| Umbria | |
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| Geography | |
| Status | Region |
|---|---|
| Capital | Perugia |
| President | Maria Rita Lorenzetti (Democratic Party) |
| Provinces | 2 |
| Area | 8,456 km² |
| - Ranked | 16th (2. Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia Maria Rita Lorenzetti is an Italian politician and the current president of the Italian region of Umbria. The Democratic Party ( Partito Democratico, PD is a Centre-left political party in Italy. In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of These are ranked lists of the regions of Italy. Population figures are from 2001 8 %) |
| Population (2006 est. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology ) | |
| - Total | 867,878 |
| - Ranked | 17th (1. These are ranked lists of the regions of Italy. Population figures are from 2001 5 %) |
| - Density | 103/km² |
Umbria is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The capital is Perugia. Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia It has an area of 8,456 km² and about 900,000 inhabitants.
Contents |
Geography
Umbria is a region of Central Italy, bordered by Tuscany to the west, the Marche to the east and Lazio to the south. Central Italy is a geographic area in Italy that encompasses four of the country's 20 autonomous regions: Lazio Marches Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 The Marche (plural originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. For the football club see SS Lazio Lazio ( Latium in Latin) is a regione of central This region is mostly hilly or mountainous. Its topography is dominated by the Apennines to the east, with the highest point in the region at Monte Vettore on the border of the Marche (2476 m = 8123 ft), and the Tiber valley basin, with the lowest point at Attigliano (96 m = 315 ft). Monte Vettore is a Mountain on the border between Umbria and the Marche, in central Italy. The Tiber ( Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere) is the third-longest River in Italy, rising in the Apennine mountains Attigliano is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Terni in the Italian region Umbria, located about 70 km south of Perugia
Umbria is divided in two provinces:
The Tiber forms the approximate border with Lazio; although its course northwards from its source just over the Tuscan border lies in Umbria, the river course is changeable and thus few towns have been built on it: the Tiber itself is not a major factor in the history and human geography of Umbria. In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Perugia (Provincia di Perugia is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area The Province of Terni (Provincia di Terni is the smaller of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising one-third of both the area and The same cannot be said of the Tiber's three principal tributaries, each flowing in a generally southward course. The course of the Chiascio takes it through relatively uninhabited areas until Bastia Umbra, and about 10 km later it flows into the Tiber at Torgiano. Bastia Umbra is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Perugia in the Italian region Umbria, located about 15 km southeast of Torgiano is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Perugia in the Italian region Umbria, located about 10 km southeast of The Topino, cleaving the Apennines with passes that the Via Flaminia and successor roads follow, makes a sharp turn at Foligno to flow NW for a few kilometres before joining the Chiascio below Bettona. The Topino is a river in Umbria, central Italy. It was known in ancient times as Timia and is mentioned by Dante Alighieri in the Canto The Via Flaminia was a Roman road leading from Rome to Ariminum ( Rimini) and was the most important route to the north Foligno, (Latin Fulginiae Fulginium) is an ancient town of Italy in the Province of Perugia in east central Umbria, on the Topino river Bettona (Latin Vettona) is an ancient town and Comune of Italy, in the Province of Perugia in central Umbria at the northern edge The third river is the Nera, flowing into the Tiber further south, at Terni; its valley, called the Valnerina, is widely considered to be the most scenic area of Umbria. Terni is an ancient town of Italy, capital of Terni province in southern Umbria, in the plain of the Nera river. While the upper Nera flows more or less in isolation in the mountains, the lower course of the Chiascio-Topino basin is a fairly large floodplain, which in Antiquity was a pair of shallow, interlocking lakes, the Lacus Clitorius and the Lacus Umber. They were drained by the Romans over several hundred years, but an earthquake in the 4th century and the political collapse of the Roman Empire resulted in the reflooding of the basin, which was drained a second time over five hundred years; Benedictine monks started the process in the 13th century, and it was completed by an engineer from Foligno in the 18th century. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine.
In tourist literature one sometimes sees Umbria called il cuor verde d'Italia (the green heart of Italy). The phrase, taken from a poem by Giosuè Carducci — the subject of which is not Umbria but rather a specific place in it, the source of the Clitunno river, treasured as a beauty spot — is to a certain extent appropriate since the modern administrative region is the only one to have neither a coast nor a border with a foreign country, and, except for August and September, is famously green. Giosuè Carducci (pseudonym Enotrio Romano ( July 27, 1835 – February 16, 1907) was an Italian poet oft reckoned one of Italy's greatest
History
The region is named for the Umbri tribe, who settled in the region in protohistoric times (6th century BC): 672 BC is the legendary date of foundation of the town of Terni (Interamna). History and Geography The Umbri are one of the oldest races of indigenous people in Italy ( Pliny, Natural History Vol 3 Protohistory refers to a period between Prehistory and History, during which a Culture or Civilization has not yet developed Writing The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Events and trends 677 BC — Esarhaddon leads the Assyrian army against rebellious Arab tribes advances as far as the Brook of Egypt Terni is an ancient town of Italy, capital of Terni province in southern Umbria, in the plain of the Nera river. Their language was Umbrian, a relative of Latin and Oscan. Umbrian is an extinct Italic language formerly spoken by the Umbri in the ancient Italian region of Umbria. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Oscan, the language of the Osci, is in the Sabellic branch of the Italic language family, which is a branch of Indo-European that also includes
Archaeological evidence shows that the Umbri can be identified with the creators of the Terramara, and probably also of the Villanova culture in northern and central Italy, who at the beginning of the Bronze Age displaced the original Ligurian population by an invasion from the north-east. Terramare or Terramara is a Bronze Age Archaeological culture of Italy and Dalmatia, dating to ca The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for The Ligures (singular Ligus or Ligur; English: Ligurians, Greek:) were an ancient people who gave their name to Liguria It may be provisionally inferred that the Umbrians were closely related to the Achaeans of prehistoric Greece. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Pliny the Elder's statement that they were the most ancient race of Italy is certainly wrong. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author
The Etruscans were chief enemies of the Umbri, and the Etruscan invasion went from the western seaboard towards the north and east (lasting from about 700 to 500 BC), eventually driving the Umbrians towards the Apenninic uplands and capturing 300 Umbrian towns. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy Nevertheless, the Umbrian population does not seem to have been eradicated in the conquered districts.
After the downfall of the Etruscans, Umbrians attempted to aid the Samnites in their struggle against Rome (308 BC); but communications with Samnium were impeded by the Roman fortress of Narni (founded 298 BC). The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century involving Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Events By place Greece Ptolemy crosses from Asia Minor into Greece, where he takes possession of Corinth Samnium ( Oscan: Safinim; Italian Sannio) is a historical region of the south central Apennines in Italy, that was home to the Narni is an ancient hilltown and Comune of Umbria in central Italy, with 20100 inhabitants according to the 2003 census at altitude 240 m (787 ft Events By place Roman Republic The Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus in the Battle At the great battle of Sentinum (295 BC), which was fought in their own territory, the Umbrians did not substantially help the Samnites. The Battle of Sentinum was the decisive battle of the Third Samnite War, fought in 295 BC near Sentinum (next to Sassoferrato Events By place Roman Republic The Battle of Sentinum west of Anconum ends in defeat for a formidable coalition of Samnites,
The Roman victory at Sentinum started a period of integration under the Roman rulers, who established some colonies (e. g. , Spoletium) and built the via Flaminia (220 BC), which became a principal vector for Roman development in Umbria. For the festival in South Carolina see Spoleto Festival USA. Spoleto ( Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the The Via Flaminia was a Roman road leading from Rome to Ariminum ( Rimini) and was the most important route to the north Events By place Greece Together with fellow Illyrian Scerdilaidas, Demetrius of Pharos attacks Illyrian cities under During Hannibal's invasion in the second Punic war, the battle of Lake Trasimene was fought in Umbria, but the Umbrians did not aid him. Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash The Second Punic War (referred to as "The War Against Hannibal" by the Romans lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western The Battle of Lake Trasimene ( June 24, 217 BC, April on the Julian calendar) was a Roman defeat in the Second Punic War between the Carthaginians
During the Roman civil war between Mark Antony and Octavian (40 BC), the city of Perugia supported Antony and was almost completely destroyed by the latter. List of Civil wars involving Rome. There were several Roman civil wars, especially during the time of the late Republic. Marcus Antonius (in Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N ( c January 14 83 BC&ndash August 1, 30 BC known in English as Mark Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Year 40 BC was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar.
In Pliny’s time, 49 independent communities still existed in Umbria, and the abundance of inscriptions and the high proportion of recruits in the imperial army attest to its population. The Roman army was a set of military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire as part of the Roman military
The modern region of Umbria, however, is essentially different from the Umbria of Roman times (see Roman Umbria), which extended through most of what is now the northern Marche, to Ravenna, but excluded the west bank of the Tiber. The Roman region of Umbria Regio VI Umbria et ager Gallicus, was one of the eleven regions into which Augustus divided Italy it is named after a proto-Italic people the Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Thus Perugia was in Etruria, and the area around Norcia was in the Sabine territory. The ancient Perusia, now Perugia, first appears in history as one of the 12 confederate cities of Etruria. Etruria &mdash usually referred to in Greek and Latin source texts as Tyrrhenia &mdash was a region of Central Italy, located in an area Norcia is a town and Comune in the Province of Perugia ( Italy) in southeastern Umbria, located in a wide plain abutting the Monti The Sabines ( Latin Sabini, Singular Sabinus) were an Italic tribe that lived in ancient Italy, inhabiting
After the collapse of the Roman empire, Ostrogoths and Byzantines struggled for the supremacy in the region; the Lombards founded the duchy of Spoleto, covering much of today's Umbria, and ruled from 571 to the 13th century. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from The independent Duchy of Spoleto was a Lombard territory founded about 570 in Central Italy by the Lombard Dux Faroald. This article is about the year AD 571 For the US telephone area code see Area code 571. When Charlemagne conquered most of the Lombard kingdoms, some Umbrian territories were given to the Pope, who established temporal power over them. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Some cities acquired a form of autonomy (the comuni); they were often at war with each other in the context of the more general conflict between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire or between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. Communes in Europe in the Middle Ages were sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms among community members of a town or city The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy
In the 14th century, the signorie arose, but were subsumed into the Papal States, which ruled the region until the end of the 18th century. A Signoria (from Signore or Lord) was an abstract noun meaning (roughly 'government governing authority de facto sovereignty lordship in many of the The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system After the French Revolution and the French conquest of Italy, Umbria was part of the ephemeral Roman Republic (1789-1799) and of the Napoleonic Empire (1809-1814). The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an The Roman Republic (Repubblica Romana was proclaimed on February 15, 1798 after Louis Alexandre Berthier, a general of Napoleon, had invaded Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After Napoleon's defeat, the Pope regained Umbria until 1860. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting After the Risorgimento and the Piedmontese expansion, Umbria was incorporated in the Kingdom of Italy. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom
The borders of Umbria were fixed in 1927, with the creation of the province of Terni and the separation of the province of Rieti, which was incorporated in Lazio. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Province of Terni (Provincia di Terni is the smaller of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising one-third of both the area and The Province of Rieti (Provincia di Rieti is a province in the Latium region of Italy. For the football club see SS Lazio Lazio ( Latium in Latin) is a regione of central
Economy
The agriculture of the region produces olives, grapes, wheat and tobacco. Industry is based on the steel factories of Terni that harness the hydroelectric power of the Marmore Falls created by the Romans, the food industry of Perugia (e. Terni is an ancient town of Italy, capital of Terni province in southern Umbria, in the plain of the Nera river. The Cascata delle Marmore (Marmore's Falls is a man-made Waterfall created by the ancient Romans. Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia g. Perugina-Nestlè), the production of olive oil (Spoleto and Trevi) and wine (Lake Trasimeno, Montefalco). Perugina is an Italian Confectionery company based in Perugia, Italy. Nestlé is a multinational packaged food company founded and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland For the festival in South Carolina see Spoleto Festival USA. Spoleto ( Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Trevi (Latin Trebiae) is an ancient town and Comune in Umbria, Italy, on the lower flank of Monte Serano overlooking the Lake Trasimeno or Trasimene (in Italian: Lago Trasimeno) is the largest lake in the Italian peninsula south of the Po with a surface Montefalco is a town and Comune in the central part of the Italian Province of Perugia, ( Umbria) on an outcrop of the Colli Martani Tourism is an important factor in the regional economy, especially in the districts of Perugia, Assisi, and Spoleto.
Politics
Umbria is a stronghold of the center-left coalition The Union, forming with Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna and Marche the famous Italian political "Red Quadrilateral". The Union ( Italian: L'Unione) was an Italian Centre-left Political party coalition led by Romano Prodi, the Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Emilia-Romagna is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Bologna. The Marche (plural originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. At the April 2006 elections, Umbria gave more than 57% of its votes to Romano Prodi. In the Italian general election 2006 for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy held on April 9 and April 10, 2006 (born 9 August 1939 is an Italian politician and statesman He served as President of the Council of Ministers (prime minister of Italy twice from 17 May
Demographics
As of 2006, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 53,470 foreign-born immigrants live in Umbria, equal to 6. 2% of the total population of the region.
Towns of Umbria with a population of 20,000 or more:
| Comune | Population (2006 est. ) |
|---|---|
| Perugia | 161,390 |
| Terni | 109,569 |
| Foligno | 54,381 |
| Città di Castello | 39,492 |
| Spoleto | 38,563 |
| Gubbio | 32,532 |
| Assisi | 26,196 |
| Orvieto | 20,841 |
| Bastia Umbra | 20,760 |
| Narni | 20,212 |
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia Terni is an ancient town of Italy, capital of Terni province in southern Umbria, in the plain of the Nera river. Foligno, (Latin Fulginiae Fulginium) is an ancient town of Italy in the Province of Perugia in east central Umbria, on the Topino river Città di Castello is a town and Comune in the Province of Perugia, in the northern part of the Umbria region of Italy. For the festival in South Carolina see Spoleto Festival USA. Spoleto ( Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Gubbio is a town and Comune in the far northeastern part of the Italian Province of Perugia ( Umbria) It is located on the first slope of Mt Assisi (əˈsiːzi or /əˈsiːsi/ ( Latin: Asisium) is a Town in Italy in Province of Perugia, Italy, in the Umbria Orvieto is a city in southwestern Umbria, Italy situated on the flat summit of a large butte of Bastia Umbra is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Perugia in the Italian region Umbria, located about 15 km southeast of Narni is an ancient hilltown and Comune of Umbria in central Italy, with 20100 inhabitants according to the 2003 census at altitude 240 m (787 ft The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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