The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census conducted by the Census Bureau during June 1880. The United States Census is a decennial Census mandated by the United States Constitution. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census [1] It was the first time that women were permitted to be enumerators. [2].
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Data collected
Five schedules were authorized by the 1880 census act, four of which were filled out by the enumerators:[3]
- Schedule 1 (Population), which was similar to that used for the previous census, with a few exceptions. [4]
- Schedule 2 (Mortality), which used the same inquiries as in 1870, and added inquiries to record marital status, birth place of parents, length of residence in the United States or territory, and name of place where the disease was contracted, if other than place of death. A person's marital status describes their relationship with a significant other
- Schedule 3 (Agriculture), which greatly expanded inquiries concerning various crops (including acreage for principal crop), and included questions on farm tenure, weeks of hired labor, annual cost for fence building and repair, fertilizer purchases, and the number of livestock.
- Schedule 5 (Manufacturing), which expanded to include information on the greatest number of hands employed at any time during the year, the number of hours in the ordinary work day from May to November and November to May, the average daily wages paid to skilled mechanics and laborers, months of full-and part-time operation, and machinery used.
Schedule 4 (Social statistics) was the responsibility of experts and special agents, rather than the enumerators. [3] The majority of the data came from correspondence with officials of institutions providing care and treatment of certain members of the population. Experts and special agents also were employed to collect data on valuation, taxation, and indebtedness; religion; libraries; colleges, academies, and schools; newspapers and periodicals, and wages. [3]
Special agents were also charged with collecting data on specific industries through out the country, and included the manufactures of iron and steel; cotton, woolen, and worsted goods; silk and silk goods; chemical products and salt; coke and glass; shipbuilding; and all aspects of fisheries and mining, including the production of coal and petroleum. [3]
Results
The 1880 census determined the resident population of the United States to be 50,189,209, an increase of 30. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 2 percent over the 38,558,371 persons enumerated during the 1870 Census. In Mathematics and theoretical Computer science, the broadest and most abstract definition of an enumeration of a set is an exact listing of all of its [5] The mean center of United States population for 1880 was in Boone County, Kentucky. The mean center of US population is determined by the United States Census Bureau after tabulating the results of each census Boone County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky.
The results from the census were used to determine the apportionment for the 48th, 49th, 50th, 51st, and 52nd sessions of the United States Congress. The Apportionment Bill is an act passed by the Congress of the United States after each decennial Census to determine the number of members which each state shall United States congressional apportionment is the redistribution of the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives among the 50 states in consequence The Forty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Forty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Fiftieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and the The Fifty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Fifty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses
The 1880 census took so long (seven years) that the Census Bureau contracted Herman Hollerith to design and build a tabulating machine to be used for the next census. Herman Hollerith ( February 29, 1860 &ndash November 17, 1929) was a German-American statistician who developed a See also Unit record equipment The tabulating machine was a machine designed to assist in Tabulations.
The 1880 census also led to the discovery of the Alabama paradox.
See also
References
- ^ 1880 Census: Instructions to Enumerators from IPUMS, a website of the Minnesota Population Center at the University of Minnesota
- ^ From Inkwell To Internet: 1880 from the U. Totals and Estimates Post-War Baby Boom In the years after WWII the United States as well as a number of other industrialized countries experienced an unexpected IPUMS is an acronym for the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. S. Census Bureau
- ^ a b c d 1880 Census of Population and Housing from the U. S. Census Bureau
- ^ Scanned images of Schedule 1 (both low-resolution and high-resolution) are available from Historical Forms and Questions: 1880 at the U. S. Census Bureau website
- ^ Resident Population of the United States from a State of Wyoming website
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