölnische Akademie Bonn was one of these three universities. The other two were the Roman-catholic University of Cologne and the Protestant University of Duisburg. The University of Cologne ( German Universität zu Köln) is one of the oldest universities in Europe and with over 44000 students one The old University of Duisburg was a university in Duisburg. History Its origins date back to the 1555 decision to create a university for the unified

The new Rhein University (German: Rhein-Universität) was then founded on October 18, 1818, by the Prussian king Frederick William III. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Early life The son of King Frederick William II of Prussia, Frederick William was born in Potsdam and became Crown Prince in 1786 when his father ascended It was the sixth Prussian University, founded after the universities in Greifswald, Berlin, Königsberg, Halle and Breslau. The University of Greifswald (full name Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald is located in Greifswald, For other universities in Berlin see List of Universities in Berlin. The University of Königsberg (Albertus-Universität Königsberg was the University of Königsberg, East Prussia. The Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg also referred to as MLU, is a public University in the cities of The University of Wrocław (Uniwersytet Wrocławski Universität Breslau Universitas Wratislaviensis is one of nine universities in Wrocław, Poland The new university was equally shared between the two Christian denominations. This was one of the reasons why Bonn, with its tradition of a nonsectarian university, was chosen over Cologne and Duisburg. Apart from a school of Roman-catholic theology and a school of Protestant theology, the university had schools for medicine, law and philosophy. Inititally 35 professors and eight adjunct professors were teaching in Bonn.

The university constitution was adopted in 1827. In the spirit of Wilhelm von Humboldt the constitution emphasized the autonomy of the university and the unity of teaching and research. Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand Freiherr von Humboldt ( June 22, 1767 April 8, 1835) government functionary Similar to the University of Berlin, which was founded in 1810, the new constitution made the University of Bonn a modern research university. For other universities in Berlin see List of Universities in Berlin. research universities have a long history that arguably dates back to the founding of the University of Bologna in 1088 although the University of Paris and the University

Only one year after the inception of the Rhein University the dramatist August von Kotzebue was murdered by Karl Ludwig Sand, a student at the University of Jena. A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or Drama. August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (ˈaʊgʊst fɔn ˈkɔtsəbu May 3, 1761 &ndash March 23, 1819) was a German Dramatist Karl Ludwig Sand ( Wunsiedel, then in Prussia, October 5, 1795 - Mannheim, May 20, 1820) was a German Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was renamed for the German writer Friedrich Schiller The Carlsbad Decrees, introduced on September 20, 1819 lead to a general crackdown on universities, the dissolution of the Burschenschaften and the introduction of censorship laws. The Carlsbad Decrees were a set of social restrictions introduced in the German Confederation by Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich on 20 September German Burschenschaften (abbreviated B!, plural B!B!) are a special type of Studentenverbindungen One victim was the author and poet Ernst Moritz Arndt, who, freshly appointed university professor in Bonn, was banned from teaching. Ernst Moritz Arndt ( December 26, 1769 - January 29, 1860) was a German patriotic author and Poet. Only after the death of Frederick William III in 1840 he was reinstated in his professorship. Early life The son of King Frederick William II of Prussia, Frederick William was born in Potsdam and became Crown Prince in 1786 when his father ascended Another consequence of the Carlsbad Decrees was the refusal by Frederick William III to confer the chain of office, the official seal and an official name to the new university. The Carlsbad Decrees were a set of social restrictions introduced in the German Confederation by Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich on 20 September Early life The son of King Frederick William II of Prussia, Frederick William was born in Potsdam and became Crown Prince in 1786 when his father ascended The Rhein University was thus nameless until 1840, when the new King of Prussia, Frederick William IV gave it the official name Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität. Life Frederick William was educated by private tutors many of whom were experienced civil servants such as Friedrich Ancillon.

Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz was a professor of chemistry at the University of Bonn from 1867 to 1896.
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz was a professor of chemistry at the University of Bonn from 1867 to 1896. Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (also August Kekulé) (7 September 1829 &ndash 13 July 1896 was a German organic chemist.

Despite this problems the university grew and attracted famous scholars and students. At the end of the 19th century the university was also known as the Prinzenuniversität (English:Princes' university), as many of the sons of the king of Prussia studied here. In 1900 the university had 68 chairs, 23 adjunct chairs, two honorary professors, 57 Privatdozenten and six lecturers. Private docent (abbreviates PD or Priv-Doz) is a title conferred in some European university systems especially in German -speaking countries Since 1896 women were allowed to attend classes as guest auditors at universities in Prussia. In 1908 the University of Bonn became fully coeducational.

The growth of the university came to a halt with World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Financial and economic problems in Germany in the aftermath of the war resulted in reduced government funding for the university. The University of Bonn responded by trying to find private and industrial sponsors. In 1930 the university adopted a new constitution. For the first students were allowed to participate in the self-governing university administration. To that effect the student council Astag (German: Allgemeine Studenti­sche Arbeitsgemeinschaft) was founded in the same year. A students' union, student government, student senate, students' association, or guild of students is a Student Organization Members of the student council were elected in a secret ballot.

After the Nazi takeover of power in 1933 the Gleichschaltung transformed the university into a Nazi educational institution. Gleichschaltung, meaning "coordination" "making the same" "bringing into line" is a Nazi term for the process by which the According to the Führerprinzip the autonomous and self-governening administration of the university was replaced by a hierarchy of leaders resembling the military, with the university president being subordinate to the ministry of education. The, German for "leader principle" prescribes a system with a hierarchy of leaders that resembles a military structure Jewish professors and students and political opponents were ostracized and expelled from the university. The theologian Karl Barth was forced to resign and to emigrate to Switzerland for refusing to swear an oath to Hitler. Karl Barth ( May 10, 1886 &ndash December 10, 1968) (pronounced "bart" a Swiss Reformed theologian was one The Jewish mathematician Felix Hausdorff was expelled from the university in 1935 and committed suicide after learning about his impending deportation to a concentration camp in 1942. Felix Hausdorff ( November 8, 1868 &ndash January 26, 1942) was a German Mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders The philosophers Paul Ludwig Landsberg and Johannes Maria Verweyen were deported and died in concentration camps. See also List of Nazi-German concentration camps, Extermination camp Prior to and during World War II, Nazi Germany under Hitler maintained In 1937 Thomas Mann was deprived of his honorary doctorate. Paul Thomas Mann ( June His honorary degree was restored in 1946.

During the second World War the university suffered heavy damage. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including An air raid on October 18, 1944 destroyed the main building. Strategic bombing during World War II was greater in scale than any wartime attack the world had previously witnessed The university was re-opened on November 17, 1945 as one of the first in the British occupation zone. The Allied powers who defeated Nazi Germany in World War II divided the country west of the Oder-Neisse line into four occupation zones for administrative The first university president was Heinrich Mathias Konen, who was expelled from the university in 1934 because of his opposition to Nazism. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German At the start of the first semester on November 17, 1945 the university had more than 10,000 applicants for only 2500 places.

The university greatly expanded in the postwar period, in particular in the 1960s and 1970s. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Significant events of the postwar era were the relocation of the university hospital from the city center to the Venusberg in 1949, the opening of the new university library in 1960 and the opening of a new building, the Juridicum, for the School of Law and Economics in 1967. Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia

In 1980 the Pedagogigal University Bonn was merged into the University of Bonn, although eventually all the teachers education programs were closed in 2007. In 1983 the new science library was opened. In 1989 Wolfgang Paul was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Three years later Reinhard Selten was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics. Reinhard Selten ( October 5, 1930) is a German economist. Selten was born in Breslau (Wrocław in Lower Silesia The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially named The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk The decision of the German government to move the capital from Bonn to Berlin after the reunification in 1991 resulted in generous compensation for the city of Bonn. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany The compensation package included three new research institutes affiliated or closely collaborating with the university, thus significantly enhancing the research profile of the University of Bonn.

In the 2000s the university implemented the Bologna process and replaced the traditional Diplom and Magister programs with Bachelor and Master programs. The purpose of the Bologna process (or Bologna accords is to create the European higher education area by making Academic degree standards and quality assurance standards See also Diploma Diplom (from Greek Δίπλωμα Diploma) is an Academic degree in some European countries including Magister (also magistar, from lat: magister = Teacher) is an Academic degree used in various systems of higher education This process will be completed by 2007. [2]

Academics

The University of Bonn has 27,000 students, and 4,100 of these are international students. Each year about 3,000 undergraduate students are graduating. The university also confers about 800 Ph. D. s and about 60 habilitations. Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a person can achieve by their own pursuit in certain European and Asian countries More than 90 programs in all fields are offered. Strong fields as identified by the university are mathematics, physics, economics, neuroscience, medical genetics, chemical biology, Asian and Oriental studies and Philosophy and Ethics. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Neuroscience is a field devoted to the scientific study of the nervous system Medical genetics is the specialty of Medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of Hereditary disorders Medical genetics differs from Human genetics Chemical biology is a scientific discipline spanning the fields of Chemistry and Biology that involves the application of chemical techniques and tools often compounds Asian studies, a term that has largely replaced the older Oriental studies, is concerned with the Asian peoples their cultures languages history and politics Orientalism refers to the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern cultures in the West by writers designers and artists and can also refer to a sympathetic stance Ethics is a major branch of Philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life The university has a standing faculty of more than 500 professors, an academic staff of 2,100 and a support staff of 1,500. The annual budget was more than 300 million Euros in 2006. [1]

The main building, viewed from the Hofgarten.
The main building, viewed from the Hofgarten.

Schools

From the foundation in 1818 to 1928 the University of Bonn had five schools, that is, the School of Catholic Theology, the School of Protestant Theology, the School of Law and the School of Arts and Science. In 1928 the School of Law and the Department of Economics, that until then was part of the School of Arts and Science, merged into the new School of Law and Economics. In 1934 the until then independent Agricultural University Bonn-Poppelsdorf (German: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule Bonn-Poppelsdorf) was merged into the University of Bonn as the School of Agricultural Science. In 1936 the science departments were separated from the School of Arts and Science. Today the university is divided into seven schools:

Research Institutes

The Franz Joseph Dölger-Institute studies the late antiquity and in particular the confrontation and interaction of Christians, Jews and Pagans in the late antiquity. Late Antiquity (c 300-600 is a Periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in The institute edits the Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum, a German language encyclopedia treating the history of early Christians in the late antiquity. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. An encyclopedia (or '''encyclopædia''') is a comprehensive written Compendium that contains Information on either all branches of Knowledge The institute is named after the church historian Franz Joseph Dölger who was a professor of theology at the university from 1929 to 1920. [3]

The Research Institute for Discrete Mathematics focuses on discrete mathematics and its applications, in particular combinatorial optimization and the design of computer chips. Discrete mathematics, also called finite mathematics, is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete in the sense of not supporting or requiring the Combinatorial optimization is a branch of optimization. Its domain is optimization problems where the set of Feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced Microchipsjpg|right|thumb|200px|Microchips ( EPROM memory with a transparent window showing the integrated circuit inside The institute cooperates with IBM and Magma Design Automation. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Magma Design Automation ( is a Software company in the Electronic design automation (EDA industry [4] Researchers of the institute optimized the chess computer IBM Deep Blue. Deep Blue is a Chess - playing Computer developed by IBM. On 11 May 1997, the machine won a six-game match by two wins to [5]

The German Reference Center for Ethics in the Life Sciences (German: Deutsches Referenzzentrum für Ethik in den Biowissenschaften) was founded in 1999 and is modeled after the National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature at Georgetown University. Georgetown University is a Jesuit Private university located in Georgetown Washington D The center provides access to scientific information to academics and professionals in the fields of life science and is the only of its kind in Germany. [6]

The Center of Advanced European Studies and Research.
The Center of Advanced European Studies and Research. Research center caesar ( Center of Advanced European Study and Research) was founded in 1995 as part of the compensatory actions under the Berlin / Bonn law

After the German Government's decision in 1991 to move the capital of Germany from Bonn to Berlin, the city of Bonn received generous compensation from the Federal Government. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. This led to the foundation of three research institutes in 1995, of which two are affiliated with the university:

The Institute for the Study of Labor (German: Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit) is a private research institute that is funded by Deutsche Post. The Institute for the Study of Labor is a private independent economic research institute Deutsche Post AG () is a German postal, Logistics and Courier company successor to the former German state-owned mail The institute concentrates on research on labor economics, but is also offering policy advise on labor market issues. The institute also awards the annual IZA Prize in Labor Economics. The department of economics of the University of Bonn and the institute closely cooperate.

The Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (German: Max Planck-Institut für Mathematik) is part of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, a network of scientific research institutes in Germany. The Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik is a mathematical research institute located in Bonn, Germany. The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e The institute was founded in 1980 by Friedrich Hirzebruch. Friedrich EP Hirzebruch (born 17 October 1927) is a German mathematician working in the fields of Topology, Complex

The Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie) was founded in 1966 as an institute of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. The Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy is located in Bonn, Germany. It operates the radio telescope in Effelsberg. Since its inauguration in 1972, the Effelsberg 100-m Radio telescope is one of the world's largest fully steerable telescopes

The Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods (German: Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung von Gemeinschaftsgütern) started as a research group in 1997 and was founded as an institute of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in 2003. The Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods is located in Bonn, Germany. The institute studies collective goods from a legal and economic perspective.

The Electron Stretcher Accelerator ELSA at the Department of Physics.
The Electron Stretcher Accelerator ELSA at the Department of Physics.

Research

University of Bonn researchers made fundamental contributions in the sciences and the humanities. In physics researchers developed the quadrupole ion trap and the Geissler tube, discovered radio waves, were instrumental in describing cathode rays and developed the variable star designation. A quadrupole ion trap exists in both linear and 3D ( Paul Trap QIT) varieties and refers to an Ion trap that uses constant DC and Radio The Geissler tube is a glass tube for demonstrating the principles of electrical Glow discharge. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves occurring on the Radio frequency portion of the Electromagnetic spectrum. Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of Electrons observed in Vacuum tubes i Variable stars are named using a variation on the Bayer designation format of an identifying label (as described below combined with the Latin genitive In chemistry researchers made significant contributions to the understanding of alicyclic compounds and Benzene. An alicyclic compound is an Organic compound that is both Aliphatic and cyclic Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 In material science researchers have been instrumental in describing the lotus effect. The leaves of the sacred lotus flower ( Nelumbo) are characterized by a very high water repellency ( superhydrophobicity) In mathematics University of Bonn faculty made fundamental contributions to modern topology and algebraic geometry. Topology ( Greek topos, "place" and logos, "study" is the branch of Mathematics that studies the properties of Algebraic geometry is a branch of Mathematics which as the name suggests combines techniques of Abstract algebra, especially Commutative algebra, with The Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch theorem, Lipschitz continuity, the Petri net, the Schönhage-Strassen algorithm, Faltings' theorem and the Toeplitz matrix are all named after University of Bonn mathematicians. In Mathematics, more specifically in Real analysis, Lipschitz continuity, named after Rudolf Lipschitz, is a smoothness condition for functions A Petri net (also known as a place/transition net or P/T net) is one of several Mathematical Modeling languages for the description of discrete The Schönhage-Strassen algorithm is an asymptotically fast Multiplication algorithm for large Integers It was developed by Arnold Schönhage and Volker In Number theory, the Mordell conjecture stated a basic result regarding the rational number solutions to Diophantine equations It was eventually proved by Gerd In the mathematical discipline of Linear algebra, a Toeplitz matrix or diagonal-constant matrix, named after Otto Toeplitz, is a matrix University of Bonn economists made fundamental contributions to game theory and experimental economics. Game theory is a branch of Applied mathematics that is used in the Social sciences (most notably Economics) Biology, Engineering, Experimental economics is a the application of experimental methods to study economic questions Famous thinkers that were faculty at the University of Bonn include the poet August Wilhelm Schlegel, the historian Barthold Georg Niebuhr, the theologians Karl Barth and Joseph Ratzinger and the poet Ernst Moritz Arndt. August Wilhelm (later von) Schlegel ( September 8, 1767 &ndash May 12, 1845) was a German Poet, Barthold Georg Niebuhr ( August 27, 1776 &ndash January 2, 1831) was a German statesman and Historian. Karl Barth ( May 10, 1886 &ndash December 10, 1968) (pronounced "bart" a Swiss Reformed theologian was one Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Ernst Moritz Arndt ( December 26, 1769 - January 29, 1860) was a German patriotic author and Poet.

The university has nine collaborative research centres and five research units funded by the German Science Foundation and attracts more than 75 million Euros in external research funding annually. The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (abbreviated DFG, German Research Foundation in English) is an important German research funding organization The Excellence Initiative of the German government in 2006 resulted in the foundation of the Hausdorff Center for Mathematics as one of the seventeen national clusters of excellence that were part of the initiative and the expansion of the already existing Bonn Graduate School of Economics (BGSE).

Ranking

According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities compiled by researchers of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University the University Bonn is ranked in the 101-150 area internationally and in the 6-11 area nationally. The Academic Ranking of World Universities is compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University ’s Institute of Higher Education and includes major institutes of higher education ranked Shanghai Jiao Tong University ( abbreviated Jiao Da (交大 or SJTU) located in Shanghai, is one of the oldest and most influential universities [9] The Times Higher Education Supplement ranks the University of Bonn 53rd worldwide in the science category and 84th worldwide in the social science category. Times Higher Education ( THE) formerly The Times Higher Education Supplement ( THES) is a magazine based [10] Webometrics ranks the University of Bonn 126th worldwide, 32nd in Europe and 9th nationally. [11]

In national rankings the University of Bonn is ranked in the top ten by the newsmagazine Focus[12] and the German Research Foundation. For other magazines called "Focus" see Focus (magazine. The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (abbreviated DFG, German Research Foundation in English) is an important German research funding organization [13] The Humboldt Foundation ranks the University of Bonn fifth in the humanities and social sciences, sixth in the life sciences and seventh in science. The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (in German Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung) is a foundation of the German government for the promotion of international cooperation [14]

Campus

The Poppelsdorf Palace.
The Poppelsdorf Palace.

The University of Bonn does not have a centralized campus. The main building is the former residential palace of the prince-elector of Cologne (German: Kurfürstliches Schloss) in the city center. The main building was built by Enrico Zuccalli for the prince-elector of Cologne, Joseph Clemens of Bavaria from 1697-1705. Enrico Zuccalli, ( Johann Heinrich Zuccalli, * ca 1642 in Roveredo (Switzerland † 8 March 1724 in Munich) was a Swiss architect Joseph Clemens von Wittelsbach ( December 5 1671 - November 12 1723) was an Archbishop of Cologne, Germany, from 1688 to Today it houses the faculty of humanities and theology and the university administration. The Hofgarten, a large park in front of the main building is a popular place for students to meet, study and relax. The Hofgarten was repeatedly the place for political demonstrations as for example the demonstration against the NATO Double-Track Decision on October 22, 1981 with about 250,000 participants. The NATO Double-Track Decision is the decision of the NATO from December 12, 1979 to offer the Warsaw Pact a mutual limitation of Medium-range [15]

The school of law and economics, the main university library and several smaller departments are housed in modern buildings a short distance south of the main building. The department of psychology and the department of computer science are located in a northern suburb of Bonn.

The science departments and the main science library are located in Poppelsdorf and Endenich, west of the city center, and housed in a mix of historical and modern buildings. Notable is the Poppelsdorf Palace (German: Poppelsdorfer Schloss), which was build from 1715 to 1753 by Robert de Cotte for Joseph Clemens of Bavaria and his successor Clemens August of Bavaria. Robert de Cotte (1656 &ndash 15 July 1735) was a French Architect -administrator under whose design control of the royal buildings of France Joseph Clemens von Wittelsbach ( December 5 1671 - November 12 1723) was an Archbishop of Cologne, Germany, from 1688 to Clemens August of Bavaria ( 17 August 1700 &ndash 6 February 1761) was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria Today the Poppelsdorf Palace houses the university's mineral collection and several science departments.

The school of medicine is located on the Venusberg, a hill on the western edge of Bonn. Several residence halls are scattered across the city. In total the University of Bonn owns 371 buildings.

University Library

The university library was founded in 1818 and started with 6,000 volumes inherited from the library of the closed University of Duisburg. The old University of Duisburg was a university in Duisburg. History Its origins date back to the 1555 decision to create a university for the unified In 1824 the library became legal deposit for all books published in the Prussian Rhine province. Legal deposit is a legal requirement that a person or group submit copies of their Publications to a repository usually a library. The library contained about 200,000 volumes at the end of the 19th century, and about 600,000 volumes at the outbreak of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including An air raid on October 10 in 1944 destroyed about 200,000 volumes and a large part of the library catalog. Strategic bombing during World War II was greater in scale than any wartime attack the world had previously witnessed A library catalog (or library catalogue) is a register of all bibliographic items found in a Library or group of libraries such as a network of libraries After the war the library was housed in several makeshift locations until the completion of the new central library in 1960. The new building was designed by Pierre Vago and Fritz Bornemann and is located close to the main building. Pierre Vago ( August 30, 1910 in Budapest &ndash February 1, 2002 in Noisy-sur-Ecole) was a notable French In 1983 a new library building was opened in Poppelsdorf, west of the main building. The new library building houses the science, agriculture and medicine collections. Today the university library system the central library, the library for science, agriculture and medicine and about 160 smaller libraries. The university library holds 2. 2 million volumes and subscribes to about 14,000 journals. [16]

University Hospital

The university hospital (German:Universitätsklinikum Bonn) was founded at the same time as the university and officially openend on May 5, 1819 in the Poppelsdorf Palace (German:Poppelsdorffer Schloß) west of the main building. In its first year, the hospital had thirty beds, performed 93 surgeries and treated about 600 outpatients. In 1883 the hospital moved to a new building in the city center of Bonn, and after World War II to the Venusberg on the western edge of Bonn. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia On January 1, 2001 the university hospital became a public corporation. Although the university hospital is since then independent from the university, the School of Medicine of the University of Bonn and the university hospital closely collaborate. Today the university hospital comprises about thirty individual hospitals, employs more than 670 physicians and more than 1,100 nursing and clinical support staff and treated about 39,000 inpatients. [17]

The Akademisches Kunstmuseum.
The Akademisches Kunstmuseum.

University Museums

The Akademisches Kunstmuseum (English: Academic Museum of Antiquities ) was founded in 1818 and has one of the largest collections of plaster casts of ancient Greek and Roman sculptures in the world. At this time collections of plaster casts were mainly used in the instruction of students at art academies. They were first used in the instruction of university students in 1763 by Christian Gottlob Heyne at University of Göttingen. Christian Gottlob Heyne ( September 25, 1729 – July 14, 1812) was a German Classical scholar and Archaeologist The University of Göttingen ( German: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) is a University in the city of Göttingen, Germany. The Akademisches Kunstmuseum in Bonn was the first of its kind, as at this time collections at other universities were scattered around universities libraries. The first director was Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker, who also held a professorship of archaeology. Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker ( 4 November 1784 &ndash 17 December 1868) German Philologist and Archaeologist, His tenure was from 1819 until his retirement in 1854. He was succeeded by Otto Jahn and Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl, who shared the directorship. Otto Jahn ( June 16, 1813 &ndash September 9, 1869) was a German Archaeologist, Philologist, and writer on Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl (1806-1876 German scholar was born in Thuringia. From 1870 to 1889 Reinhard Kekulé von Stradonitz, nephew of the famous organic chemist Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, was the director. Reinhard Kekulé von Stradonitz, (name at birth Kekulé called Kekulé von Stradonitz only after 1889] (born 1839 in Darmstadt, Germany; died 1911 in Berlin Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (also August Kekulé) (7 September 1829 &ndash 13 July 1896 was a German organic chemist. In 1872 the museum moved to a new building that was formerly used by the department of anatomy. The building was constructed from 1823 to 1830 and designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Hermann Friedrich Waesemann. Karl Friedrich Schinkel ( March 13, 1781 – October 9, 1841) was a German Architect Hermann Friedrich Waesemann ( June 6 1813 - January 28 1879) was a German Architect. Other directors of the museum were Georg Loeschcke (from 1889 to 1912), Franz Winter (from 1912 to 1929), Richard Delbrueck (from 1929 to 1940), Ernst Langlotz (from 1944 to 1966), Nikolaus Himmelmann (from 1969 to 1994) and Harald Mielsch (since 1994). All directors, with the exception of Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl held a professorship of archaeology at the university. Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl (1806-1876 German scholar was born in Thuringia. [18]

The Egyptian Museum (German: Ägyptisches Museum) was founded in 2001. The collection is dating back to the 19th century and was formerly part of the Akademisches Kunstmuseum. Large parts of the collection were destroyed in World War II. Today the collection comprises about 3,000 objects. [19]

The Arithmeum was openend in 1999. With over 1,200 objects it has the world's largest collection of historical mechanical calculating machines. The history of computer hardware encompasses the hardware, its architecture, and its impact on software. The museum is affiliated with the Research Institute for Discrete Mathematics. [20]

Minke Whale skeleton, Museum Koenig.
Minke Whale skeleton, Museum Koenig. The Alexander Koenig Research Museum (German Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig) is a Natural history museum and zoological research institution in

The Teaching Collection of Archaeology and Anthropology (German: Archäologisch-ethnographische Lehr- und Studiensammlung) will be opened in 2008. The collection comprises more than 7,500 objects of mostly pre-Columbian art. [21]

The Botanical Garden was officially founded in 1818 and is located around the Poppelsdorf Palace. A garden existed at the same place at least since 1578, and around 1720 a Baroque garden was built for Clemens August of Bavaria. Clemens August of Bavaria ( 17 August 1700 &ndash 6 February 1761) was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria The first director of the Botanical Garden was Nees von Esenbeck from 1818 to 1830. Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck ( February 14, 1776 - March 16, 1858) was a prolific German Botanist, In May 2003 the world largest Titan Arum, some 2. The titan arum or Amorphophallus titanum (from Ancient Greek amorphos, "without form misshapen" + phallos, " Penis 74 m high, flowered in the Botanical Garden for three days. [22]

The natural history museum was opened in 1820 by Georg August Goldfuss. Georg August Goldfuss (Goldfuß April 18 1782 &ndash October 2 1848) was a German Palaeontologist and Zoologist It was the first public museum in the Rhineland. In 1882 it was split into the Mineralogical Museum a museum of palaeontology, now named Goldfuß Museum of Palaeontology. [23]

The Horst Stoeckel-Museum of the History of Anesthesiology (German: Horst Stoeckel-Museum für die Geschichte der Anästhesiologie) was opened in 2000 and is the largest of its kind in Europe. [24]

The Museum Alexander Koenig is one of the largest natural history museums in Germany and is affiliated with the university. The museum was founded in 1912 by Alexander Koenig, who donated his collection of mounted specimen to the public. See also the separate article Museum Koenig. The Alexander Koenig Research Museum (German Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig) is a Natural history museum and zoological research institution in [25]

Notable people

To date, six Nobel prizes and one Fields Medal have been awarded to faculty and alumni of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn:

Among its notable alumni and faculty are Pope Benedict XVI, Heinrich Heine, Heinrich Hertz, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, Joseph Schumpeter, Konrad Adenauer, Max Ernst and Karl Barth, Samson Raphael Hirsch. Luigi Pirandello ( June 28, 1867 — December 10, 1936) was an Italian Dramatist Novelist, and short Otto Wallach ( 27 March, 1847 - 26 February, 1931) was a German Chemist and Nobel laureate for work on Alicyclic Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse ( March 15, 1830 - April 2, 1914) was a distinguished German author Philipp Eduard Anton von Lénárd ( June 7, 1862 &ndash May 20, 1947) was a German physicist and the winner of the Gerd Faltings (born July 28, 1954 in Gelsenkirchen -Buer is a German Mathematician known for his work in arithmetic Algebraic Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Christian Johann Heinrich Heine ( December 13, 1797 – February 17, 1856) was a Journalist, Essayist and one of the Heinrich Rudolf Hertz ( February 22, 1857 – January 1, 1894) was a German physicist who clarified and expanded the electromagnetic theory Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (also August Kekulé) (7 September 1829 &ndash 13 July 1896 was a German organic chemist. Joseph Alois Schumpeter ( February 8, 1883 &ndash January 8, 1950) was an Economist and Political scientist born in Konrad Hermann Josef Adenauer ( 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967 was a German Statesman. Max Ernst ( 2 April 1891 &ndash 1 April 1976) was a German painter, Sculptor, Graphic artist, and Karl Barth ( May 10, 1886 &ndash December 10, 1968) (pronounced "bart" a Swiss Reformed theologian was one Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch ( June 20, 1808 – December 31, 1888) was the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz

See also List of University of Bonn people

References

  1. ^ a b c University of Bonn (June 2007). Among the people who have taught or studied at the University of Bonn are the following Nobel laureates Harald zur Hausen - 2008 Nobel University of Bonn at a glance. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  2. ^ Becker, Thomas P. (May 2007). Geschichte der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  3. ^ F. J. Dölger-Institut. Official Homepage of the F.J. Dölger-Institut. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  4. ^ Research Institute for Discrete Mathematics. Research of the Institute for Discrete Mathematics. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  5. ^ Karnbach, Bodo (October 2000). Chip-Design mit diskreter Mathematik - Weltweit erfolgreiche Kooperation verlängert. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  6. ^ German Reference Center for Ethics in the Life Science. Official Homepage of the DRZE. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  7. ^ Center for European Integration Studies. Official Homepage of the ZEI. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  8. ^ Center for Development Research. Official Homepage of the ZEF. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  9. ^ Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2006). Top 500 World Universities. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  10. ^ Times Higher Education Supplement (2006). World University Rankings 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  11. ^ Webometrics. Webometrics Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  12. ^ FOCUS Magazin (2007). FOCUS-Uniranking 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  13. ^ Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (2006). Zusammenfassender Indikatorenvergleich für die 40 Hochschulen mit dem höchsten DFG-Bewilligungsvolumen: Absolute Betrachtung. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  14. ^ Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (2006). Das Humboldt-Ranking. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  15. ^ Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Weg der Demokratie - Path of Democracy. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  16. ^ Universitäts-und Landesbibliothek Bonn (October 2003). Geschichte der ULB Bonn. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  17. ^ Universitätsklinikum Bonn. Homepage of the University Hospital Bonn. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  18. ^ University of Bonn (January 2008). Official Homepage of the Akademisches Kunstmuseum. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  19. ^ Egyptian Museum of the University of Bonn (September 2006). Official Homepage of the Egyptian Museum. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  20. ^ Arithmeum. Official Homepage of the Arithmeum. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  21. ^ University of Bonn. Museums and Academic Collections. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  22. ^ Botanic Garden of the University of Bonn. Official Homepage of the Botanic Garden. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  23. ^ Institute of Paleontology. Geschichte des Museums und des Gebäudes. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  24. ^ University Hospital. Horst-Stoeckel-Museum für die Geschichte der Anästhesiologie. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  25. ^ Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig. Official Homepage of the Museum Koenig. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

External links

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