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Document sign in Kreva on August 14, 1385
Document sign in Kreva on August 14, 1385
Poland and Lithuania in 1387
Poland and Lithuania in 1387

The Union of Krewo[1], also known as Krėva Act[2] (other names Union of Krevo, Act of Kreva) was a set of promises of Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania for marriage between him and the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland. Kreva (Крэва 'krɛva Krėva Krevas Krewo is a township in Hrodna Voblast, Belarus. Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. The Title grand duke (in Latin, magnus dux; in Spanish, gran duque; in Russian, Великий Герцог Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Jadwiga of Anjou (1373/4 – July 17 1399 was King of Poland from 1384 to her death Through this marriage a personal or dynastic union between Poland and Lithuania was created. A dynastic union is the combination by which two different states are governed by the same Monarch or Dynasty, while their boundaries their laws and their interests The document was signed in the town of Kreva on August 14, 1385, and provided for the following:

Parties in the act's negotiations were Jogaila and four of his close kinsmen on one part, and underage Jadwiga's mother the Dowager Queen Elisabeth, Regent of Hungary and some Polish representatives on the other. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Ruthenia is a geographic and culturo-ethnic name applied to the parts of Eastern Europe populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to the past various Elizabeth of Bosnia (1340 &ndash 1387 was the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Hungary and Poland. The act appears as Jogaila's promises given to bridal family for conditions of marriage, and no commitment from the bride's party seems to have been signed.

The result was the coronation of Jogaila as King of Poland, jure uxoris the next year and his baptism. Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Jogaila's new baptismal name Wladislaus was chosen in honor of Jadwiga's great-grandfather king Władysław I the Elbow-high, the penultimate Piast to occupy the royal throne of Poland and the unifier of the fragmented country. Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. Władysław the Short or Elbow-high (or Ladislaus I of Poland) ( Władysław I Łokietek) (1261 - March 2 1333 was a King of Poland. Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko The regnal number "II" for the new king is a later invention, as is his Lithuanian name's polonized version "Jagiełło". Ordinal numbers or regnal numbers are used to distinguish among persons with the same name who held the same office Any contemporaneous double use of both names Wladyslaw and Jagiello together is dubious. Today the Poles refer to him as Władysław II Jagiełło.

For some time, the Polish nobility had been dissatisfied with their dynastic connections with Hungary, and given shared interests such as opposition to the Teutonic Knights and the growing threat of Muscovy, leaders of both states felt a union between them would allow for greater strength in the face of external threats. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and

While Władysław II Jagiełło and Jadwiga ruled over both Poland and Lithuania, real power in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania came to rest with his cousin, Vytautas the Great, who followed a generally independent policy there. Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. Jadwiga of Anjou (1373/4 – July 17 1399 was King of Poland from 1384 to her death The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje Vytautas the Great ( Lithuanian:; Vitaŭt; Latin: Alexander Vitoldus; Witold Ruthenian: Vitovt; c Upon the death of Queen Jadwiga in 1399, Władysław II Jagiełło was left as sole ruler of Poland and the first of the Jagiellonian kings. Jadwiga of Anjou (1373/4 – July 17 1399 was King of Poland from 1384 to her death Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. The Jagiellons (Jogailaičiai Jagiellonowie were a royal Dynasty originating from Lithuanian House of Gediminas dynasty that reigned in Central European His command over joint Polish-Lithuanian forces was crucial to the defeat of the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. The Battle of Grunwald (or 1st Battle of Tannenberg) took place on 15 July 1410 with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by

Only the Union of Lublin (1569) created permanent union between Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after which the federal state Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was established. The Union of Lublin (Liublino unija Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія Polish: Unia The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Finally, the Constitution of May 3, 1791 declared that both states were one, albeit this was denounced in October 20th amendments (Zaręczenie Wzajemne Obojga Narodów). The Constitution of May 3 1791 (Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja Gegužės trečiosios konstitucija Канстытуцыя трэцьега траўня is generally recognized as Zaręczenie Wzajemne Obojga Narodów (translated as Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations, Reciprocal Warranty of Two Nations) was an executive addenddum to the Polish Soon, they were separated in form, but most of the 19th century they spent under Russia, although administratively separate. In early 20th century, both established their independence and since then, they have not been together in any formal sense.

See also

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Notes and references

In-line:
  1. ^ The document was discovered in 1837 and since then the Polish historiographic tradition calls it "Union of Krewo". The Christianization of Lithuania (Lietuvos krikštas was the event that took place in 1387 initiated by the Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a federal monarchic republic comprising the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from 1569 until 1795 Międzymorze was a project pursued after World War I by Józef Piłsudski, of a Polish -led Federation of Central and The castle where the original document was signed was on a territory of Jogaila's Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje The original Latin version of document used the name of "Krew" (which indicates that the vowel in the end of the name, if even existed at the time, may have been almost silent; and in any case, we know that the last consonant was and is pronounced v). 16 century documents in Ruthenian language, which was used in Grand Duchy of Lithuania chancellery, used the name of "Крево" - Krevo, the end vowel tending to be pronounced more as "a". Ruthenian (also Modern Lithuanian name of the place is "Krėva" and the historical one - "Krevas". Lithuanian ( lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. Currently it is a town in Belarus, named Kreva (Крэва).
  2. ^ There is no basis for calling this document an interstate treaty. On the invitation of the political elite of the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duke Jogaila of Lithuania married Jadwiga and having safeguarded his patrimonial right to rule the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he was crowned King of Poland.
  3. ^ Applicare is a Latin word which could be translated as following: to join, fix, attach to or to adjust.
General:
  1. Subtelny, Orest (1988). Orest Subtelny (b 1943 in Kraków) - is a Canadian Historian of Ukrainian descent Ukraine: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-5808-6.  
  2. 1385 m. rugpjūčio 14 d. Krėvos aktas" (The Krėva Act of August 14, 1385), Vilnius: Žara, 2002, ISBN 9986-34-080-2
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