Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) cell phone technologies, which is also being developed into a 4G technology. 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications LTE (Long Term Evolution is the next major step in mobile radio communications and will be introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) Release 8 Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access ( E-UTRA) is the air interface of 3GPP 's Long Term Evolution (LTE upgrade path for mobile networks Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies The 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 ( 3GPP2) is a collaboration between telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G) Interim Standard 95 (IS-95, is the first CDMA -based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. CDMA2000 is a hybrid 25G / 3G technology of mobile Telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for Digital 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only, abbreviated as EV-DO or EVDO and often EV, is a Telecommunications standard for the UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS is the analog Mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS is the analog Mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas 1G (or 1-G is short for first-generation Wireless Telephone Technology, Cellphones These are the analog cellphone standards that IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation ( 2G) mobile phone systems known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. Push-to-talk ( PTT) also known as Press-to-Transmit, is a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines including Two-way radio The Mobile Telephone System (MTS was one of the earliest mobile telephone standards The Improved Mobile Telephone Service ( IMTS) is a " 0G " pre-cellular VHF / UHF Radio system that links to the PSTN The Advanced Mobile Telephone System (not to be confused with Advanced Mobile Phone System) was a 0G method of radio communication mainly used in Japanese portable OLT ( Norwegian for Offentlig Landmobil Telefoni, Public Land Mobile Telephony was the first land mobile telephone network in Norway MTD ( Swedish abbreviation for Mobiltelefonisystem D, or Mobile telephony system D) was a manual Mobile phone system for the 450 MHz frequency Autotel (also called PALM, or Public Automated Land Mobile) is a radiotelephone service which was the "missing link" between earlier MTS / For other meanings of the abbreviation see Arp. ARP ( Autoradiopuhelin, "car radio phone" was the first commercially 1G (or 1-G is short for first-generation Wireless Telephone Technology, Cellphones These are the analog cellphone standards that NMT ( Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephony in English is the first fully-automatic Cellular phone Hicap is a mobile technology developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone as a higher capacity alternative to their NTT mobile solution. Cellular Digital Packet Data ( CDPD) uses unused bandwidth normally used by AMPS Mobile phones between 800 and 900 MHz to transfer data Mobitex is an OSI based Open standard, national public access wireless packet-switched data network DataTAC is a wireless data network technology originally developed by Motorola and deployed in the United States as the ARDIS network 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. For other uses of Iden/IDEN see Iden (disambiguation Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN is a mobile telecommunications technology Personal Digital Cellular ( PDC) is a 2G Mobile phone standard developed and used exclusively in Japan. Circuit Switched Data ( CSD) is the original form of Data transmission developed for the Time division multiple access (TDMA-based Mobile phone The Personal Handy-phone System ( PHS) also marketed as the Personal Access System ( PAS) and commercially branded as Xiaolingtong Wideband Integrated Digital Enhanced Network, or WiDEN is a software upgrade developed by Motorola for its IDEN enhanced specialized mobile radio (or ESMR wireless 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications iBurst (or HC-SDMA, High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access is a wireless broadband technology developed by ArrayComm. HiperMAN stands for High Performance Radio Metropolitan Area Network and is a standard created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( ETSI) Broadband WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a Telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission WiBro ( Wi reless Bro adband is a Wireless broadband Internet technology being developed by the South Korean telecoms industry Unlicensed Mobile Access or UMA is the commercial name of the 3GPP Generic Access Network, or GAN standard In Telecommunications and Computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access method allows several terminals connected to the same Frequency Division Multiple Access or FDMA is an Channel access method that is used by radio systems to share a certain Radio spectrum between multiple Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access ( OFDMA) is a multi-user version of the popular Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM digital modulation scheme This article is about the medium access technology The name "TDMA" is also commonly used in the United States to refer to D-AMPS, which is a mobile telephone Spread-spectrum techniques are methods by which Energy generated in a particular bandwidth is deliberately spread in the Frequency domain, resulting Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies All cellular phone networks worldwide utilize a portion of the radio frequency spectrum designated as Ultra High Frequency, or "UHF" for the transmission All cellular phone networks worldwide utilize a portion of the radio frequency spectrum designated as Ultra High Frequency, or "UHF" for the transmission GSM frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated by the ITU for the operation UMTS frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated for the operation of the UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA / HSPA+ Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900  MHz radio band used for Digital Mobile phone services in The Specialized Mobile Radio system (SMR is a conventional Two-way radio system or Trunked radio system, operated by a service in the 800 or 900 MHz bands 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications Currently, the most common form of UMTS uses W-CDMA as the underlying air interface. W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network. It is standardized by the 3GPP, and is the European answer to the ITU IMT-2000 requirements for 3G cellular radio systems. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 ( IMT-2000) is the global standard for third generation ( 3G) wireless communications as defined by the International 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2

To differentiate UMTS from competing network technologies, UMTS is sometimes marketed as 3GSM, emphasizing the combination of the 3G nature of the technology and the GSM standard which it was designed to succeed. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the

Preface

This article discusses the technology, business, usage and other aspects encompassing and surrounding UMTS, the 3G successor to GSM which utilizes the W-CDMA air interface and GSM infrastructures. In mobile communication the air interface is the radio-based communication link between the Mobile station and the active Base station. Any issues relating strictly to the W-CDMA interface itself may be better described in the W-CDMA page. W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network.

Features

UMTS, using W-CDMA, supports up to 14. W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network. 0 Mbit/s data transfer rates in theory (with HSDPA), although at the moment users in deployed networks can expect a transfer rate of up to 384 kbit/s for R99 handsets, and 3. In telecommunications Bit rate or Data transfer rate is the average number of Bits characters or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation Mobile telephony Communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet 6 Mbit/s for HSDPA handsets in the downlink connection. High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation Mobile telephony Communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet This is still much greater than the 9. 6 kbit/s of a single GSM error-corrected circuit switched data channel or multiple 9. 6 kbit/s channels in HSCSD (14. High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD, is an enhancement to Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM Mobile phone system 4 kbit/s for CDMAOne), and—in competition to other network technologies such as CDMA2000, PHS or WLAN—offers access to the World Wide Web and other data services on mobile devices. The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.

Precursors to 3G are 2G mobile telephony systems, such as GSM, IS-95, PDC, PHS and other 2G technologies deployed in different countries. 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Interim Standard 95 (IS-95, is the first CDMA -based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. Personal Digital Cellular ( PDC) is a 2G Mobile phone standard developed and used exclusively in Japan. The Personal Handy-phone System ( PHS) also marketed as the Personal Access System ( PAS) and commercially branded as Xiaolingtong In the case of GSM, there is an evolution path from 2G, to GPRS, also known as 2.5G. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS is a Packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM and 25G is a stepping stone between 2G and 3G cellular wireless technologies GPRS supports a much better data rate (up to a theoretical maximum of 140. 8 kbit/s, though typical rates are closer to 56 kbit/s) and is packet switched rather than connection orientated (circuit switched). Packet switching is a network communications method that splits data traffic (digital representations of text sound or video data into chunks called packets, that are then In Telecommunications a circuit switching network is one that establishes a fixed bandwidth circuit (or channel) between nodes and terminals It is deployed in many places where GSM is used. E-GPRS, or EDGE, is a further evolution of GPRS and is based on more modern coding schemes. Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) With EDGE the actual packet data rates can reach around 180 kbit/s (effective). EDGE systems are often referred as "2. 75G Systems".

Since 2006, UMTS networks in many countries have been or are in the process of being upgraded with High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), sometimes known as 3.5G. High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation Mobile telephony Communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation Mobile telephony Communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Currently, HSDPA enables downlink transfer speeds of up to 7. Uplink An uplink (UL or U/L is the portion of a communications link used for the transmission of signals from an Earth terminal 2 Mbit/s. Work is also progressing on improving the uplink transfer speed with the High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA is a 3G Mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5 Longer term, the 3GPP Long Term Evolution project plans to move UMTS to 4G speeds of 100 Mbit/s down and 50 Mbit/s up, using a next generation air interface technology based upon OFDM. LTE (Long Term Evolution is the next major step in mobile radio communications and will be introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) Release 8 Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ( OFDM) — essentially identical to Coded OFDM ( COFDM) and Discrete multi-tone modulation (

UMTS supports mobile videoconferencing, although experience in Japan and elsewhere has shown that user demand for video calls is not very high. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) is a set of interactive Telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact

Other possible uses for UMTS include the downloading of music and video content, as well as live TV.

Deployment

See also: List of Deployed UMTS networks

Technology

UMTS combines the W-CDMA, TD-CDMA, or TD-SCDMA air interfaces, GSM's Mobile Application Part (MAP) core, and the GSM family of speech codecs. Beginning in 2003 under the name 3, Hutchison Whampoa, a large port operator has gradually launched their startup UMTS networks worldwide including Australia W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network. UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access, or TD-SCDMA, is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard being pursued in the People's Republic of China GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the In the most popular cellular mobile telephone variant of UMTS, W-CDMA is currently used. W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network. Note that other wireless standards use W-CDMA as their air interface, including FOMA. W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network. FOMA ( IPA:/'foʊmə/ officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile

UMTS over W-CDMA uses a pair of 5 MHz channels. In contrast, the competing CDMA2000 system uses one or more arbitrary 1. CDMA2000 is a hybrid 25G / 3G technology of mobile Telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for Digital 25 MHz channels for each direction of communication. UMTS and other W-CDMA systems are widely criticized for their large spectrum usage, which has delayed deployment in countries that acted relatively slowly in allocating new frequencies specifically for 3G services (such as the United States).

The specific frequency bands originally defined by the UMTS standard are 1885-2025 MHz for the mobile-to-base (uplink) and 2110-2200 MHz for the base-to-mobile (downlink). A band is a small section of the spectrum of Radio communication frequencies, in which channels are usually used or set aside for the same In the US, 1710-1755 MHz and 2110-2155 MHz will be used instead, as the 1900 MHz band was already utilized. ^[1] Additionally, in some countries UMTS operators use the 850 MHz and/or 1900 MHz bands (independently, meaning uplink and downlink are within the same band), notably in the US by AT&T Mobility, and in Australia by Telstra (850 MHz only). AT&T Mobility LLC (usually branded AT&T, and formerly named Cingular Wireless LLC) is the wholly owned wireless subsidiary of AT&T Inc Telstra or Telstra Corporation (often abbreviated as Telstra Corp) () is an Australian Telecommunications and media company formerly A UMTS900 network has also opened in Finland, planned for more rural areas and other hard coverage areas over the GSM shared 900 MHz spectrum, supported currently by Elisa and Nokia (by model 6121 classic) and also encouraged by the local regulators. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay, also called ELISA, Enzyme ImmunoAssay or EIA, is a biochemical technique used mainly in Immunology Nokia Corporation (pronunciation /'nɔkiɑ/),,) is a Finnish multinational Communications Corporation, headquartered

For existing GSM operators, it is a simple but costly migration path to UMTS: much of the infrastructure is shared with GSM, but the cost of obtaining new spectrum licenses and overlaying UMTS at existing towers can be prohibitively expensive.

A major difference of UMTS compared to GSM is the air interface forming GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GeRAN). It can be connected to various backbone networks like the Internet, ISDN, GSM or to a UMTS network. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks GeRAN includes the three lowest layers of OSI model. The Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer Network protocol The network layer (OSI 3) protocols form the Radio Resource Management protocol (RRM). Radio resource management (RRM is the system level control of Co-channel interference and other radio transmission characteristics in Wireless communication systems They manage the bearer channels between the mobile terminals and the fixed network including the handovers.

Releases

The evolution of the system will move forward with so called releases. Each release will introduce new features. The following features are examples of many others in these new releases.

Release '99

• Bearer services
• 64 kbit/s circuit switched
• 384 kbit/s packet switched
• Location services
• Call services: compatible with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), based on Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)

Release 4

• Edge radio
• Multimedia messaging
• MExE (Mobile Execution Environment)
• Improved location services
• IP Multimedia Services (IMS)

Release 5

• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
• IPv6, IP transport in UTRAN
• Improvements in GERAN, MExE, etc
• HSDPA

Release 6

• WLAN integration
• Multimedia broadcast and multicast
• Improvements in IMS
• HSUPA

3G Handsets and Modems

Current phones being released with 3G are only specific to that provider's 3G network. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the The IP Multimedia Subsystem ( IMS) is an architectural framework for delivering Internet protocol (IP Multimedia to mobile users Internet Protocol version 6 ( IPv6) is an Internet Layer protocol for packet -switched internetworks. UTRAN, short for U MTS T errestrial R adio A ccess N etwork is a collective term for the Node B 's and Radio Network High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation Mobile telephony Communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA is a 3G Mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5 Therefore, when roaming in other countries, the 3G MAY NOT work. Canada and USA have a common share of frequencies that should work with handsets from each country. Europe in general share their frequencies as well. Look at UMTS frequency bands to see the similarities between each country's network frequency. UMTS frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated for the operation of the UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA / HSPA+ Canada phones could be used in BAND II and/or V as an example.

Currently there are few 3G World Phones/modems available (850/900/1700/1900/2100 HSPA/UMTS not GSM). Some modems like the Huawei E270 meet this specification ^[2]. However, the upcoming Nokia_N96 will support 900/2100MHz making it the first Dual band WCDMA phone. Nokia N96 is the newest Nokia Smartphone in the Nseries range of products Ideally, a WCDMA tri-band unit of 850/900/2100 for European models and a 850/900/1900MHz for North Americans should be designed by manufacturers to qualify their phones as a 3G world phone. Since most of the world has to have the lower frequencies for reaching into the rural areas, incorporating the 850 and 900 MHz along with the country's primary high UMTS_frequency_bands (2100 or 1900) to be able to cover over 95% of the World's UMTS Frequency bands. UMTS frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated for the operation of the UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA / HSPA+

Phones

Newer phone models have 3G built-in but are usually designed for a specific provider's network as per UMTS frequency bands. These phones may be used for the Internet directly on the phone or, via tether mode, can be attached via Wifi, Bluetooth, Infrared or USB to a computer to access the Internet. ^[3]

PDA and Smartphones

• Symbian Based: with 65% of the market. Symbian OS is an open Operating system, designed for Mobile devices with associated libraries, User interface frameworks and Nokia and Sony Ericsson are the major SymbianOS users. Nokia Corporation (pronunciation /'nɔkiɑ/),,) is a Finnish multinational Communications Corporation, headquartered Sony Ericsson is a Joint venture established in 2001 by the Japanese Consumer electronics Company Sony Corporation and the There is a lot of SymbianOS software available but often only applicable to specific phones. Tethering is available using USB, bluetooth or Wifi (with JoikuSpot: Convert your Symbian Phone into a router). ^[4]

• Windows Mobile Based: with 12% of the current market. Windows Mobile is a compact Operating system combined with a suite of basic applications for Mobile devices based on the Microsoft Win32 Windows Mobile 6. 1 offers a range of features for UMTS. Tethering is available using USB, bluetooth, or Wifi (with WMWifiRouter: convert your Windows Mobile unit into a router)^[5] Windows Mobile is used by many manufacturers including Sony, Samsung, Palm, Motorola, and several manufacturers familiar with the PC market.

• RIM OS Based: with 11% of the market. Research In Motion Limited ( RIM) () is a Wireless device company best known as the developer of the BlackBerry handheld Communication Most BlackBerry smartphones are not currently 3G capable, with the exception of certain models such as model 8707v, EVDO capable models and the upcoming BlackBerry 9000 series. The BlackBerry is a Wireless Handheld device introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager One reason is that BlackBerry, typically known for long battery life, would have shorter battery life with 3G. The emergence of greatly improved multimedia and tethering capabilities on recent BlackBerry models, is currently pressuring RIM to include 3G in future BlackBerry models.

• Mac OS-like iPhone OS Based: with 7% of the market. Mac OS is the trademarked name for a series of Graphical user interface -based Operating systems developed by Apple Inc iPhone OS or OS X iPhone is the Operating system developed by Apple Inc Apple's iPhone does not support 3G and is restricted to using the EDGE standard. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc Apple claims this is in order to maintain a reasonable battery life on the telephone. Power usage of 3G is improving, and Apple is releasing a 3G/UMTS iPhone on July 11, 2008.

• Palm OS (also known as "Garnet OS") was initially developed by Palm Computing, Inc. for personal digital assistants (PDAs) in 1996 and was later also used on some mobile phones. Palm OS (also known as Garnet OS) is an embedded Operating system initially developed by U Palm Inc is a Personal digital assistant and Smartphone manufacturer headquartered in Sunnyvale, California that is responsible for popular Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) This is a list of Palm OS devices and companies that make or have made them It is provided with a suite of basic applications for personal information management. Palm OS has been used in Sony Clié handsets (Sony now uses Windows Mobile & Symbian) and by Samsung (which now use Windows Mobile).

• Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. Android is a software platform and Operating system for Mobile devices based on the Linux Kernel, developed by Google In Computing, a platform describes some sort of Hardware architecture or Software framework (including Application frameworks, that allows An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination A mobile device (also known as cellphone device, handheld device, handheld computer, "Palmtop" or simply handheld) is a pocket-sized Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online The Open Handset Alliance ( OHA) is a Business alliance of 34 firms including Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola ^[6] It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries,^[7] but does not support programs developed in native code. Managed code is computer program code that executes under the management of a Virtual machine, unlike unmanaged code which is executed directly by the computer's Machine code or machine language is a system of instructions and data executed directly by a Computer 's Central processing unit. When released in 2008, most of the Android platform will be made available under the Apache free-software and open-source license. A free software licence is a Software licence which grants recipients rights to modify and redistribute the Software which would otherwise be prohibited by Copyright An open source license is a copyright License for Computer software that makes the source code available under terms that allow for modification and redistribution ^[8]

External Modems

Using a cellular router, PCMCIA or USB card, customers are able to access 3G broadband services, regardless of their choice of computer (such as a tablet PC or a PDA). Cellular routers (sometimes known as 3G Routers) are routers that provide shared Internet access by incorporating a cellular data Modem as WAN interfaces A Tablet PC is a Notebook or slate-shaped Mobile computer, equipped with a Touchscreen or Graphics tablet/screen hybrid technology which allows Some software installs itself from the modem, so that in some cases absolutely no knowledge of technology is required to get online in moments. Installation (or setup) of a program (including drivers is the act and the effect of putting the program in a computer system so that it can be

Using a phone that supports 3G and Bluetooth 2. Bluetooth is a wireless protocol utilizing short-range communications technology facilitating data transmission over short distances from fixed and/or mobile devices creating wireless 0, multiple Bluetooth-capable laptops can be connected to the Internet. The phone acts as a router, but via Bluetooth rather than wireless networking (802. 11) or a USB connection.

Interoperability and global roaming

UMTS phones (and data cards) are highly portable - they have been designed to roam easily onto other UMTS networks (assuming your provider has a roaming agreement). In addition, almost all UMTS phones (except in Japan) are UMTS/GSM dual-mode devices, so if a UMTS phone travels outside of UMTS coverage during a call the call may be transparently handed off to available GSM coverage. Roaming charges are usually significantly higher than regular usage charges.

Most UMTS licensees consider ubiquitous, transparent global roaming an important issue. Roaming is a general term in Wireless Telecommunications that refers to the extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location To enable a high degree of interoperability, UMTS phones usually support several different frequencies in addition to their GSM fallback. Different countries support different UMTS frequency bands – Europe initially used 2100Mhz while the USA used 1700Mhz, and a UMTS phone and network must support a common frequency to work together. UMTS frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated for the operation of the UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA / HSPA+ Because of the frequencies used, early models of UMTS phones designated for the US will likely not be operable elsewhere and vice versa. There are now 11 different frequency combinations used around the world - including frequencies formerly used solely for 2G services.

UMTS phones use a USIM (Universal Subscriber Identity Module) (based on GSM's SIM) and also accept GSM SIM cards. This is a global standard of identification, and enables a network to identify the phone user to authenticate both local and roaming customers. Roaming agreements between networks allow for calls to a customer to be redirected to them while roaming and determine the services (and prices) available to the user. In addition to user subscriber information and authentication information, the USIM provides storage space for phone book contacts - phones can store their data on their own memory or on the USIM card (which is usually more limited in its phone book contact information). A USIM can be moved to another UMTS or GSM phone, and the phone will take on the user details of the USIM - meaning it is the USIM (not the phone) which determines the phone number of the phone and the billing for calls made from the phone.

Japan was the first country to adopt 3G technologies, and since they had not used GSM previously they had no need to build GSM compatibility into their handsets and their 3G handsets were smaller than those available elsewhere. In 2002, NTT DoCoMo's FOMA 3G network was the first commercial W-CDMA network - it was initially incompatible with the UMTS standard at the radio level but used standard USIM cards, meaning USIM card based roaming was possible (moving the USIM card into a UMTS or GSM phone when travelling). is the predominant Mobile phone operator in Japan The name is officially an abbreviation of the phrase " do co mmunications over the mo bile network FOMA ( IPA:/'foʊmə/ officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network. Both NTT and SoftBank Mobile (which launched 3G in December 2002) now use the standard UMTS, and their PDC 2G networks run in parallel. SoftBank Mobile Corp (ソフトバンクモバイル株式会社 previously as Vodafone K Personal Digital Cellular ( PDC) is a 2G Mobile phone standard developed and used exclusively in Japan.

Spectrum allocation

Main article: UMTS frequency bands

Over 120 licenses have already been awarded to operators worldwide (as of December 2004), specifying W-CDMA radio access technology that builds on GSM. UMTS frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated for the operation of the UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA / HSPA+ W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the In Europe, the license process occurred at the end of the technology bubble, and the auction mechanisms for allocation set up in some countries resulted in some extremely high prices being paid for the original 2100 MHz licenses, notably in the UK and Germany. In Germany, bidders paid a total 50. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. 8 billion euros for six licenses, two of which were subsequently abandoned and written off by their purchasers (Mobilcom and the Sonera/Telefonica consortium). TeliaSonera AB is the dominant Telephone company and Mobile network operator in Sweden and Finland. Telefónica SA, (,,,,) is a Spanish telecommunication company. It has been suggested that these huge license fees have the character of a very large tax paid on income expected 10 years down the road - in any event they put some European telecom operators close to bankruptcy (most notably KPN). KPN (in full Koninklijke KPN NV, also Royal KPN NV) is a Dutch fixed-line and mobile Telecommunications company including both Over the last few years some operators have written off some or all of the license costs. More recently, a carrier in Finland has begun using 900 MHz UMTS in a shared arrangement with it's surrounding 2G GSM base stations, a trend that is expected to expand over Europe in the next 1-3 years.

The 2100MHz UMTS spectrum allocated in Europe is already used in North America. The 1900 MHz range is used for 2G (PCS) services, and 2100 MHz range is used for satellite communications. 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900  MHz radio band used for Digital Mobile phone services in Regulators have however, freed up some of the 2100 MHz range for 3G services, together with the 1700 MHz for the uplink. UMTS operators in North America who want to implement a European style 2100/1900 MHz system will have to share spectrum with existing 2G services in the 1900 MHz band.

AT&T Wireless launched UMTS services in the United States by the end of 2004 strictly using the existing 1900 MHz spectrum allocated for 2G PCS services. Cingular acquired AT&T Wireless in 2004 and has since then launched UMTS in select US cities. After AT&T's acquisition of Cingular, it was renamed AT&T Mobility and is rolling out some cities with a UMTS network at 850 MHz to enhance its existing UMTS network at 1900 MHz and now offers subscribers a number of UMTS 850/1900 phones. AT&T Mobility LLC (usually branded AT&T, and formerly named Cingular Wireless LLC) is the wholly owned wireless subsidiary of AT&T Inc

T-Mobile's roll-out of UMTS in the US will focus on the 2100/1700 MHz bands just auctioned. T-Mobile is a Mobile network operator headquartered in Bonn, Germany.

Initial rollout of UMTS in Canada will also be undertaken using the 850 and 1900MHz bands due to the large areas that will be needed to cover.

In Australia, Telstra rolled out a national 3G network, branded as NextG, operating in the 850 MHz band to replace the existing CDMA network (April 2008) and enhance its existing 2100 MHz UMTS network. Telstra or Telstra Corporation (often abbreviated as Telstra Corp) () is an Australian Telecommunications and media company formerly Optus is currently rolling out a 3G network with the same coverage as its GSM network, using the 2100 MHz band in cities and most large towns, and the 900 MHz band for regional areas. SingTel Optus Pty Limited is the second largest Telecommunications company in Australia, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Singapore Telecommunications Vodafone is also building a 3G network using the 900 MHz band. Vodafone Australia is a Mobile telephone company a subsidiary of Vodafone Plc operating in Australia The 850 MHz and 900 MHz bands provide greater coverage compared to equivalent 1700/1900/2100 MHz networks, and are best suited to regional areas where greater distances separate subscriber and base station.

Carriers in South America are now also rolling out 850 MHz networks.

Other competing standards

There are other competing 3G standards, such as CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA, though UMTS can use the latter's air interface standard. CDMA2000 is a hybrid 25G / 3G technology of mobile Telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for Digital Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access, or TD-SCDMA, is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard being pursued in the People's Republic of China

On the Internet access side, competing systems include WiMAX and Flash-OFDM. WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a Telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ( OFDM) — essentially identical to Coded OFDM ( COFDM) and Discrete multi-tone modulation ( Different variants of UMTS compete with different standards. While this article has largely discussed UMTS-FDD, a form oriented for use in conventional cellular-type spectrum, UMTS-TDD, a system based upon a TD-CDMA air interface, is used to provide UMTS service where the uplink and downlink share the same spectrum, and is very efficient at providing asymmetric access. UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved It provides more direct competition with WiMAX and similar Internet-access oriented systems than conventional UMTS.

Both the CDMA2000 and W-CDMA air interface systems are accepted by ITU as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards, in addition to UMTS-TDD's TD-CDMA, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) and China's own 3G standard, TD-SCDMA. International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 ( IMT-2000) is the global standard for third generation ( 3G) wireless communications as defined by the International UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access, or TD-SCDMA, is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard being pursued in the People's Republic of China

CDMA2000's narrower bandwidth requirements make it easier than UMTS to deploy in existing spectrum along with legacy standards. CDMA2000 is a hybrid 25G / 3G technology of mobile Telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for Digital In some, but not all, cases, existing GSM operators only have enough spectrum to implement either UMTS or GSM, not both. For example, in the US D, E, and F PCS spectrum blocks, the amount of spectrum available is 5 MHz in each direction. A standard UMTS system would saturate that spectrum.

In many markets however, the co-existence issue is of little relevance, as legislative hurdles exist to co-deploying two standards in the same licensed slice of spectrum.

Most GSM operators in North America as well as others around the world have accepted EDGE as a temporary 3G solution. Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) AT&T Wireless launched EDGE nationwide in 2003, AT&T launched EDGE in most markets and T-Mobile USA has launched EDGE nationwide as of October 2005. Rogers Wireless launched nation-wide EDGE service in late 2003 for the Canadian market. Bitė Lietuva (Lithuania) was one of the first operators in Europe to launch EDGE in December 2003. TIM (Italy) launched EDGE in 2004. The benefit of EDGE is that it leverages existing GSM spectrums and is compatible with existing GSM handsets. It is also much easier, quicker, and considerably cheaper for wireless carriers to "bolt-on" EDGE functionality by upgrading their existing GSM transmission hardware to support EDGE than having to install almost all brand-new equipment to deliver UMTS. EDGE provides a short-term upgrade path for GSM operators and directly competes with CDMA2000.

Problems and issues

Some countries, such as the United States and Japan, have allocated spectrum differently from the ITU Recommendations, so that the spectrum bands most commonly used for UMTS (UMTS-2100) have not been available. In those countries, alternative bands are used, preventing the interoperability of existing UMTS-2100 equipment, and requiring the design and manufacture of different equipment for the use in these markets. As is the case with GSM 900 MHz today, traditional UMTS 2100 MHz equipment will not work in those markets. However, it appears as though UMTS is not suffering as much from handset band compatibility issues as GSM did as many UMTS handsets these days are being designed to be multi-band in both UMTS and GSM modes within the one handset. Quad band GSM (850/900/1800/1900 MHz) and tri-band UMTS (850/1900/2100 MHz) handsets are becoming more common place.

In the early days of UMTS there were issues with rollout:

• overweight handsets with poor battery life;
• problems with handover from UMTS to GSM, connections being dropped or handovers only possible in one direction (UMTS → GSM) with the handset only changing back to UMTS after hanging up, even if UMTS coverage returns—in most networks around the world this is no longer an issue;
• for fully fledged UMTS incorporating Video on Demand features, one base station needed to be set up every 1–1. Video on demand ( VOD) or Audio video on demand ( AVOD) systems allow users to select and watch/listen The term base station can be used in the context of Land surveying, Wireless computer networking, and Wireless communications. 5 km (0. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 62–0. 93 mi). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States This was the case when only the 2100 MHz band was being used, however with the growing use of lower frequency bands (such as 850 and 900 MHz) this is no longer so. This has led to an increase in the interest in the lower band networks by operators since 2006/2007;

Some of these issues may still be ongoing; for instance, Apple, Inc. cited^[9] UMTS power consumption as the reason that the first generation iPhone only supported EDGE. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) Their release of the iPhone 3G quotes talk time in 3G mode as half that of the 2G mode.

See also

• 3G
• 3GPP: the body that manages the UMTS standard. 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 The 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G
• 3GPP Long Term Evolution, the 3GPP project to evolve UMTS towards 4G capabilities. LTE (Long Term Evolution is the next major step in mobile radio communications and will be introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) Release 8 The 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications
• GAN/UMA: A standard for running GSM and UMTS over wireless LANs. Unlicensed Mobile Access or UMA is the commercial name of the 3GPP Generic Access Network, or GAN standard
• Opportunity Driven Multiple Access, ODMA: a UMTS TDD mode communications relaying protocol
• HSDPA, HSUPA: updates to the W-CDMA air interface. Opportunity-Driven Multiple Access (ODMA is a UMTS communications relaying protocol standard first introduced by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI in The Open Document Management API is an API that simplifies the communication of Desktop applications with document management systems (DMS. A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized Wireless network. High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation Mobile telephony Communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA is a 3G Mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5
• PDCP
• Subscriber Identity Module
• UMTS-TDD: a variant of UMTS largely used to provide wireless Internet service. PDCP is an abbreviation for Packet Data Convergence Protocol It is one of the layers of the Radio Traffic Stack in UMTS and performs IP header compression and decompression UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved
• UMTS frequency bands
• W-CDMA: the primary air interface standard used by UMTS. UMTS frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated for the operation of the UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA / HSPA+ W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network.
• W-CDMA 2100

Other, non-UMTS, 3G and 4G standards:

• CDMA2000: evolved from the cmdaOne (also known as IS-95, or "CDMA") standard, managed by the 3GPP2
• FOMA
• TD-SCDMA
• WiMAX: a newly emerging wide area wireless technology. 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications CDMA2000 is a hybrid 25G / 3G technology of mobile Telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for Digital Interim Standard 95 (IS-95, is the first CDMA -based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 ( 3GPP2) is a collaboration between telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G) FOMA ( IPA:/'foʊmə/ officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access, or TD-SCDMA, is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard being pursued in the People's Republic of China WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a Telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission

UMTS is an evolution of the GSM mobile phone standard.

• GSM
• GPRS
• EDGE
• ETSI

Other useful information

• Mobile modem
• Spectral efficiency comparison table
• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
• Common pilot channel or CPICH, a simple synchronisation channel in WCDMA. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS is a Packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM and Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) The European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( ETSI) is an independent non-for-profit Standardization organization of the Telecommunications Modem (from mo dulator- dem odulator is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode Digital information Spectral efficiency, spectrum efficiency or bandwidth efficiency refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies CPICH stands for Common Pilot CHannel in UMTS and some other CDMA communications systems
• Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is the major issue of multiple antenna research. In Radio, multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO (pronounced mee-moh or my-moh) is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter In Radio, multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO (pronounced mee-moh or my-moh) is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter
• Wi-Fi: a local area wireless technology that is complementary to UMTS. Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used
• Mobile Internet access worldwide lists mobile (mainly UMTS/HSDPA) Internet access solutions worldwide.
• List of device bandwidths

Literature

• Martin Sauter: Communication Systems for the Mobile Information Society, John Wiley, September 2006, ISBN 0-470-02676-6

References

1. ^ The FCC's Advanced Wireless Services bandplan
2. ^ Huawei E270 GSM/UMTS modem specifications. This is a list of device bandwidths: the Net bit rate (or more informally Digital bandwidth) of some computer devices employing methods of data transport is quantified Retrieved on 2008-06-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
3. ^ ^ For an example of tether mode: http://thenokiablog.com/2007/08/21/how-to-tether-your-nokia-to-a-mac-to-access-the-net-via-bluetooth/
4. ^ ^ http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/tradingdesk/archive/2008/04/30/what-to-expect-from-rogers-iphone-offering.aspx
5. ^ ^ http://www.canalys.com/pr/2008/r2008021.htm.
6. ^ Industry Leaders Announce Open Platform for Mobile Devices (HTML) (English). Open Handset Alliance (2007-11-05). The Open Handset Alliance ( OHA) is a Business alliance of 34 firms including Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Retrieved on 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
7. ^ Google's Android parts ways with Java industry group.
8. ^ Open Handset Alliance Releases Android SDK (HTML) (English). Open Handset Alliance (2007-11-12). The Open Handset Alliance ( OHA) is a Business alliance of 34 firms including Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Retrieved on 2007-11-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days
9. ^ ^http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118306134626851922.html

External links

• GSM/UMTS market statistics from the 'Global mobile suppliers association'
• 3GPP Specifications Numbering Scheme
• 3GPP document listing all UMTS Technical Standards for Release 6 and earlier
• Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications, up to Release 8
• UMTS FAQ on UMTS World d
• Worldwide W-CDMA frequency allocations on UMTS World
• UMTS TDD Alliance The Global UMTS TDD Alliance
• 3GToday.com
• 3GSM World Congress