Ulan Bator
Mongolian script : Cyrillic script : Улаанбаатар Ulaanbaatar Transcription from Mongolian script : Ulaɣanbaɣatur
Ulan Bator, September 2004
Flag Coat of arms
Ulan Bator Location in Mongolia
Coordinates: 47°55′N 106°55′E / 47.917, 106.917
Established as Örgöö	1639
current location	1778
Ulaanbaatar	1924
Area
- Total	4,704. The classic vertical Mongolian script (ɣɣul bičig, cyrillic: Монгол бичиг Mongol bichig) was the first of many writing systems created The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 4 km² (1,816. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi)
Elevation	1,350 m (4,429 ft)
Population (31. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 01. 2008)[1]
- Total	1,029,900
- Density	219/km² (550/sq mi)
Time zone	H (UTC+8)
Postal code	210 xxx
Area code(s)	+976 (0)11
License plate	УБ_ (_ variable)
ISO 3166-2	MN-1
Website: http://www.ulaanbaatar.mn/

Ulan Bator, or Ulaanbaatar (Mongolian: Улаанбаатар) is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East The city is an independent municipality not part of any province, and its population as of 2008 is just over 1 million. The 21 Aimags are the top-level administrative divisions (provinces of Mongolia. ^[1]

Located in the north central part of the country, the city lies at an elevation of about 1310 m in a valley on the Tuul River. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Tuul River (Туул гол tuul gol; in older sources also Tola) is a river in central and northern Mongolia. It is the cultural, industrial, and financial heart of the country. It is a transport center, connected by highway to all the major towns in Mongolia and by rail to the Trans-Siberian Railway and Chinese railroad network. The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad (Транссибирская магистраль Транссиб in Russian, or Transsibirskaya magistral' China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ^[2]

The city was founded in 1639 as a Buddhist monastery center and, in the 20th century, grew into a major manufacturing center defined by its broad boulevards and squares and Socialist Classicist-style buildings. Buddhism in Mongolia is essentially Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelugpa school Monasticism is one of the most fundamental institutions of Buddhism. Stalinist architecture (also referred to as Stalin 's Empire style Stalinist Gothic, or Socialist Classicism ^[2]

Contents 1 Names 2 Geography 3 History 4 Administration and subdivisions 5 Transportation 6 Education 7 Sights 8 Symbols 8.1 Coat of arms 8.2 Flag 9 Sister cities 10 See also 11 References 12 External links

Names

Ulan Bator has had numerous names in its history. From 1639–1706, it was known as Örgöö (Mongolian: Өргөө, residence), and from 1706–1911 as Ikh Khüree (Mongolian: Их = "great", Хүрээ = "camp"), Da Khüree or simply Khüree. The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of Upon independence in 1911, with both the secular government and the Bogd Khan's palace present, the city's name changed to Niislel Khüree (Mongolian: Нийслэл = "capital", Хүрээ = "camp"). The Bogd Khan ( Mongolian mn Богд хаан 1869-1924 was enthroned as the Emperor ( Khan) of Mongolia on 29 December 1911 when the country declared

When the city became the capital of the new Mongolian People's Republic in 1924, its name was changed to Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар, classical script: , Ulaɣan Baɣatur), literally "red hero"), in honor of Mongolia's national hero Damdin Sükhbaatar, whose warriors liberated Mongolia from Ungern von Sternberg's troops and Chinese occupation shoulder-to-shoulder with the Soviet Red Army. The Mongolian People's Republic ( Mongolian: Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс (БНМАУ Bügd Nairamdakh Mongol Ard Uls (BNMAU) was a The classic vertical Mongolian script (ɣɣul bičig, cyrillic: Монгол бичиг Mongol bichig) was the first of many writing systems created Damdin Sükhbaatar (Дамдин Сүхбаатар ( February 2, 1893 - February 20, 1923) was a Mongolian Military leader Baron Roman Nickolai Maximilian von Ungern-Sternberg (adopted Russian name Роман Фёдорович Унгерн фон Штернберг, which The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya His statue still adorns Ulan Bator's central square.

In Europe and North America, Ulan Bator was generally known as Urga (from Örgöö) or sometimes Kuren (from Khüree) before 1924, and Ulan Bator afterwards, after the Russian: Улан-Батор. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Russian spelling is different from the Mongolian because it was defined phonetically, and the Cyrillic script was only introduced in Mongolia seventeen years later.

Ulan Bator was part of the Manchu Qing Empire until 1911 and the Mandarin Chinese name for the city was Kùlún (traditional Chinese: 庫倫; simplified Chinese: 库伦; derived from Khüree). The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan This name continued to be used in China until 1949 but, in the People's Republic of China, the city is now called Wūlánbātuō (乌兰巴托), a transliteration of Ulan Bator. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES However, Republic of China on Taiwan still considers Mongolia to be a de jure part of China, and the name Kùlún is still used there in some contexts. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. ^[3]

Geography

Climate chart for Ulan Bator
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
1. 1   -16 -27	1. 7   -11 -24	2. 7   -2 -15	8. 3   8 -6	13. 4   17 3	41. 7   22 8	57. 6   23 11	51. 6   22 9	26. 2   16 2	6. 4   7 -6	3. 2   -4 -16	2. 5   -14 -24
temperatures in °C • precipitation totals in mm source: Climate-Charts.com
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0   4 -16     0. 1   11 -11     0. 1   28 4     0. 3   47 22     0. 5   62 37     1. 6   71 47     2. 3   73 52     2   71 49     1   60 36     0. 3   44 21     0. 1   24 3     0. 1   7 -11 temperatures in °F • precipitation totals in inches

Ulan Bator is located at about 1350 meters (4430 ft) above sea level, slightly east of the center of Mongolia on the Tuul River, a subtributary of the Selenge, in a valley at the foot of the mountain Bogd Khan Uul. Tuul River (Туул гол tuul gol; in older sources also Tola) is a river in central and northern Mongolia. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The Selenga (Селенга or Selenge (Сэлэнгэ гол Сэлэнгэ мөрөн is a river in Mongolia and Russia. Bogd Khan Uul ( Mongolian mn Богд хан уул is a Mountain in Mongolia that overlooks the nation's capital Ulaanbaatar, from a height

Due to its high elevation, relatively high latitude, and location hundreds of kilometres from any coast, Ulan Bator is the coldest national capital in the world, with a monsoon-influenced subarctic climate (Koppen climate classification Dwc) with brief, warm summers and long, very cold and dry winters. Regions having a subarctic climate (also called boreal climate) are characterized by long usually very cold winters and brief warm summers The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist It has an average annual temperature of -1. 3 °C (29. 7 °F). The city lies in the zone of sporadic permafrost, which means that building is difficult in sheltered aspects that preclude thawing in the summer, but easier on more exposed ones where soils fully thaw. This article is about frozen ground For other meanings see Permafrost (disambiguation. Suburban residents live in traditional gers that do not protrude into the soil. A yurt is a portable Felt -covered wood lattice -framed dwelling structure used by Nomads in the Steppes of Central Asia. ^[4]

History

Founded in 1639 as a yurt monastery, Ulan Bator, then Örgöö (palace-yurt), was first located at the lake Shireet Tsagaan nuur in what is now Övörkhangai, around 250 km from the present site of Ulan Bator, and was mainly intended to be the seat of the first Jebtsundamba Khutughtu, Zanabazar. A yurt is a portable Felt -covered wood lattice -framed dwelling structure used by Nomads in the Steppes of Central Asia. A yurt is a portable Felt -covered wood lattice -framed dwelling structure used by Nomads in the Steppes of Central Asia. Övörkhangai (Өвөрхангай southern Khangai) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces of Mongolia, located in the south of the country The Khalkha Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (Жавзандамба хутагт Javzandamba Khutagt; Tibetan: རྗེ་བཙུན་དམ་པ་ Jetsun Dampa Zanabazar, also known as Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar (Өндөр гэгээн Занабазар 1635-1723 was the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the spiritual head

As a mobile monastery-town, it was often moved to various places along the Selenge, Orkhon and Tuul rivers, as supply and other needs would demand. The Selenga (Селенга or Selenge (Сэлэнгэ гол Сэлэнгэ мөрөн is a river in Mongolia and Russia. The Orkhon River (Орхон гол Orkhon gol) is a River in Mongolia. Tuul River (Туул гол tuul gol; in older sources also Tola) is a river in central and northern Mongolia. During the Dzungar wars of the late 17th century, it was even moved to Inner Mongolia. Dzungar (also Jungar or Zungar; Mongolian: Зүүнгар Züüngar) is the collective identity of several Oirat tribes that Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol ^[5] As the city grew, it moved less and less. ^[6] In 1778, the city settled for good at its current location, near the confluence of the Selbe and Tuul rivers and beneath Bogd Khan Uul, back then also on the caravan route from Beijing to Kyakhta. Bogd Khan Uul ( Mongolian mn Богд хан уул is a Mountain in Mongolia that overlooks the nation's capital Ulaanbaatar, from a height Kyakhta or Kiakhta (Кя́хта is a town in the Buryat Republic, Russia. ^[7] The city became the seat not only of the Jebtsundamba Khutugtus, but also of two Qing ambans, and a Chinese trade town (traditional Chinese: 買賣城; pinyin: Măimàichéng) grew several kilometers east of the city center. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Amban ( pl: ambasa is a Manchu word meaning "high official" which corresponds to a number of different official titles in the Qing Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use

In 1911, Mongolian leaders in Ikh Khüree for Naadam met in secret and resolved upon independence from China for their country. Naadam (Наадам Classical Mongolian: Naɤadum games) is a traditional type of festival in Mongolia. On December 29, 1911, the Bogd Khan was declared ruler of an independent Mongolia. The Bogd Khan ( Mongolian mn Богд хаан 1869-1924 was enthroned as the Emperor ( Khan) of Mongolia on 29 December 1911 when the country declared ^[6] Khüree as the seat of the Jebtsundamba Khutugtu was the logical choice for the capital of the new state. In 1919, it was occupied by Chinese troops, and in 1921 changed hands twice, first to Baron Ungern's Whites Soldateska, and in July to the Soviet-supported Mongolian troops led by Sükhbaatar. Baron Roman Nickolai Maximilian von Ungern-Sternberg (adopted Russian name Роман Фёдорович Унгерн фон Штернберг, which The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Damdin Sükhbaatar (Дамдин Сүхбаатар ( February 2, 1893 - February 20, 1923) was a Mongolian Military leader On October 29, 1924, the town was renamed to Ulaanbaatar ("red hero") as reference to Sükhbaatar, who had died earlier that year. ^[6]

In the socialist period, and especially following the Second World War, most of the old yurt quarters were replaced by Soviet-style blocks of flats, often financed by the Soviet Union. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Ugsarmal bair (Угсармал байр assembled building) or just Ugsarmal is the Mongolian term for high rise panel buildings The Transmongolian Railway, connecting Ulan Bator with Moscow and Beijing, was completed in 1956, and cinemas, theatres, museums etc. History Railway development came late to Mongolia Construction of the Trans-Mongolian line began in 1947 reaching Ulan Bator from the north in 1950 and the Chinese border in 1955 were erected. On the other hand, many of the temples and monasteries of pre-socialist Khüree were destroyed following the anti-religious purges of the late 1930s.

Ulan Bator was the site of demonstrations that led to Mongolia's transition to democracy and a market economy in 1990. A December 10, 1989 protest outside the Youth Culture Centre called for Mongolia to implement perestroika and glasnost in their full sense. (Перестройка) is the Russian term (now used in English for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev (Гла́сность)is literally defined as publicity and sometimes figuratively interpreted as "tipping a vase to let someone see into the vase but not the bottom of the vase" Dissident leaders demanded free elections and economic reform. On January 14, 1990, the protesters, having grown from two hundred to some 1,000, met at the Lenin Museum in Ulan Bator. A demonstration in Sukhbaatar Square on Jan. 21 (in weather of -30 C) followed. After came weekend demonstrations in January and February and the forming of Mongolia's first opposition parties. On March 7 ten dissidents assembled in Sukhbaatar Square and went on hunger strike. Thousands of supporters joined them. More came on March 8, and the crowd grew more unruly; seventy people were injured and one killed. On March 9 the Communist MPRP government resigned. The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Нам Mongol Ardyn Khuvisgalt Nam) is an ex-communist Political party in The new government announced Mongolia's first free elections, which were held in July. (Ironically, the Communist government won the election by a wide margin. )^[8]

Since Mongolia's transition to market economy in 1990, the city has experienced further growth - especially in the yurt quarters, as construction of new blocks of flats had basically broken down in the 1990s - and population has doubled to now one million inhabitants, about 40% of Mongolia's entire population. This causes a number of social, environmental, and transportation problems.

In recent years, construction of new buildings has gained new momentum, especially in the city center, and flat prices have skyrocketed.

Administration and subdivisions

Main article: Düüreg

Ulan Bator is divided into nine districts (Düüregs): Baganuur, Bagakhangai, Bayangol, Bayanzürkh, Chingeltei, Khan Uul, Nalaikh, Songino Khairkhan, and Sükhbaatar. A düüreg (дүүрэг is a municipal district in the capital of Mongolia, Ulan Bator. A düüreg (дүүрэг is a municipal district in the capital of Mongolia, Ulan Bator. Baganuur (Багануур small lake) is one of nine Düüregs (districts of the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator. Bagakhangai (Багахангай small khangai) is one of nine Düüregs (districts of the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator. Bayanzürkh (Баянзүрх is one of nine Düüregs (districts of the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator. Chingletei (Чингэлтэй is one of nine Düüregs (districts of the Mongolian capital Ulan Bator. Khan Uul (Хан-Уул king mountain) is one of nine Düüregs (districts of the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator. Nalaikh (Налайх is one of nine Düüregs (districts of the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator. Songino Khairkhan (Сонгинохайрхан onion mountain) is one of nine Düüregs (districts of the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator. Sükhbaatar (Сүхбаатар is one of nine Düüregs (districts of the Mongolian capital Ulan Bator. Each district is subdivided into Khoroos. A khoroo is a subdistrict of Ulan Bator, the capital of Mongolia.

The capital is governed by a city council (the Citizen's Representatives Hural) with forty members, elected every four years. The city council appoints the mayor. The current mayor is Tüdeviin Bilegt^[9]. Ulan Bator is governed as an independent first-level subdivision of Mongolia, separate from Töv Aimag, the province that surrounds Ulan Bator. Töv (Төв Center) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces of Mongolia.

The city consists of a central district built in Soviet 1940s and 1950s-style architecture, surrounded by and mingled with residential concrete towerblocks and large yurt quarters. A yurt is a portable Felt -covered wood lattice -framed dwelling structure used by Nomads in the Steppes of Central Asia. In recent years, a lot of the towerblock's ground floors have been modified and upgraded to small shops, and many new buildings have been erected, some of them illegally.

Transportation

Interurban and international: Ulan Bator is served by the Chinggis Khaan International Airport (formerly Buyant Ukhaa Airport). Ulaanbaatar Station is located in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The station is the centre of regional and international traffic in Mongolia Chinggis Khaan International Airport is the International airport serving Ulan Bator, Mongolia. It is 18 km southwest of the city. ^[10] Chinggis Khaan airport is the only airport in Mongolia that offers international flights. Flights to Ulan Bator are available from Tokyo, Seoul, Berlin, Moscow, Irkutsk, and Beijing. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Irkutsk (Ирку́тск Эрхүү Erkhüü; Эрхүү Erkhüü) is one of the largest cities in Siberia and the administrative center of ^[11] Ulan Bator is connected by road to most of the major towns in Mongolia, but most roads in Mongolia are unpaved and unmarked and road travel can be difficult. Even within the city, not all roads are paved and some of the ones that are paved are not in good condition. ^[12]There are rail connections to the Trans-Siberian railway via Naushki and to the Chinese railroad system via Jining. The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad (Транссибирская магистраль Транссиб in Russian, or Transsibirskaya magistral' Jining District ( is an urban district that serves as the administrative seat of Ulaan Chab, a Prefecture-level city in the mid-western part of Inner

Intra-urban: The national and municipal governments regulate a wide system of private transit providers which operate numerous bus lines around the city. Many of these buses are antiquated Czech vehicles, though Japan and Korea have recently donated and sold modern busses to the city. A secondary transit system of microbusses (passenger vans) operates alongside these bus lines and competes directly. In the last few years the city licensed an increasing number of marked taxicabs. However, most drivers in the city offer unregulated and informal taxicab service to anyone who signals them.

Education

Ulan Bator has five major universities: the National University of Mongolia, Science and Technological University of Mongolia, University of Health and Medical Science, Pedagogical University, and University of Art and Culture. The National University of Mongolia (short NUM Mongolian mn Монгол Улсын Их Сургууль Mongol Ulsyn Ikh Surguul) is the oldest University in The National Library of Mongolia has a wide selection of English-language texts on Mongolian subjects. ^[13] The American School of Ulaanbaatar and the International School of Ulaanbaatar both offer Western-style K-12 education in English for Mongolian nationals and foreign residents. The International School of Ulaanbaatar in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, is a private coeducational day school which offers an educational program from preschool through ^[14][15]

Sights

Few buildings in Ulaanbaatar predate World War II. The Gandantegchinlen Khiid Monastery, commonly known as Gandan Monastery, is a Tibetan -style Monastery in the Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including One is the Choijin Lama Monastery, a Buddhist monastery that was completed in 1908. The Choijin Lama Monastery is a Tibetan style Monastery in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. It escaped the destruction of Mongolian monasteries when it was turned into a museum in 1942. ^[16] Another is the Gandantegchinlen Khiid Monastery, which dates to the 19th century. The Gandantegchinlen Khiid Monastery, commonly known as Gandan Monastery, is a Tibetan -style Monastery in the Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar Its most famous attraction is a 26. 5-meter-high golden statue of Migjid Janraisig. Avalokiteśvara ( Nepali: अवलोकितेश्वर, lit ^[17] These monasteries are two of the very few in Mongolia to escape the wholesale destruction of Mongolian monasteries under Khorloogiin Choibalsan. Khorloogiin Choibalsan (Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан February 8 1895 &ndash January 26, 1952) was the Communist leader

Ulaanbaatar has several museums dedicated to Mongolian history and culture. The Natural History Museum features many dinosaur fossils and meteorites found in Mongolia. ^[18][19] The National Museum of Mongolian History includes exhibits from prehistoric times through the Mongol Empire to the present day. National Museum of Mongolian History is one of the national Museums of Mongolia located in the capital Ulan Bator. The Mongol Empire ( Mongolyn Ezent Güren or mn Их Mонгол улс Ikh Mongol Uls; 1206–1368 was the largest contiguous Empire ^[20][21] The Zanabazar Museum of Fine Arts contains a large collection of Mongolian art, including works of the 17th century sculptor/artist Zanabazar, as well as Mongolia's most famous painting, One Day In Mongolia by B. Sharav. Zanabazar, also known as Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar (Өндөр гэгээн Занабазар 1635-1723 was the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the spiritual head Baldugiin 'Marzan' Sharav (1869-1939 Балдугийн 'Марзан' Шарав marzan = strange funny) was a Mongolian painter ^[22][23]

The Winter Palace of the Bogd Khan remains as a museum of the last king of Mongolia (1911-1924). The Bogd Khan ( Mongolian mn Богд хаан 1869-1924 was enthroned as the Emperor ( Khan) of Mongolia on 29 December 1911 when the country declared The complex inculdes six temples as well as many of the Khan's possessions, such as his throne and bed, his collection of art and stuffed animals, his ornate ceremonial ger, and a pair of ceremonial boots given to the Khan by Russian Tsar Nicholas II. A yurt is a portable Felt -covered wood lattice -framed dwelling structure used by Nomads in the Steppes of Central Asia. ^[24][25]

The Ulaanbaatar Opera House hosts concerts and musical performances. The National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet of Mongolia (colloquially called Ulaanbaatar Opera House) opened on 15 May 1963 and made its opening ceremony on 18 May 1963

Sükhbaatar Square, in the government district, is the center of Ulaanbaatar. Sükhbaatar Square ( Mongolian: Сүхбаатарын талбай pronounced Sükhbaatariin Talbai) is a Public square in Ulaanbaatar, In the middle of Sükhbaatar Square, there is a statue of Damdin Sükhbaatar on horseback. Damdin Sükhbaatar (Дамдин Сүхбаатар ( February 2, 1893 - February 20, 1923) was a Mongolian Military leader On the north side of Sükhbaatar Square is the Mongolian Parliament building, featuring a large statue of Chinggis Khan at the top of the front steps. Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder Peace Avenue (Enkh Taivny Örgön Chölöö), the main thoroughfare through town, runs along the south side of the square. ^[26]

The Zaisan Memorial, a memorial to Russian soldiers killed in World War II, sits on a hill south of the city. The Zaisan Memorial (Зайсан is a memorial south of the Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar that honors Soviet soldiers killed in World War The Zaisan Memorial includes a Russian tank paid for by the Mongolian people and a circular memorial painting which depicts scenes of friendship between the peoples of Russia and Mongolia. Visitors who make the long climb to the top are rewarded with a panoramic view of the whole city down in the valley.

National Sports Stadium is the main sporting venue. National Sports Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The Naadam festival is held here every July. Naadam (Наадам Classical Mongolian: Naɤadum games) is a traditional type of festival in Mongolia.

Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, a nature preserve with many tourist facilities, is approximately 70 km from Ulan Bator. Gorkhi-Terelj National Park (Горхи-Тэрэлж creek-rhododendron) is one of the national parks of Mongolia. Accessible via paved road.

Symbols

The official symbol of Ulan Bator is the garuḍa, a mythical bird in both Buddhist and Hindu mythology called Khan Garuda or Khangar'd (Mongolian: Хангарьд) by Mongols. GARUDA is India's Grid Computing initiative connecting 17 cities across the country Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Khan, alternately spelled lowercase as khan, qāān for their chief between 283 - 289 and was used as a state title by the Rouran confederation The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of

Coat of arms

The garuḍa appears on Ulan Bator's coat of arms. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people In its right hand is a key, a symbol of prosperity and openness, and in its left is a lotus flower, a symbol of peace, equality, and purity. Nelumbo is a Genus of aquatic plants with large showy Water lily -like flowers commonly known as Lotus or sacred lotus In its talons it is holding a snake, a symbol of evil of which it is intolerant. On the garuḍa's forehead is the soyombo symbol, which is featured on the flag of Mongolia. The Soyombo script ( Mongolian mn Соёмбо бичиг soyombo bichig) is an Abugida developed by the Mongolian monk and scholar Bogdo Zanabazar The current Flag of Mongolia was adopted on February 12, 1992.

Flag

The city’s flag is sky blue with the garuḍa arms in the center. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification

Sister cities

According to the city's official website^[27]:

• Seoul, South Korea
• Moscow, Russian Federation
• Denver, Colorado, USA^[28]
• Sapporo, Japan
• Hohhot, People's Republic of China

See also

• Architecture of Mongolia

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Naadam (Наадам Classical Mongolian: Naɤadum games) is a traditional type of festival in Mongolia. Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the is the fifth-largest city in Japan by population It is the capital of Hokkaidō Prefecture, located in Ishikari Subprefecture, and an For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Hohhot ( Mongolian:, Kökeqota; lit "Blue Town") occasionally spelled Huhehot or Huhhot, is a city in North-central China and the Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Dashichoiling 01jpg|thumb|left|200px|A temple in the Dashichoiling monastery The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
• Kohn, Michael. Lonely Planet Mongolia. Lonely Planet Publications (usually known as Lonely Planet or LP) is one of the largest travel Guidebook publishers in the world 4th edition, 2005. ISBN 1740593596

External links

• City of Ulan Bator official site (English)
• City council of Ulan Bator official site (Mongolian)
• Mayor of Ulan Bator official site (Mongolian)
• Digital map of Ulan Bator ger districts including (English)
• "Urga or Da Khuree" from A. M. Pozdneyev's Mongolia and the Mongols
• Photos of Ulan Bator with comments
• Ulan Bator travel guide from Wikitravel

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