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Umm Kulthum

Born Umm Kulthum Ebrahim Elbeltagi
December 31, 1904
Tamay ez-Zahayra, Egypt
Died February 3, 1975 (aged 70)
Cairo, Egypt
Cause of death Nephritis
Burial place Cairo, Egypt
Nationality Egyptian
Occupation Singer, Actress
Religious beliefs Islam
Spouse Hassen El Hefnaoui
This article is about Egyptian singer. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Nephritis is Inflammation of the Kidney. The word comes from the Greek nephro- meaning "of the kidney" and -itis meaning "inflammation" Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. For other uses, see Umm Kulthum (name). Umm Kulthum or Umme Kulsum ( أم كلثوم) is a female Given name that means "Mother of Kulthum "

Umm Kulthum (Arabic: أم كلثوم; Egyptian Arabic: Om Kalsoum; the name is spelled variously using the Roman alphabet as Om Koultoum, Om Kalthoum, Oum Kalsoum, Oum Kalthum, Omm Kolsoum, Umm Kolthoum, Um Kalthoom, Omme Kolsoum, and others). Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Born أم كلثوم إبراهيم البلتاجي Umm Kulthum Ebrahim Elbeltagi; see Kunya. A kunya ( كنية) is an Honorific widely used in place of Given names through the Arab world. (May 4, 1904 – February 3, 1975) was an Egyptian singer, songwriter, and actress. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works Born in El Senbellawein, she is known as "the Star of the East" (kawkab el-sharq). El Senbellawein (السنبلاوين is a city in the Dakahlia Governorate of Egypt, about 20 km south of El-Mansurah. More than three decades after her death, she is still recognized as one of Egypt's most famous and distinguished singers of the 20th century. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. [1]

Contents

Biography

Early life

Umm Kulthum was born in Tamay ez-Zahayra village in El Senbellawein, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Dakahlia governorate (الدقهلية is an Egyptian governorate lying northeast of Cairo. Following much research, the Egyptian Ministry of Information places her actual date of birth as December 31, 1904. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on At a young age, she showed exceptional singing talents. Her father, an Imam, taught her to recite the Qur'an, and she is said to have memorized the entire book. An imam (إمام plural ائمة A'immah, امام is an Islamic leader often the leader of a Mosque and/or community The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran When she was 12 years old, her father disguised her as a young boy and entered her in a small performing troupe that he directed. At the age of 16 she was noticed by Abol Ela Mohamed, a modestly famous singer, and by the famous oudist Zakariyya Ahmad who asked her to accompany them to Cairo. The oud ( عود ʿūd, plural أعواد, a‘wād; kaban; Persian: بربط barbat; ud Zakariyya Ahmad (1896 - 1961 in Egypt; Arabic: زكريا أحمد) was an Egyptian musician and composer Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. However, she waited until 1923 before accepting the invitation.

In Cairo, she carefully avoided succumbing to the attractions of the bohemian lifestyle, and indeed throughout her life stressed her pride in her humble origins and espousal of conservative values. The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists She also maintained a tightly managed public image, which undoubtedly added to her allure.

At this point in her career, she was introduced to the famous poet Ahmad Rami, who wrote 137 songs for her. Ahmed Mohammed Rami (أحمد محمد رامى ( August 9, 1892 - June 4, 1981) (also transliterated Ahmad Mohammed Rami) was an Rami also introduced her to French literature, which he greatly admired from his studies at the Sorbonne, Paris, and eventually became her head mentor in Arabic literature and literary analysis. This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Arabic literature ( Arabic: الأدب العربي Al-Adab Al-Arabi) is the writing produced both Prose and Poetry, by speakers Furthermore, she was introduced to the renowned lute virtuoso and composer Mohamed El Qasabgi. Mohamed el-Qasabgi ( محمد القصبجي; pronounced the Egyptian dialect el-Asabgi) (1892 - March 1966 as an Egyptian musician and composer and El Qasabgi introduced Umm Kulthum to the Arabic Theatre Palace, where she would experience her first real public success. In 1932, her fame increased to the point where she embarked upon a large tour of the Middle East, touring such cities as Damascus, Baghdad, Beirut, and Tripoli. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Tripolis ( Arabic: طرابلس Ṭarābulus - also طرابلس الغرب Ṭarā-bu-lus al-Gharb Libyan vernacular:

Fame

By 1948 her fame had come to the attention of Gamal Abdel Nasser, who would later become the president of Egypt. Gamal Abdel Nasser (جمال عبد الناصر Gamāl ‘Abd an-Nāṣir; - January 15 1918 September 28 1970) was the second President The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the elected Head of State of Egypt. At one point the Egyptian musicians guild she became a member of (and later the president of), rejected her because she had sung for the then-deposed king, Faruk of Egypt. Nasser did not hide his admiration for her. When he discovered that she was no longer allowed to sing, he reportedly said something to the effect of "What are they? Crazy? Do you want Egypt to turn against us?"[2] It was his favor that made the musicians guild accept her back into the fold. In addition, Umm Kulthum was a dedicated Egyptian patriot since the time of King Farouk. Farouk I of Egypt ( Arabic: فاروق الأول Fārūq al-Awwal) ‎ (February 11 1920 &ndash March 18 1965 was the tenth ruler from the Muhammad Some claim that Umm Kulthum's popularity helped Nasser’s political agenda. For example, Nasser’s speeches and other government messages were frequently broadcast immediately after Umm Kulthum's monthly radio concerts. Umm Kulthum was also known for her continuous contributions to charity works for the Egyptian military efforts. Umm Kulthum’s monthly concerts took place on the first Thursday of every month and were renowned for their ability to clear the streets of some of the world's most populous cities as people rushed home to tune in.

Her songs deal mostly with the universal themes of love, longing and loss. They are nothing short of epic in scale, with durations measured in hours rather than minutes. A typical Umm Kulthum concert consisted of the performance of two or three songs over a period of three to six hours. In the late 1960s, due to her age, she began to shorten her performances to two songs over a period of two and a half to three hours. These performances are in some ways reminiscent of the structure of Western opera, consisting of long vocal passages linked by shorter orchestral interludes. Western culture (sometimes equated with Western Civilization) are terms which are used to refer to Cultures of European origin Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto However, Umm Kulthum was not stylistically influenced by opera.

The duration of Umm Kulthum's songs in performance was not fixed, but varied based on the level of emotive interaction between the singer and her audience. A typical improvisatory technique of hers was to repeat a single phrase or sentence of a song's lyrics over and over, subtly altering the emotive emphasis and intensity each time to bring her audiences into a euphoric and ecstatic state, and was considered to "have never sang a line the same way twice". Thus, while the official recorded length of a song such as Enta Omri (You Are My Life) is approximately 60 minutes, a live performance could extend to many hours as the singer and her audience fed off each other's emotional energy. This intense, highly personalized creative relationship, was undoubtedly one of the reasons for Umm Kulthum's tremendous success as an artist.

Acting and marriage

In parallel to her singing career, Umm Kulthum at one point pursued an acting career starring in six films; however, she quickly gave it up because of the lack of personal and emotional contact with the audience. Umm Kulthum also had an intense personal relationship with Sharif Sabri Pasha, one of the uncles of King Farouk in the 1940s; the singer was reportedly devastated when the king forbade their planned marriage. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be

In 1955, she married a dermatologist named Hassen El Hafnaoui, taking care to include a clause in the marriage contract that would allow her to initiate a divorce if necessary. Dermatology (from Greek grc δέρμα derma, "skin" and grc -λογία -logia) is a branch of Medicine dealing with The couple had no children.

Death

In 1967, Umm Kulthum was diagnosed with a severe case of nephritis. Nephritis is Inflammation of the Kidney. The word comes from the Greek nephro- meaning "of the kidney" and -itis meaning "inflammation" She gave her last concert at the Palace of the Nile in 1973. Tests at that time indicated that her illness was incurable. She moved to the United States, where she benefited for some time from the advanced medical technology, but in 1975, upon re-entering her home country, she required hospitalisation due to declining health. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Umm Kulthum died in a Cairo hospital on February 3, 1975. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Her funeral was attended by over 4 million mourners – one of the largest gatherings in history – and descended into pandemonium when the crowd seized control of her coffin and carried it to a mosque that they considered her favorite, before later releasing it for burial. This is a list of the largest historic gatherings of people for a single event

Legacy

Umm Kulthum has been a significant influence on a number of musicians, both in the Arab World and beyond. Among others, Jah Wobble has claimed her as a significant influence on his work. Jah Wobble (born John Wardle, in Stepney in 1958 is an English Bass guitarist singer Poet and Composer. Bob Dylan who is quoted as having said the deeply insightful words "She's great. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major She really is. Really great" [3][4], Maria Callas, Jean-Paul Sartre, Marie Laforêt, Salvador Dalí, Nico, Bono and Led Zeppelin are also known to be admirers of Kulthum's music. Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 &ndash 15 April 1980 commonly known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (ʒɑ̃ pol saʁtʁə was a French Marie Laforêt, born Maïténa Doumenach to Armenian parents on 5 October 1939 in Soulac-sur-Mer, is a French Singer and Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Christa Päffgen ( October 16, 1938 ? &ndash July 18, 1988) was a German Singer - Songwriter, fashion model Led Zeppelin were One of her best known songs, Enta Omri, has been the basis of many reinterpretations, including one 2005 collaborative project involving Israeli and Egyptian artists. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.

She had been referred to as "The Lady" by Charles de Gaulle, and is regarded as "The Incomparable Voice" by Maria Callas, Umm Kulthum is remembered in Egypt and the Middle East as one of the greatest singers and musicians who have ever lived. Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French It is hard to accurately measure her vocal range at its peak, since most of her songs are recorded live, and she was careful not to strain her voice too much due to the extended rendition of her songs. Even today, she has retained a near mythical status amongst young Egyptians. She is also notably popular in Israel among Jews and Arabs alike, and her records continue to sell around a million records a year. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding In 2001, the Egyptian government opened the Kawkab al-Sharq (Star of the East) Museum in the singer's memory. Housed in a pavilion on the grounds of Cairo's Manesterly Palace, the collection includes a range of Umm Kulthum's personal possessions, including her trademark sunglasses and scarves, along with photographs, recordings, and other archival material. [5]

Selected discography

Citations

4. The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in For the Thoroughbred racehorse see Omar Khayyam (horse Ghiyās od-Dīn Abol-Fath Omār ibn Ebrāhīm Khayyām Neyshābūri (غیاث الدین Danielson, Virginia. The voice of Egypt: Umm Kulthüm, Arabic song, and Egyptian society in the twentieth century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

  1. ^ Umm Kulthoum - profile by the Egypt State Information Service
  2. ^ Umm Kulthum: A Voice Like Egypt. Dir. Michal Goldman. Narr. Omar Sharif. Omar Sharif ( عمر الشريف; born April 10, 1932) is a two-time Academy Award -nominated and Golden Globe -winning Egyptian 1996. VHS. Arab Film Distribution, 1996.
  3. ^ Playboy Interview: Bob Dylan
  4. ^ Bob Dylan's Unswerving Road Back to Newport
  5. ^ Rakha, Youssef and El-Aref, Nevine, "Umm Kulthoum, superstar", Al-Ahram Weekly, December 27, 2001 - January 2, 2002. Al-Ahram ( Arabic: الأهرام, literally "The Pyramids" founded in 1875 is one of the most widely circulating Egyptian daily newspapers

External links

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