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Home plate umpire Gary Darling signals that the last pitch was a strike
Home plate umpire Gary Darling signals that the last pitch was a strike

In baseball, the umpire is the person charged with officiating the game, including beginning and ending the game, enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds, making judgment calls on plays, and meting out discipline. Gary Richard Darling (born October 9 1957 in San Francisco California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each [1] The term is often shortened to the colloquial form ump. They are also sometimes addressed as blue due to the color of the uniform some umpires wear. Although games were often officiated by a sole umpire in the formative years of the sport, from the turn of the 20th century onward officiating has been commonly divided among several umpires, who form the umpiring crew.

Contents

Duties and positions

In a game officiated by two or more umpires, the umpire-in-chief (commonly referred to as the "plate umpire") is the umpire who is positioned behind home plate. This umpire calls balls and strikes, calls fair balls and foul balls short of first/third base, and makes most calls concerning the batter or concerning baserunners near home plate. Strike Zone is a Star Trek The Next Generation novel by Peter David. In Baseball, a fair ball is a batted ball that has not yet become a Foul ball, and that In Baseball, a foul ball is a batted ball that is not a Foul tip, and that passes out of the playing field in flight while over foul In Baseball, batting is the act of facing the opposing Pitcher and trying to produce offense for one's team In Baseball, baserunning is the act of running around the bases performed by members of the team at bat [1] If another umpire leaves the infield to cover a potential play in foul ground or in the outfield, then the plate umpire may move to cover a potential play near second or third base. (The umpire-in-chief should not be confused with the crew chief, who is often a different umpire; see below. ) In the event that an umpire is injured, and only three remain, generally the second base position will be left vacant.

In nearly all levels of organized baseball, including the majors, an umpiring crew rotates so that each umpire in the crew works each position, including plate umpire, an equal number of games. In the earliest days of baseball, however, many senior umpires always worked the plate, with Hall of Fame umpire Bill Klem being the last umpire to do so. William Joseph Klem, born William Joseph Klimm ( February 22 1874 – September 16 1951) known as the "father of Baseball Klem did so for the first 16 years of his career. [2] On the Major League level, an umpiring crew generally rotates positions clockwise each game; for example, the plate umpire in one game would umpire third base in the next.

Other umpires are called base umpires and are commonly stationed near the bases. (Field umpire is a less-common term. ) When two umpires are used, the second umpire is simply the base umpire. This umpire will make most calls concerning runners on the bases and nearby plays, as well as in the middle of the outfield. When three umpires are used, the second umpire is called the first-base umpire and the third umpire is called the third-base umpire, even though they may move to different positions on the field as the play demands. [1] These two umps also call checked swings, if asked by the plate umpire (often requested by catcher or defensive manager): the first base umpire for right-handed batters, and the third base umpire for left-handed batters; to indicate a checked swing, the ump will make a "safe" gesture with his arms. A checked swing is a type of swing in Baseball. A checked swing occurs when a batter starts to swing for the ball but stops the swing shortly before the ball reaches home To indicate a full swing, he will clench his fist.

When four umpires are used (as is the case for all regular season MLB games), each umpire is named for the base at which he is stationed. Sometimes a league will provide six umpires; the extra two are stationed along the outfield foul lines are called the left-field and right-field umpires (or simply outfield umpires). In Major League Baseball, outfield umpires are only used during the post-season playoffs and World Series and the All-Star Game. A playoff or final in Sports is a game or series of games played after the regular season is over with the goal of determining a league champion or a similar accolade For other events named "World Series" see World Series (disambiguation. The Major League Baseball All-Star Game, also popularly known as the "Midsummer Classic" is an annual Baseball game between players from the National League [3] Rulings on catches of batted balls are usually made by the umpire closest to the play.

The term umpire-in-chief is not to be confused with the crew chief, who is usually the most experienced umpire in a crew. At the major-league and high minor-league (Class AAA and AA) level, the crew chief acts as a liaison between the league office and the crew and has a supervisory role over other members of the crew. [4]

For example, on the Major League level, "[t]he Crew Chief shall coordinate and direct his crew's compliance with the Office of the Commissioner's rules and policies. Other Crew Chief responsibilities include: leading periodic discussions and reviews of situations, plays and rules with his crew; generally directing the work of the other umpires on the crew, with particular emphasis on uniformity in dealing with unique situations; assigning responsibilities for maintaining time limits during the game; ensuring the timely filing of all required crew reports for incidents such as ejections, brawls and protested games; and reporting to the Office of Commissioner any irregularity in field conditions at any ballpark. "[4] Thus, on the professional level, some of the duties assigned to the umpire-in-chief (the plate umpire) in the Official Baseball Rules have been reassigned to the crew chief, regardless of the crew chief's umpiring position during a specific game. Baseball rules differ slightly from league to league but in general share the same basic gameplay

Unlike referees in American football, an umpire's judgment call is final, unless the umpire making the call chooses to ask his partner(s) for help and then decides to reverse it after the discussion. In American football, an official is a person who has responsibility in enforcing the rules and maintaining the order of the game American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with [1] If an umpire seems to make an error in rule interpretation, his call, in some leagues, can be officially protested. [1] If the umpire is persistent in his or her interpretation, the matter will be settled at a later time by a league official.

In the early years of professional baseball, umpires were not engaged by the league, but rather by agreement between the team captains. However, by the start of the modern era in 1901, this had become a league responsibility. There is now a unitary major league umpiring roster, though until the start of the 21st century, there were separate American League and National League rosters.

Amateur umpiring

An amateur umpire is an umpire who officiates amateur baseball. In this case, the term "amateur" refers to the level of baseball officiated, not the status of the umpire. Many amateur umpires are paid and thus might be considered professionals, while some amateur umpires are unpaid. This article is about people called professionals For the Movie, see The Professional or Leon. For instance, according to the Little League Baseball/Softball rule book, umpires should be volunteers and not be paid. [5]

There are numerous organizations that train/test anyone interested in umpiring for local leagues and can help make connections to the leagues in the area. Little League and the Babe Ruth League are two of the most popular organizations when it comes to youth baseball and each have their own application, test, and training process for becoming an umpire. Little League Baseball is the name of a Non-profit organization in the United States which organizes local children's leagues of baseball and Softball Babe Ruth League is a youth Baseball program The organization's headquarters are on Lawrence Township, New Jersey, United States. In Canada many municipalities run their own amateur baseball leagues for children and hire umpires. Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec runs a large association which hires many umpires and pays approximately $25 per game. Dollard-des-Ormeaux (also spelled Dollard-Des Ormeaux; often referred to as D Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk

For the Little League World Series amateur umpires from around the world participate in this event on a completely volunteer basis. The Little League World Series is a Baseball Tournament for children aged 11 12 and 13 years old However, to get to this point umpires must go participate at various levels of All-Star tournaments ranging from district to regional to state tournaments. [5]

Umpire training and career development

Becoming a Major League Baseball umpire is a long and tough road, with very low odds of success. It often takes from 7-8 years to achieve MLB status. First, a person desiring to become a professional umpire must attend one of two private umpiring schools authorized by Major League Baseball: The Jim Evans Academy of Professional Umpiring or The Harry Wendelstedt Umpire School. James Bremond Evans (born November 5 1946 in Longview Texas) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American The Harry Wendelstedt Umpire School is one of two schools training umpires for professional Baseball. [6] Both schools are run by former Major League umpires and are located in Florida. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the There are no prerequisites for attending these schools, however, there is an Umpire Camp, run by Major League Baseball, that is generally considered a "tool for success" at either of these schools. These camps, offered as two separate one-week sessions, are held in November in Southern California. Top students at these camps are eligible to earn scholarships to either of the professional umpire schools in Florida. [1]

After five weeks of training, each school sends its top students to the Professional Baseball Umpires Corp. (PBUC) evaluation course also held in Florida. [2] The actual number of students sent on to the evaluation course is determined by PBUC with input from the umpire schools. [3] Generally, the top 10 to 20 percent of each school's graduating class advance to the evaluation course. The evaluation course is conducted by PBUC staff, which differs in personnel from the staff at the respective umpire schools. [4] The evaluation course generally lasts around 10 days. Depending on the number of available positions in the various minor leagues, some (but not all) of the evaluation course attendees will be assigned to a low level minor league. Part of the History of baseball series Minor league baseball is a hierarchy of Professional baseball leagues in North

Professional umpires begin their careers in one of the Class "A" leagues, which are divided into four levels (rookie, short-season, long-season and advanced "A"). Part of the History of baseball series Minor league baseball is a hierarchy of Professional baseball leagues in North [5] Top umpiring prospects will often begin their careers in a short-season "A" league (for example, the New York-Penn League), but most will begin in a rookie league (for example, the Gulf Coast League). The New York - Penn League is a Minor league baseball league which operates in the northeastern United States. The Gulf Coast League is a Minor league baseball league which operates in Florida.

Throughout the season all minor league umpires in Class A and Class AA are evaluated by members of the PBUC staff. [6] All umpires receive a detailed written evaluation of their performance after every season. [7] In addition, all umpires, except those in the rookie or short "A" leagues, receive written mid-season evaluations. [8]

Generally, an umpire is regarded as making adequate progress "up the ranks" if he advances up one level of Class "A" ball each year (thus earning promotion to Class AA after three to four years) and promotion to Class AAA after two to three years on the Class AA level. However, this is a very rough estimate and other factors not discussed (such as a lack of or overwhelming number of retirements at higher levels) may dramatically affect these estimates. For example, many umpires saw rapid advancement in 1999 due to the mass resignation of many Major League umpires as a collective bargaining ploy. Collective bargaining is the process whereby workers organize together to meet converse and compromise upon the work environment with their employers

When promoted to the Class AAA level, an umpire's evaluation will also be conducted by the umpiring supervisory staff of Major League Baseball. In recent years, top AAA prospects, in addition to umpiring and being evaluated during the regular season (in either the International or Pacific Coast League) have been required to umpire in the Arizona Fall League where they receive extensive training and evaluation by Major League Baseball staff. The International League ( IL) is a Minor league baseball league which operates in the eastern United States. The Pacific Coast League (PCL is a Minor league baseball league operating in the West and Midwest of the United States.

In addition, top AAA prospects may also be rewarded with umpiring only Major League pre-season games during spring training (in lieu of Class AAA games). Additionally, the very top prospects may umpire Major League regular season games on a limited basis as "fill-in" umpires (where the Class AAA umpire replaces a sick, injured or vacationing Major League umpire).

Finally, upon the retirement (or firing) of a Major League umpire, a top Class AAA umpire will be promoted to Major League Baseball's permanent umpire staff. During this entire process, if an umpire is evaluated as no longer being a major-league prospect, he (or she) will be released, ending their professional career. In all, PBUC estimates that it will take an umpire seven to eight years of professional umpiring before he will be considered for a major league position. [9]

There are currently 70 umpires on Major League Baseball's permanent staff, and 22 Class AAA umpires eligible to umpire regular season Major League games as a "fill-in" umpire. [10]

Major league umpires earn $100,000 to $300,000 per year depending on their experience, with a $357 per diem for hotel and meals. [11] Minor league umpires earn between $1,800 to $3,400 per month during the season. The exact amount is based on the umpire's classification and experience. [12]

Famous umpires

Hall of Fame

Umpires are eligible for induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame for their accomplishments, and eight umpires have been thus inducted:

Numbers Retired by Major League Baseball

Like players, umpires are identified by a number on their uniform. Albert Joseph Barlick ( April 2 The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball Nestor George Chylak Jr ( May 11 1922 - February 17 1982) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in John Bertrand "Jocko" Conlan ( December 6, 1899 - April 16, 1989) was an American Hall of Fame umpire The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball Thomas Henry Connolly ( December 31, 1870 - April 28, 1961) was an English - American umpire in Major League William George Evans ( February 10 1884 &ndash January 23 1956) nicknamed "The Boy Umpire" was an American The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in Robert Calvin Hubbard ( October 31, 1900 &ndash October 17, 1977) was an American professional football player and later The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in William Joseph Klem, born William Joseph Klimm ( February 22 1874 – September 16 1951) known as the "father of Baseball The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball William Aloysius McGowan ( January 18 1896 - December 9 1954) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in Major League Baseball, from time to time retires those numbers for umpires who have given outstanding service to the game, or in honor of umpires who have died. [13]

Longest major league careers

See also Major League Baseball umpiring records. William Joseph Klem, born William Joseph Klimm ( February 22 1874 – September 16 1951) known as the "father of Baseball The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball Nicholas Gregory Bremigan ( April 4 1945 - March 28 1989) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in John Bertrand "Jocko" Conlan ( December 6, 1899 - April 16, 1989) was an American Hall of Fame umpire The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball Albert Joseph Barlick ( April 2 The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball William Gustave James Kunkel ( July 7 1936 - May 4 1985) was an American right-handed Relief pitcher in Major League The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in Louis John DiMuro ( April 24 1931 - June 7 1982) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in Arlington is a Suburb of Fort Worth in Tarrant County, Texas ( USA) within the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area Michael Ryan DiMuro (born October 12 1967 in Dunkirk New York) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. The following include various records set by umpires in Major League Baseball.
Most games

(through end of 2007 season)

Most seasons

Careers beginning prior to 1920:

Careers beginning from 1920 to 1960:

Careers beginning since 1960:

Others

Other noteworthy umpires have included:

Umpire Families

AL Umpire Ed Runge-Father of NL Umpire Paul Runge and grandfather of current MLB umpire Brian Runge

AL umpire Lou DiMuro-Father of current MLB umpire Mike DiMuro

NL Umpire Harry Wendelstedt-Father of current MLB umpire Hunter Wendelstedt

Brothers Mark Hirschbeck and John Hirschbeck

Brothers Tim Welke and Bill Welke

Father Shag Crawford and son Jerry Crawford

2008 umpiring crews

These are the crews of umpires for the 2008 MLB season. Joseph Norbert Brinkman (born April 9 1944 in Little Falls Minnesota) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the Edward Michael Montague (born November 3 1948 in San Francisco California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Harry Hunter Wendelstedt Jr (born July 27 1938 in Baltimore Maryland) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in Lawrence Robert Barnett (born January 3 1945 in Nitro West Virginia) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the Gerald Joseph Crawford (born August 13 1947 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is an umpire for Major League Baseball. Harold Douglas Harvey (born March 13 1930 in South Gate California) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the Emmett Littleton Ashford ( November 23 1914 &ndash March 1 1980) nicknamed "Ash" was the first African American umpire William Henry Dinneen, alternately spelled Dineen ( April 5 1876 - January 13 1955) was an American right-handed In Baseball, a no-hitter (also known as a no-hit game, or colloquially a no-no) refers to a game in which one of the teams prevented the other from getting August Joseph Donatelli ( August 22 1914 - May 24 1990) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked James Bremond Evans (born November 5 1946 in Longview Texas) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American John H Gaffney ( June 29 1855 - August 8 1913) nicknamed the "King of Umpires" and "Honest John" was an American The Players' National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs, popularly known as the Players' League (sometimes rendered as Players League) was a short-lived but Ronald Michael Luciano ( Timothy Reid McClelland (born December 12 1951 in Jackson Michigan) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the John Patrick McSherry ( September 11 1944 &mdash April 1 1996) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball James Michael "Jake" O'Donnell (born January 25 1939 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is a former sports official who worked as a Francis H "Silk" O'Loughlin ( 1870 - December 20 1918) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked John Edward "Beans" Reardon ( November 23 1897 - July 31 1984) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball John F Sheridan ( 1862 - November 2 1914) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball. Pam Postema (born April 1954) is a Baseball umpire most notable for being the first female to ever officiate a Major League Baseball Spring Edward Paul Runge (born May 12, 1918 in Buffalo New York - July 25, 2002 in San Diego California) was a Baseball Paul Edward Runge (born October 20 1941 in St Catharines Ontario, Canada) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball Brian Edward Runge (born January 5 1970 in San Diego California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Louis John DiMuro ( April 24 1931 - June 7 1982) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in Michael Ryan DiMuro (born October 12 1967 in Dunkirk New York) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Harry Hunter Wendelstedt Jr (born July 27 1938 in Baltimore Maryland) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in Harry Hunter Wendelstedt III (born June 22 1971 in Atlanta Georgia) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the John Francis Hirschbeck (born September 7 1954 in Bridgeport Connecticut) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in Timothy James Welke (born August 23 1957 in Pontiac Michigan) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who was named to the American Henry Charles "Shag" Crawford ( August 30 1916 - July 11 2007) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball Gerald Joseph Crawford (born August 13 1947 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is an umpire for Major League Baseball. Crews frequently change over the course of the year as umpires are sometimes detached from their crew (so they do not work in their home city), or are injured. [7]

MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL - OPENING DAY UMPIRING CREWS 2008
Crew Crew Chief Umpire 2 Umpire 3 Umpire 4
Crew A 36 Tim McClelland 27 Larry Vanover 57 Mike Everitt 16 Mike DiMuro
Crew B 5 Dale Scott 29 Bill Hohn 46 Ron Kulpa 58 Dan Iassogna
Crew C 4 Tim Tschida 66 Jim Joyce 45 Jeff Nelson 48 Mark Carlson
Crew D 37 Gary Darling 41 Jerry Meals 26 Bill Miller 50 Paul Emmel
Crew E 3 Tim Welke 14 Chuck Meriwether 52 Bill Welke  ?? AAA fill-in umpire
Crew F 13 Derryl Cousins 55 Ángel Hernández 56 Eric Cooper 60 Marty Foster
Crew G 12 Gerry Davis 9 Brian Gorman 1 Bruce Dreckman 34 Sam Holbrook
Crew H 38 Gary Cederstrom 25 Fieldin Culbreth 77 Jim Reynolds 95 Tim Timmons
Crew I 31 Mike Reilly 61 Bob Davidson 72 Alfonso Márquez 49 Andy Fletcher
Crew J 22 Joe West 19 Ed Rapuano 54 C. B. Bucknor 15 Ed Hickox
Crew K 11 Ed Montague 24 Jerry Layne 10 Phil Cuzzi 78 Jim Wolf
Crew L 30 Randy Marsh 33 Mike Winters 21 Hunter Wendelstedt 51 Marvin Hudson
Crew M 2 Jerry Crawford 20 Tom Hallion 7 Brian O'Nora 96 Paul Nauert
Crew N 23 Rick Reed 8 Jeff Kellogg 47 Mark Wegner 59 Tony Randazzo
Crew O 32 Dana DeMuth 65 Ted Barrett 88 Doug Eddings 67 Lance Barksdale
Crew P 18 Charlie Reliford 44 Kerwin Danley 53 Greg Gibson 71 Brian Runge
Crew Q 17 John Hirschbeck 35 Wally Bell 43 Paul Schrieber 63 Laz Díaz
DL 39 Larry Poncino

For other umpires, see Category:Baseball umpires and List of baseball umpires

Origin of the word "umpire"

According to the Middle English Dictionary entry for noumpere, the predecessor of umpire, came from the Old French nonper (from non, "not" + per, "equal"), meaning "one who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people", or that the arbiter is not paired with anyone in the dispute. Timothy Reid McClelland (born December 12 1951 in Jackson Michigan) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Mike G Everitt (born August 22 1964 in Gallup New Mexico) is a Major League Baseball umpire who has worked in the American Michael Ryan DiMuro (born October 12 1967 in Dunkirk New York) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Dale Allan Scott (born August 14 1959 in Eugene Oregon) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Ronald Clarence Kulpa (born October 5 1968 in St Louis Missouri) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Daniel Ralph Iassogna (born May 3 1969 in Bridgeport Connecticut) is an umpire in Major League Baseball Timothy Joseph Tschida (born May 4 1960 in St Paul Minnesota) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. James A Joyce III (born October 3 1955 in Toledo Ohio) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the American Jeffrey Brian Nelson (born in Orlando Florida) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who was named to the National League staff prior to the Gary Richard Darling (born October 9 1957 in San Francisco California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball William Scott Miller (born May 31 1967 in Vallejo California) is a Major League Baseball umpire who began his career in the Paul Lewis Emmel (born May 2 1968 in Midland Michigan) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the National Timothy James Welke (born August 23 1957 in Pontiac Michigan) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who was named to the American Julius Edward "Chuck" Meriwether (born June 30 1956 in Nashville Tennessee) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Derryl Cousins (born August 18 1946 in Fresno California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the American Ángel Hernández (born August 26 1961 in Havana, Cuba) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Martin Robert Foster (born November 25 1963 in Denver Colorado) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Gerald Sidney Davis (born February 22, 1953 in St Louis, Missouri) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Brian Scott Gorman (born June 11 1959 in Whitestone, Queens, New York City) is an umpire in Major League Baseball Gary L Cederstrom (born October 4 1955 in Bismarck North Dakota) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Fieldin Henry Culbreth III (born March 16 1963 in Spartanburg South Carolina) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Timothy Forbes Timmons (born December 30 1967 in Columbus Ohio) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked throughout Michael Eugene Reilly (born July 2, 1949 in Sioux City, Iowa) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Robert Allan Davidson (born August 3 1952 in Chicago Illinois) is a professional umpire. Alfonso Márquez (born April 12 1972 in Zacatecas Zac, Mexico) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in Joseph Henry West (born October 31 1952) is an American umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the National League Edward Stephen Rapuano Jr (born September 30 1957 in New Haven Connecticut) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked C B Bucknor (born August 23 1962 in Savanna-la-Mar, Jamaica) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in Edwin William Hickox (born July 31 1962 in Deland Florida) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Edward Michael Montague (born November 3 1948 in San Francisco California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Jerry Blake Layne (born September 28 1958 in Pikeville Kentucky) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Philip Cuzzi (born August 29 1955 in Newark New Jersey) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who initially worked in the James Michael Wolf (born July 24 1969 in West Hills California) is a Major League Baseball umpire. Randall Gilbert Marsh (born April 8 1949 in Covington Kentucky) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Michael John Winters (born November 19 1958 in Oceanside California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Harry Hunter Wendelstedt III (born June 22 1971 in Atlanta Georgia) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Marvin Lee Hudson (born March 3 1964 in Marietta Georgia) is a Major League Baseball umpire who began his career in the Gerald Joseph Crawford (born August 13 1947 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is an umpire for Major League Baseball. Rick Alan Reed (born March 3 1950 in Detroit Michigan) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Jeffrey William Kellogg (born August 29 1961 in Coldwater Michigan) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Mark Patrick Wegner (born March 4 1972 in Saint Paul Minnesota) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who will be supervised by Dana Andrew DeMuth (born May 30, 1956, in Fremont Ohio) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Edward George "Ted" Barrett (born July 31 1965 in Pasco Washington) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Douglas Leon Eddings (born September 14, 1968 in Las Cruces New Mexico) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Charles Harold Reliford (born September 19 1956 in Ashland Kentucky in the United States) is an umpire in American Major League Kerwin Joseph Danley (born May 25 1961 in Los Angeles California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Gregory Allan Gibson (born October 2 1968 in Ironton Ohio) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the National Brian Edward Runge (born January 5 1970 in San Diego California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the John Francis Hirschbeck (born September 7 1954 in Bridgeport Connecticut) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in Wallace Robert Bell (born January 10 1965 in Ravenna Ohio) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the National Paul Warren Schrieber (born June 30 1966 in Eugene Oregon) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Lazaro Antonio Díaz (born March 29 1963 in Miami Florida) is an umpire in Major League Baseball. Middle English is the name given by Historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of A dictionary is a book of alphabetically listed Words in a specific language with definitions etymologies pronunciations and other information or a book of alphabetically Old French was the Romance Dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium

In Middle English, the earliest form of this shows up as noumper around 1350, and the earliest version without the n shows up as owmpere, a variant spelling in Middle English, circa 1440.

The n was lost after it was written (in 1426-1427) as a noounpier with the a being the indefinite article. The leading n became attached to the article, changing it to an Oumper around 1475; this sort of linguistic shift is called juncture loss. Juncture loss (also known as junctural metanalysis, false splitting, misdivision, refactorization, or rebracketing) is the Thus today we say "an umpire" instead of "a numpire. "

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Official Rules: 9.00 The Umpire. MBL. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  2. ^ Haudricourt, Tom. "Chief among game's umpires", Journal Sentinel, 2007-04-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John  
  3. ^ Special Event selection. MBL. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  4. ^ a b 2007 MLB Umpire Crews. MBL. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  5. ^ a b Umpires Home. Little League. Little League Baseball is the name of a Non-profit organization in the United States which organizes local children's leagues of baseball and Softball Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  6. ^ Where are the Professional Umpire Schools Located?. MiLB. Part of the History of baseball series Minor league baseball is a hierarchy of Professional baseball leagues in North Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  7. ^ The Official Site of Major League Baseball: Official info: Umpires: Crews

External links

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