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Denier
Denier is a unit of measure for the linear mass density of fibers. Linear density, linear mass density or linear mass is a measure of Mass per unit of Length, and it is a characteristic of strings or other one-dimensional Fiber or fibre is a class of Materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces similar to lengths of thread. It is defined as the mass in grams per 9,000 meters. Mass is a fundamental concept in Physics, roughly corresponding to the Intuitive idea of how much Matter there is in an object For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International In the International System of Units the tex is used instead (see below).
One can distinguish between Filament and Total denier. Both are defined as above but the first only relates to a single filament of fiber (also commonly known as Denier per Filament or D. P. F) whereas the second relates to an agglomeration of filaments. In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality
The following relationship applies to straight, uniform filaments:
- D. P. F. = Total Denier / Quantity of Uniform Filaments
The denier system of measurement is used on two and single filament fibers. Some common calculations are as follows:
| 1 denier | = 1 gram per 9 000 meters |
| = 0. 05 grams per 450 meters (1/20 of above) |
- A fiber is generally considered a microfiber if it is 1 denier or less. Microfiber ( British spelling: Microfibre) refers to synthetic fibers ( Fiber) that measure less than one denier.
- A 1-denier polyester fiber has a diameter of about 10 micrometres. Polyester is a category of Polymers which contain the Ester Functional group in their main chain Geometry, a diameter of a Circle is any straight Line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose Endpoints are on the
- Denier is used as the measure of density of weave in tights and pantyhose, which defines their opaqueness. Tights are a type of fabric leg covering usually extending from the waist to feet and fitting as tightly as possible to the body (from which the name derives Pantyhose (also called tights) are sheer, close fitting coverings of the body from the Waist to the feet
Mommes
Mommes (mm) is a unit of weight traditionally used to measure the density of silk. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons It is similar to the use of thread count for cotton fabrics. Denier Denier is a unit of measure for the Linear mass density of Fibers. Mommes express the weight in pounds, of a piece of material of size 45 inches by 100 yards. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. A yard (abbreviation yd) is a unit of Length in several different systems including English units Imperial units and United
Silk is measured by weight either by grams or by momme (mm). 28 grams = 1 ounce. 8 momme = 1 oz.
The usual range of momme weight for different weaves of silk are:
- Habutai - 5 to 16 mm
- Chiffon - 6 to 8 mm (can be made in double thickness, i. Habutai or Habotai is one of the most basic Plain weaves Whilst it was traditionally woven in Japan, most Habutai is today woven in China. Chiffon, from the French word for a Cloth or rag is a lightweight balanced plain-woven sheer fabric woven of alternate S- e. 12 to 16 mm)
- Crepe de Chine - 12 to 16 mm
- Gauze - 3 to 5 mm
- Raw silk - 35 to 40 mm (heavier silks appear more 'wooly')
- Organza - 4 to 6 mm
Tex
Tex is a unit of measure for the linear mass density of fibers and is defined as the mass in grams per 1000 meters. Crape (an Anglicized version of the Fr crêpe) is a Silk fabric of a gauzy texture having a peculiar crisp or crimpy appearance Gauze is a thin Translucent fabric with a loose open Weave. Its name may derive etymologically from the Persian word for Noil is the short Fiber left over from Combing Wool or spinning Silk. Organza is a thin Plain weave, sheer fabric traditionally made from Silk, the continuous filament of silkworms. Tex is more likely to be used in Canada and Europe, while denier remains more common in the United States. The unit code is "tex". The most commonly used unit is actually the decitex, abbreviated dtex, which is the mass in grams per 10,000 meters. deci- (symbol d) is a prefix in the SI system of units denoting a factor of 10−1 (1/10 When measuring objects that consist of multiple fibers the term "filament tex" is sometimes used, referring to the mass in grams per 10,000 meters of a single filament.
Tex is used for measuring fiber size in many products, including cigarette filters, optical cable, yarn, and fabric.
One can calculate the diameter of a filament given its weight in dtex with the following formula:
where ρ represents the material's density in grams per cubic centimeter and the diameter is in cm.
Thread
Thread is a cotton yarn measure, equal to 54 inches. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp
Thread count
Thread count is a measure of the coarseness or fineness of fabric. It is measured by counting the number of threads contained in one square inch of fabric, including both the length (warp) and width (weft) threads. In Weaving, the warp is the set of lengthwise Yarns through which the Weft is woven WEFT Champaign 901FM is a Community radio station in Champaign Illinois, founded in 1981 and owned by Prairie Air Inc It is used especially in regard to cotton linens such as bed sheets. Linen is a Textile made from the Fibers of the Flax plant Linum usitatissimum. A bed sheet is a large piece of cloth used to cover a Mattress.
Thread count is a simple measure of fabric quality, so that "standard" cotton thread counts are around 150 while good-quality sheets start at 180 and a count of 200 or higher is considered percale. Percale is a closely woven plain-weave fabric often used for bed linens Extremely high thread counts (typically over 500) tend to be misleading as they usually use 'plied' yarns. In the Textile arts, plying is a process used to create a strong balanced Yarn. i. e. one yarn that is made by twisting together multiple finer threads. For marketing purposes, a fabric with 250 yarns in both the vertical and horizontal direction could have the component threads counted to a 1000 thread count although "according to the National Textile Association, which cites the international standards group ASTM, accepted industry practice is to count each thread as one, even threads spun with two- or three-ply yarn. ASTM International ( ASTM) originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials is an international Standards organization that develops and publishes The Federal Trade Commission agrees and recently issued a warning that consumers 'could be deceived or misled' by inflated thread counts. The Federal Trade Commission ( FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act "[1]
In 2002, ASTM proposed a definition for "thread count" [2] that has been called "the industry's first formal definition for thread count" [3].
Older, informal definitions include the "U. S. Customs Harmonized Tariff Schedule, which states each ply should be counted as one using the "average yarn number. " [4]"
See also
References
External links
The Handle-o-Meter is a testing machine developed by Johnson & Johnson and now manufactured by Thwing-Albert that measures the "handle" i A micron ( Micrometre) is the measurement used to express the diameter of a Wool fibre The tog is a measure of Thermal resistance, commonly used in the Textile industry, and often seen quoted on for example Duvets The Shirley InstituteDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic